题目内容
11.Homeopathy is the oldest form of complementary(互补的)and alternative medicines from Europe.It originated with the German physician Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843).He came across the cinchona.html"cinchona,the bark of a South American tree that was used by the local people to treat fevers.Among the active ingredients in the bark is quinine(奎宁),which is still used to treat malaria.If a healthy person took cinchona,he or she would have symptoms (症状) of malaria.In 1796and 1810,Hahnemann published essays on the theories of homeopathy:substances that cause illnesses or symptoms in people can be used in small doses as treatment.Supporters of homeopathy viewed it as a safe,patient-centered system.Hahnemann claimed he could cure any and all illnesses using homeopathic principles.However,the Australian council sought to evaluate this claim once and for all.Their assessment was based on the analysis of 57published systematic reviews encompassing 176individual studies,independent evaluation of evidence provided by homeopathy interest groups and the public,and clinical practice guidelines and reports on homeopathy from other governments.Studies were only considered if they were case-controlled,meaning they compared a group of patients receiving homeopathic treatments with a control group.The council who oversaw this review consisted of experts in conventional-based medicine as well as complementary and alternative medicines.As a guideline,for a treatment to be considered effective,it must result in health improvements that cannot be explained by the placebo (安慰剂) effect,these improvements must be meaningful for a person's overall health and the results have to be seen consistently in several studies.A draft of the report was reviewed by a group of independent experts in complementary medicine research and opened up for public consultation before it was finalized.
Eventually,the council found no reliable evidence that homeopathic treatments were effective.Studies that did find homeopathy to be effective were overall of poor scientific quality,used too few patients or lacked evidence on which to base their conclusions.Rejecting proven medical treatments in favor of homeopathy for chronic or potentially serious conditions could place people at risk.As always,use of homeopathic or other remedies should be discussed with your physician in order to make informed healthcare decisions.
62.We can learn from the passage that homeopathy is a system of medicine in whichA.
A.patients are given very small amounts of a drug that produces symptoms in healthy people
B.patients are evaluated by using very small amounts of the substance causing illness or symptoms
C.patients would have symptoms of malaria if they took cinchona
D.patients relying on homeopathy can explain their health improvements by the placebo effect
63.The underlined word"encompassing"can most probably be replaced byD.
A.encouraging
B.searching
C.conducting
D.including
64.When evaluating homeopathic treatments,the Australian council was most concerned aboutC.
A.the source of the data to be analyzed
B.the criteria of an effective treatment
C.the objectivity and reliability of the evaluation
D.the experts involved in the evaluation
65.Which of the following reasons for the ineffectiveness of homeopathic treatments is NOT mentioned in the passage?B
A.Studies about homeopathic treatments were not scientifically accurate.
B.Hahnemann's theories about homeopathic treatments got no response.
C.Conclusions of homeopathic treatments were short of solid evidence.
D.Blind use of homeopathic treatments might put people in danger.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了顺势疗法是最古老的医疗形式和来自欧洲的替代药物.
解答 62.A.细节理解题.根据第一段Among the active ingredients in the bark is quinine(奎宁),which is still used to treat malaria.If a healthy person took cinchona,he or she would have symptoms (症状) of malaria可知顺势疗法指的是给病人服用少量在健康人身上会产生反应的药物;故选A.
63.D.词义猜测题.根据第二段Their assessment was based on the analysis of 57published systematic reviews encompassing 176individual studies可知他们的评价是基于57个的分析发表的系统评价包括176个人的研究,用顺势疗法的利益集团和公众提供证据的独立评估和临床实践指南和其他国家的政府对顺势疗法的研究报告;意为包括包含;故选D.
64.C.推理判断题.根据文章Eventually,the council found no reliable evidence that homeopathic treatments were effective.Studies that did find homeopathy to be effective were overall of poor scientific quality可知当评估顺势疗法时,澳大利亚议会最关心的是客观性和可靠性的评价;故选C.
65.B.细节理解题.根据最后一段Eventually,the council found no reliable evidence that homeopathic treatments were effective.Studies that did find homeopathy to be effective were overall of poor scientific quality,used too few patients or lacked evidence on which to base their conclusions.Rejecting proven medical treatments in favor of homeopathy for chronic or potentially serious conditions could place people at risk可知顺势疗法中无效的原因有对顺势疗法的研究并不科学准确,顺势疗法的结论缺乏确凿的证据和使用顺势疗法可能会使人处于危险之中;故选B.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.