题目内容

Europe’s deadly outbreak of a rare form of E. coli bacteria (大肠杆菌) has brought new attention to food safety issues. One of the problems when people get sick from food is that the simplest question is often difficult or even impossible to answer. Just what did the people eat that made them sick?
Of course, one way to avoid these medical mysteries is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply. This is easier said than done, but scientists keep looking for new ways.
Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high-tech optical scanner. The system is designed to identify the presence of contaminants(致污物) like soil or animal waste on fresh produce. These can be sources of E. coli. E. coli bacteria naturally live in the intestines(肠) of humans and many animals. Most kinds of E. coli are harmless but some can make people sick.
The new scanner can also show damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.
Scientists designed the system at a Department of Agriculture research center in Beltsville, Maryland. Moon Kim of the Agricultural Research Service led the team.
MOON KIM: “We were requested, we were asked, to develop a method to detect contamination in produce. So we started with the apple as the model sample.”
The scanner uses a high-speed camera placed over the conveyer belt that moves the produce along. As the apples move along the belt, the scanner captures images of each piece of fruit.
Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be available before long.
MOON KIM: “We are targeting for development in commercial plants for the next several years.”
The scanner can direct a sorting machine to separate the bad apples from the good ones. The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventers hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.
小题1:What is the main topic of the text?
A．Bacteria. B．A high-tech scanner.C．A camera D．Food safety.
小题2:E. coli bacteria ______.
A．broke out all over the world B．comes from soil or animal waste
C．is extremely harmful to health D．does not cause illness
小题3:The high-tech scanner ______.
A．can help to sort out different fruits
B．make the produce appeal to shoppers
C．can only capture images of the whole apple
D．can identify the presence of contaminants
小题4:What can be inferred from the text?
A．The scanner needs to be improved.
B．The scanner will be available in the next several years.
C．Moon Kim is unwilling to develop the scanner.
D．The scanner is connected to a sorting machine.

小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:A

试题分析：欧洲一种罕见大肠杆菌的致命爆发引发了人们对食品安全问题的新的关注。在人们因为食品致病的一系列问题中，有一个最简单的问题却常常难于甚至无法回答，这就是，他们吃了什么导致生病？美国科学家开发了一种使用高科技光学扫描装置的实验性系统。这种检测系统针对于食品包装上市环节。希望这个新科技能真的成为食品安全的福音。
小题1:主旨大意题。综观全文可知本文主要介绍了这种高科技的扫描仪，故选B。
小题2:细节理解题。根据contaminants(致污物) like soil or animal waste on fresh produce. 故选B。
小题3:细节理解题。根据The system is designed to identify the presence of contaminants(致污物) like soil or animal waste on fresh produce.该系统用于识别新鲜农产品表面上的土壤或动物粪便等污染物，故选D。
小题4:推理判断题。根据The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventers hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.这种扫描仪有待于提高，故选A。
点评：主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章大意的能力，一般针对某一语段或某一语篇主题标题或目的设题。做这类题，关键在于抓住文章要旨。
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You may have heard about the many benefits of yoga, but a recent New York Times story, has stirred up more than a little controversy in the yoga community.
"How Yoga Can Wreck Your Body," by science writer William J. Broad, quotes a long-time yoga teacher who "...has come to believe that 'the vast majority of people' should give up yoga altogether. It's simply too likely to cause harm." He goes on to describe a number of cases where people have been injured doing yoga, including himself.
The research in the article isn't groundbreaking: doing any form of exercise you could potentially hurt yourself. If you look at the injury rates of other physical activities, the number of injuries sustained from yoga would pale in comparison.
Practicing yoga is just like anything in life: You have to push yourself in order to grow. But you also have to know your limits and when you're breaking them. If you stick to your comfort zone, you'll never be able to increase your flexibility. If you push to the point where you're not only uncomfortable, but in real pain, you'll likely injure yourself.
The reasons that yoga causes "serious injury”, according to the Times story, range from students' physical weaknesses to inexperienced teachers pushing too hard to the growing number of inflexible "urbanites who sit in chairs all day" trying hard to twist themselves into difficult postures.
Yoga is called a "practice" for a reason. You don't have to be perfect. You don't have to tackle every pose. It doesn't matter if you can touch the floor with your palms during your first forward bend or your thousandth, or if you never get there.
We go to the mat to learn to better listen to what our bodies are telling us, and to better hear that quiet inner voice drowned out by the noise of our busy lives. It's a shame to discourage the majority of people from practicing yoga and missing out on all of the mind-body benefits that going to the mat has to offer.
小题1:The underlined word is best replaced by __.
A．InjureB．BenefitC．PushD．Shape
小题2:What does author mainly want to tell us in the 3rd paragraph?
A．All physical activities are equally harmful.
B．Yoga causes much less injuries than other physical activities.
C．Similar researches have been done before.
D．Yoga, like any other form of exercise, can hurt people.
小题3:Which is not mentioned among the reasons for yoga being likely to cause injury?
A．Teachers lack the knowledge of students’ limits.
B．Modern lifestyle decreases our flexibility.
C．The body doesn’t tell when you are in real pain.
D．Students themselves might not be in good physical condition.
小题4:What is the author’s attitude towards practicing yoga?
A．It’s a shame not to practice yoga.
B．One should push the limits in order to be perfect.
C．The majority should give up yoga for it may cause harm.
D．One should enjoy the physical and mental benefit that yoga brings.
Below is a selection from a popular science book.
If blood is red, why are veins（静脉） blue?
Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in the vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.
Which works harder, you heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?
Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make bigger room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall our when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they are gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.
Do old people shrink as they age?
Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They lose height as their spine（脊柱） becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity(重力). Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose and average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards ----- their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.
Why does spinning make you dizzy（眩晕的）?
Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’removing while you’re not.
Where do feelings and emotions come from?
Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area ----- from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet.
If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?
Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy, it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease
小题1:What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A．BlueB．Light yellow
C．RedD．Dark reddish purple
小题2:Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A．Because their spine is in active use.
B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C．Because they keep growing backwards.
D．Because their spine becomes more bent.
小题3:Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A．In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B．When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
小题4:What is the main purpose of the selection?
A．To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B．To provide information about our body.
C．To challenge new findings in medical research.
D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science.
Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be dangerous to your health. This explains a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often ignored when a new phone is purchased. Apple, for example, doesn’t want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, BlackBerry’s manufacturer, recommends 2.5 centimeters.
If health issues arise from cell phone use, the possible effects are huge. Voice calls - Americans chat on cell phones 2.26 trillion(万亿)minutes annually - earn $109 billion for the wireless carriers.
Devra Davis, an expert who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell phone radiation, “Disconnect.” The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled.
Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population.
“Most cancers have multiple causes,” she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer.
Children are more vulnerable（易受伤的）to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid（易吸收的液体）. No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children, she says.
Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiation had damaged DNA in their brains.
Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone’s speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen（腹部）.
小题1:According to Ms Davis, brain cancer increase ____.
A．among childrenB．among old people
C．in the twentiesD．among pregnant women
小题2:Why do children easily be affected by radiation?
A．Because they haven’t grown up.
B．Because they are too young to protect themselves.
C．Because they use cell phones more often than adults.
D．Because their skulls are thinner and their brains are easily hurt.
小题3:What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A．Pregnant women should keep cell phones away.
B．People should use cell phones in the correct way.
C．If you are a child, you’d better text than make phone calls.
D．When you use a cell phone, use a wired headset or the phone’s speaker.
小题4:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Be careful when using cell phones.
B．Don’t hold your cell phone against your ear.
C．Rats exposed to radiation have damaged DNA in their brains.
D．Low-energy radiation could damage cells that could lead to cancer.
Weighed down by study? Pushed to the limit by the fast pace of life ? Frightened by the possible war ? Well, you’re not alone. Men and women in France are seeking relief using the world’s best medicine-----laughter.
In the past year, more than 15 laughter clubs have been set up across the country. People of all ages go to release their stress with an hour group laughs. “People telephoned me and said they have forgotten what it is to laugh. They want to find a place where they can escape all their problems for a while. So they come,” said 40—year—old Jocelyne Le Moan. She usually takes a class of around 60 people through a series of laughter techniques.
Her pupils range from teenagers to 70 years old, but most are middle---aged white collars seeking 60 minutes of relaxation at the end of a busy day. Le Moan takes them through the “Lion Laugh”and the “Laugh Contest”, where participants “speak”to each other in different ways. And instead of talking, they break into fits of laughter. At the end there are 15 minutes of “meditation”, when they lie on their backs and let the laughs burst out of their mouths.
“I love it. It’s an experience that has changed my life. Through it I rediscovered the child’s laugh inside me,”Said Romain Jouffroy, 24. “US President George W. Bush should give it a try. He has lost his laugh,”she joked . Like Jouffroy, many laughter club members find themselves changed into children again, and why not ? The average preschooler laughs up to 400 times a day.
The average adult only a day seven to 15.
The physical benefits of laughter are already well—recognized. Doctors say the act of laughing releases good chemicals into the blood—stream, while the quick breathing that accompanies it helps massage（按摩）the digestive organs and strengthens the heart.
“A full hour is like having your inside go jogging！One finishes out of breath, but feels revitalized（产生新活力. And on top of that , you’ve had a laugh,”said doctor Alexisd’ Estaing.And many participants in Paris also emphasize the psychological benefits. They believe that laughter is a way of making oneself feel more confident.
小题1:Which of the following is not included among the benefits of laughing?
A．It can make people rediscover their children’s laugh.
B．It can release good chemical into blood streams.
C．It can make you feel self—confident.
D．It can cure the illness of people.
小题2:The writer suggested that you should_____________.
A．take the world’s best medicine.
B．talk to each other about what troubles you.
C．learn series of laughter techniques.
D．have a good laugh after a busy day.
小题3:From the passage , we can conclude the following but___________.
A．Jocelyne Le Moan is a teacher of the club.
B．the members are mostly middle---aged white collars.
C．people always need some way to relax in life.
D．laugh freely and everything goes well.
小题4:Which of the following is not the reason why so many people join the laughter clubs ?
A．Those members feel too much pressure on them.
B．They want to find a place to relax themselves.
C．Laughters help massage the digestive organs.
D．The members don’t know how to laugh.
[1] Scientist proves better busy than doing nothing, research has found. Keeping the mind occupied with tasks—no matter how meaningless—keeps off negativeemotions, the study found.
[2] However, the bad news is that humans seem born to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christopher Hsee, a behavioural scientist at Chicago University.
[3] In a study 98 students were asked to complete two surveys. After they had completed the first they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one. They were given a choice of either handing in the first survey nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to. Whichever choice they chose, they received a chocolate bar. Two-thirds (68 per cent) chose to take a shortcut. Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put. Prof Hsee concluded __________________ helped keep people happy.
[4] He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, had policy guidance. "Governments may increase the happiness of idle（闲散的）citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless", he suggested.
[5] At the individual level, he advised: "Get up and do something. Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it." He added, "By the way, thinking deeply or busy with self-reflection counts as keeping busy, too. You do not need to be running around—you just need to be busy, either physically or mentally."
小题1:What is the purpose of the text? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题2:Why did two-thirds (68 per cent) choose to take a shortcut? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 2 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题4:What does the word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to? ( no more than 2 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题5:What is the main idea of the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
Everyone needs water and a diet ___小题1:___healthy foods. These foods should __小题2:___some fat, some fiber, a little salt and so on.
People need energy to live. They eat all kinds of foods___小题3:__change into energy. Our bodies use different __小题4:___of energy. The energy is measured in calories(卡路里).The more __小题5:___we take, the more calories we burn. Even when you are _小题6:___you are using energy ---about 65calories an hour. While you are at school, or walking home, your body is __小题7:__up 100 calories an hour. When playing football or basketball, you might be using 400 calories an hour. On _小题8:___Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as___小题9:__as 650 calories an hour.
The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables. It is __小题10:___in fiber and low in sugar and fat. The Chinese eat less sugar than many___小题11:___countries in the world. That is __小题12:___lots of people in China have white teeth.
People in the western world do no eat ___小题13:__healthy foods. They eat too much fat and sugar and don’t take __小题14:___exercise.Because of this, they _小题15:___weight very easily. In order to __小题16:___with the quick pace(步伐)of their life and work , they eat a lot of fast food . They eat a lot of sweets, soft drinks, potato crisp, chocolates, butter and ice cream and so on, ___小题17:__are called __小题18:__food by some epicureans (美食家).The result is that many of them become fat. In order to avoid __小题19:___fat and __小题20:___it is advisable (明智的)to eat a balanced diet and not eat too many foods that have a high calorie rating.
小题21:
A．aboveB．OfC．atD．over
小题22:
A．includeB．holdC．containD．make up
小题23:
A．whichB．whatC．WhereD．it
小题24:
A．numbersB．amountsC．plentyD．deal
小题25:
A．exerciseB．lessonC．sport D．games
小题26:
A．wakenB．runningC．workingD．asleep
小题27:
A．runningB．addingC．burningD．wasting
小题28:
A．ChildrenB．WorkC．SportsD．Teacher
小题29:
A．muchB．manyC．fewD．little
小题30:
A．poorB．lowC．richD．plenty
小题31:
A．moreB．otherC．restD．others
小题32:A why         B. because  C. because of  D. since
小题33:A so          B. very     C. much       D. such
小题34:
A．a number ofB．too muchC．masses of D．enough
小题35:
A．lose weightB．put onC．dieD．stay healthy
小题36:
A．keep upB．carry onC．keep onD．go on
小题37:
A．asB．theseC．whichD．they
小题38:
A．badB．diseaseC．healthyD．junk
小题39:
A．to getB．becomingC．to becomeD．get
小题40:
A．keep thinB．keep fitC．stay calm D．fall ill
Ann Whimey, a sophomore(大学二年级学生) at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. "I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answer."
The young student was experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the great nervousness. though poor scores are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes low scores. Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.
Special university counseling(咨询) courses try to help students. In these courses, counselors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the test shows their anxiety is high, the students can take courses to help them deal with their nervousness. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease, learn information, then come out without difficulty in a test.
An expert at the University of California explains, "With almost all students, relaxation is felt after taking our program. Most of them have better control during their test. Almost all have some improvements. For some, the improvement is very great.
小题1:The title of the passage should be                        
A．Tests at college
B．Anxiety and Tests
C．How to Get Rid of Anxiety
D．Counseling Courses Help Students
小题2:According to this passage, we mainly find poor scores may result from     
A．lazinessB．sleeplessness
C．nervousnessD．poor study habits
小题3:In order to get rid of test anxiety, students should  
A．take tests to measure their anxiety
B．take counseling courses to help themselves
C．let their minds work at ease
D．learn to control their nervousness
小题4:According to the counselor at the University of California, the program is    
A．successful
B．ineffective
C．of great help to all
D．worth showing off
Many of us don't pay much attention to the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your body, then you can surely be healthy. That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care. Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.
There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging (老化). Televisions, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you happen to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a break every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight form UV rays.
Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamins A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly (定期地) and eats the right kind of food, his eyes will stay in good condition for a long time.
All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes. Being happy all the time can be helpful to a person's eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.
小题1:_____ is the most important way to protect our eyes.
A．Seeing the doctorB．Taking medicine
C．Natural eye careD．Being happy all the time
小题2:All the following causes can lead to bad eyesight except _______.
A．ageB．heightC．readingD．computers
小题3:What should you do if you have to work in front of the computer?
A．Eat healthy foods.B．Have a rest after working for a while.
C．Wear a pair of sunglasses.D．Clean the eye by using cold water
小题4:Which is the best title of the passage?
A．Ways of Being HappyB．Ways of Eye Exercises
C．Ways of Eye CareD．Ways of Being Healthy

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