题目内容
4.Can people change their skin color without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson?Perhaps yes.Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.The gene comes in two versions,one of which is found in 99percent of Europeans.The other is found in 93to 100percent of Africans,researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.
Scientists have changed the color of a dark-striped zebra-fish(斑马鱼) to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment (色素) gene into a young fish.As with humans,zebra-fish skin color is determined by pigment cells,which contain melanin (黑色素).The number,size and darkness of melanin per pigment cell determine skin color.
It appears that,like the golden zebra-fish,light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation (变异) in the gene for melanin production.This results in less pigmented skin.
However,Keith Cheng,leader of the research team,points out that the mutation is different in human and zebra-fish genes.
Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun (太阳光紫外线),which can cause skin cancer.
But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes,they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D.So the related gene changes,according to Cheng.
Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans,so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin color,said Cheng.
The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer.It also could lead to research into ways to change skin color without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.
57.It can be inferred from the passage thatC.
A.the new discovery couldn't help to find medical treatments for skin cancer.
B.Europeans and Africans have the same gene.
C.nowadays people who want to change their skin color have to suffer a lot from the damage caused by the chemical treatment.
D.there are two kinds of genes.
58.Scientists have done an experiment on a dark-striped zebra-fish in order toA.
A.prove the humans'skin color is determined by the pigment gene.
B.find the different genes of humans'.
C.find out the reason why the Africans'skin color is dark.
D.find out the ways of changing people's skin color.
59.The reason why Europeans are light-skinned is probably thatB.
A.they are born light-skinned people.
B.light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanin production.
C.they have fewer activities outside.
D.they pay much attention to protecting their skin.
60.The passage mainly tells us thatD.
A.people can not change their skin color without any pain.
B.the new discovery could lead to research into ways to change skin color safely.
C.pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin color as he liked.
D.scientists have found out that people's skin color is determined by the gene.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章向我们说明了科学家们通过研究发现人们的肤色是由基因决定的,欧洲人因为生产黑色素的基因发生突变而呈现出浅颜色的皮肤.
解答 57.C 推理判断题,根据第六段Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun (太阳光紫外线),which can cause skin cancer.可知现在想改变肤色的人会在化学疗法中获得很多伤害,故选C.
58.A 细节理解题,根据第三段As with humans,zebra-fish skin color is determined by pigment cells,which contain melanin (黑色素).The number,size and darkness of melanin per pigment cell determine skin color.可知科学家们在一条深色条纹的斑马线上做了一个实验是为了向我们证明人类的肤色是由色素基因决定的,故选A.
59.B 细节理解题,根据第四段It appears that,like the golden zebra-fish,light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation (变异) in the gene for melanin production.This results in less pigmented skin.可知皮肤浅的欧洲人在黑色素生成的基因中有突变,因此他们的皮肤颜色浅,故选B.
60.D 主旨大意题,他的全文可知本文主要向我们介绍了科学家们发现人们的肤色是由基因决定的,故选D.
点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.
A. | what; that | B. | that; what | C. | which; what | D. | when; which |
She murmured that the paper was her booklist and that she was going around (2)C money to buy her schoolbooks.My children went inside and brought some (3)D for her.This kind of incident happens very often in my hometown,(4)C during Christmas.
From where I was seated,I could see her clearly.She looked about ten years old and she wore a dress too big for her.She spoke in a (5)B voice and looked at me straight in the eye.Something made me get up and (6)B her.
In answer to my questions,she said that her mother made hoppers and she (7)A them before going to school.But the hopper money was not adequate to (8)C the list; therefore,she was going from house to house asking for help.
Her voice told me the story; her eyes told me that it was (9)B.I said I'd buy her what was on the list.
We drove to a nearby bookstore.She sat (10)D,with a strange look on her face.When the clerk was taking all the things on the list,the little girl kept staring as if confused.Perhaps she had never (11)A so many new things before.They were merely exercise books,pencils,pens and such things.She whispered her (12)C to us.Strange,I hadn't been aware that giving such (13)A things to one in need,could bring me such a lot of happiness.
As we drove back,I could see the little girl in the mirror.All the gifts I had given in my life never
(14)A up a face so much.She was grasping the parcel,smiling to herself.The total event made us all very (15)B.Our Christmas became more meaningful.
1.A.problem | B.sight | C.moment | D.experience |
2.A.borrowing | B.receiving | C.begging | D.lending |
3.A.clothes | B.books | C.food | D.coins |
4.A.absolutely | B.casually | C.especially | D.hardly |
5.A.strange | B.polite | C.serious | D.loud |
6.A.care for | B.speak to | C.smile at | D.hold to |
7.A.sold | B.needed | C.collected | D.used |
8.A.buy | B.make | C.cover | D.control |
9.A.painful | B.true | C.moving | D.interesting |
10.A.happily | B.eagerly | C.anxiously | D.silently |
11.A.possessed | B.bought | C.seen | D.accepted |
12.A.surprise | B.satisfaction | C.thanks | D.pleasure |
13.A.simple | B.wonderful | C.expensive | D.useful |
14.A.lit | B.made | C.put | D.shut |
15.A.confused | B.delighted | C.amazed | D.relieved |