题目内容
2.The current Ebola (埃博拉病毒) outbreak in western and central Africa has infected at least 3,069 people,including 1,552 dead,making it the largest outbreak in history.Ebola is a deadly virus-about 60percent of people infected with it have died.How is Ebola doing its harm?
When a person becomes infected with Ebola,the virus damages the body's immune (免疫的) cells,which defend against infection,said a researcher at Lancaster University.But if a person's immune system can stand up to this attack,then he is more likely to survive the disease.
The patients that survive it best are those who don't get such a bad disadvantage in immune system.But if the body isn't able to get rid of this attack,then the immune system becomes less able to regulate (调节) itself.This means the immune system is more likely to run out of control,leading to a drop in blood pressure,multi-organ failure and eventually death.
What are the common symptoms of the disease?
Fever.Headache.Joint and muscle aches.Weakness.Diarrhea.Vomiting.Stomach pain.Lack of appetite.Chills.Rash.Redness in the eyes.Hiccups.Cough.Sore throat.Chest pain.Difficult breathing or swallowing.Bleeding inside and outside of the body.
How to prevent the spread of Ebola?
Ebola can be spread primarily via direct contact with patients,specifically the blood and fluids of an infected patient.
We should avoid contact with infected patients and objects such as clothing,bedding,and needles used by them.Avoid areas where infections have been reported.For now,the disease has only been confirmed in central and West Africa,four cases in America and Europe.Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat.Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals,probably through the meat of primates(灵长类).If you're in an area where the disease has been reported,avoid purchasing,eating,or handling wild game to stay on the safe side.
Wear protective medical clothing if you're around infected patients.Extreme caution is necessary.Hospital workers must use masks,gloves,goggles,and gowns,which needed to be worn at all times if you're around infected patients.
How Do People Survive Ebola?
Doctors don't know for certain who will survive Ebola,and there is no specific treatment or cure for the disease.Although in the minority,some people do recover from infection.
Our suggestions include:
Maintain your electrolytes (电解质) and body liquid.Sports drinks can be used.Monitor your blood pressure and control it if necessary.Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection.Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment.Quickly address any symptoms of infection.Be honest about when and where you're feeling pain.
46.Ebola causes the death of a human being byC.
A.attacking him with high fever
B.regulating his immune system
C.damaging his immune cells
D.harming all his organs directly
47.What is NOT mentioned as the symptom of EbolaD?
A.Fever and chills.
B.Swallowing difficulty.
C.Loss of blood.
D.High blood pressure.
48.In order not to be infected by Ebola,we shouldB.
A.have the clothing of the infected cleaned
B.avoid eating wild animals like monkeys
C.not travel to Africa,America or Europe
D.stay at home without going anywhere
49.It is true thatA.
A.a certain number of people survive Ebola
B.human has found a special cure for Ebola
C.oxygen can save infected people's lives
D.low blood pressure is surely caused by Ebola.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了埃博拉病毒,当一个人被埃博拉感染的时候,病毒就伤害了体内的免疫细胞,研究者怀疑疾病是由动物传染给人的,很可能是通过灵长类的肉传染,因此作者提醒人们要避免吃野生野味.
解答 46.C 细节理解题,根据第二段When a person becomes infected with Ebola,the virus damages the body's immune (免疫的) cells,which defend against infection,said a researcher at Lancaster University.可知当一个人被埃博拉病毒感染时,病毒就伤害了他身体中的免疫细胞,故选C.
47.D 细节理解题,根据第四段Fever.Headache.Joint and muscle aches.Weakness.Diarrhea.Vomiting.Stomach pain.Lack of appetite.Chills.Rash.Redness in the eyes.Hiccups.Cough.Sore throat.Chest pain.Difficult breathing or swallowing.Bleeding inside and outside of the body.可知文章中提到了埃博拉的症状有发烧,冷,呼吸或吞咽困难,血流到身体外面,而没有提到高血压,故选D.
48.B 推理判断题,根据第六段Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat.Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals,probably through the meat of primates(灵长类).可知应该避免吃野生野味,研究人员怀疑疾病是通过动物传染给人的,可能是通过灵长类的肉来传染,故选B.
49.A 推理判断题,根据倒数第二段Although in the minority,some people do recover from infection.可知有少数人从埃博拉中恢复,误解分析:there is no specific treatment or cure for the disease;Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment;Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection可知现在还没有方法来治愈埃博拉,氧气只是一种建议,血压下降是因为感染,因此B,C,D错;故选A.
点评 考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力.做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择.在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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