Question

【题目】请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

If you said you were suffering from “burnout” in the early 1970s, you might have raised some eyebrows.

At the time, the term was informally to describe the side effects that heavy drug users experienced.

However, in 1974, a German-American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger found the volunteers at his clinic were struggling, too: their work was tough, and many were lacking in motivation. Freudenberger defined this condition as a state of extreme tiredness caused by constant overwork－and borrowed the term “burnout” to describe it.

Late last month, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the problem will be recognized as a syndrome (综合征) “resulting from workplace stress that has not been successfully managed.”

Feeling the burn so how can you tell if you’re almost burned out?

“A lot of the signs and symptoms of pre-burnout would be very similar to depression,” says Siobhan Murray, a psychotherapist. She suggests looking out for bad habits, such as increased alcohol consumption and relying on sugar to get you through the day. Also watch out for feelings of tiredness that won’t go away or not having the energy to exercise or go for a walk. As soon as you begin to feel this way, Murray advises going to see your doctor. “Depression and pre-burnout are very similar. But it is still classified as an occupational phenomenon which is still best tackled by making lifestyle changes.”

And how do you know if you’re really on the edge of burnout? “Stress is really important, and anxiety is what motivates us to do well,” says Murray. “It’s when we’re continually exposed to stress and anxiety that it starts to turn into burnout.”

You’re pre-burnout: What’s next?

“Sometimes they feel the need to be too perfect so they’re having to work very hard to cover up that they’re not quite as good as everyone thinks.” Another therapist Walker says.

However, sometimes the work environment is the problem. According to a 2018 study of 7,500 US workers, burnout comes from unfair treatment at work, an unmanageable workload and not knowing what a person’s role should involve. Workers were also stressed out by a lack of support from their manager and punreasonable time pressure.

Whatever the cause of your burnout, Murray’s top tip is to be kind to yourself.

In Murray’s experience, a key driver of burnout is today’s culture of wanting it all. Often it’s just not possible to have a healthy social life and complete a big project at the same time. She says it’s vital to prioritize and not expect too much of yourself; when others seem like the perfect boss, parent and friend all at the same time, they’re probably misleading us.

If you feel that you might be close to joining the burnout club, take a step back, figure out what’s going wrong－and let yourself off the hook.

Outline	Details
【1】in the explanation of burnout	In the early 1970s, it referred to the side effects of drug 【2】. Freudenberger used it to describe the state of those 【3】 volunteers under overworking conditions. WHO will recognize it as a syndrome arising from the 【4】 to manage stress.
Symptoms of burnout	It shares some 【5】 with depression, such as tiredness and 【6】 of energy, due to people's continual exposure to stress and anxiety.
Causes of burnout	People are unwilling to admit that they are 【7】 Companies can’t 【8】favorable working conditions.
Approaches to 【9】. burnout	Be 【10】to yourself: accept what you are; step away from it.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】Changes/Differences

【2】abuse/addiction

【3】tired/exhausted

【4】failure

【5】similarities

【6】lack/overuse

【7】imperfect

【8】provide/offer /offord

【9】avoiding

【10】kind

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 “精力耗尽”这个词的定义和相应症状，造成这种症状的原因以及提出避免的方法。

【1】考察概括总结。由文章前三段以及所填空表格右边的内容可知，讲的是burnout在不同时期的不同解释，因此填Changes或Differences。

【2】考察同义替换。原文第一段即指出，在70年代burnout指的是重度吸毒者遭受的副作用，因此heavy drug users这里转换为drugabuse/addiction。

【3】考察同义替换。原文第三段a state of extreme tiredness caused by constant overwork可知，是指人们因为不断超负荷工作而劳累，而本题所填空在volunteers前，应该是形容词，因此讲tiredness转换为tired/exhausted。

【4】考察同义替换。原文第四段最后一行stress that has not been successfully managed可知，是指没能处理好压力，而本题所填空应该是名词，固定搭配fail to do表示未能做成某事，此处转换为名词failure。

【5】考察同义替换。原文第六段第一行be very similar to depression可知，burnout和depression很相似，而所填空应该是名词，固定搭配share similarities with …表示和…很类似，因此填similarities。

【6】考察同义替换，原文第六段第三行需要酒精get you through the day 和not having the energy可知，觉得自己没有精力，或者是精力被过度消耗，所填空为名词，因此填lack或overuse。

【7】考察同义替换。原文倒数第五段可知，人们被要求很完美，因此努力去做到别人想的那样，即人们不愿意承认自己的不完美，本空应填形容词，因此填imperfect。

【8】考察同义替换，原文倒数第四段the work environment is the problem和后面具体的unfair treatment at work, an unmanageable workload and not knowing what a person's role should involve可知，公司没能提供有利的工作环境，所填空应该是动词，因此填provide/offer /afford。

【9】考察概括总结。由文章最后两段内容可知，要接纳自己，不要给自己过多的压力过多的期待，是在介绍避免burnout的方法，且固定搭配approach to doing,因此填avoiding。

【10】考察原词重现。原文倒数第三段Murray建议要be kind to yourself，因此填kind。

本篇任务型主要考察较为简单的同意替换，除了5题和7题可能稍有难度，因为考生可能不知道所考的固定搭配或不知道perfect的反义词是imperfect，其余题目难度不大，整体属于较为简单的任务型。