题目内容

13.Be careful what you say around your dog.It might understand more than you think.
A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200objects,say researchers in Germany.The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child.Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).
In one experiment,the researchers took all 200items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20groups of 10objects.Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back.In four tests,Rico got 37out of 40commands right.As the dog couldn't see anyone to get clues,the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.
In another experiment,the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew.The owner then told Rico to fetch the object,using a word the dog had never heard before.
The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0tests,suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination(排除法).A month later,Rico remembered half of the new names,which is even more impressive.
Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog.For one thing,Rico is a border collie,a breed (品种)known for its mental abilities.In addition,the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.
It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say.Even if they do,they can't talk back.Still,it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then.You might just get a big,wet kiss in return!

72.From paragraph 2we know thatC.
A.animals are as clever as human beings
B.dogs are smarter than parrots and chimpanzees
C.chimpanzees have good word-learning skills
D.dogs have similar learning abilities as 3-year-old children
73.Both experiments show thatB.
A.Rico is smart enough to get all commands right
B.Rico can recognize different things including toys
C.Rico has developed the ability of learning mathematics
D.Rico won't forget the names of objects once recognizing them
74.Which of the following statements is true?B
A.The purpose of the experiments is to show the border collie's mental abilities.
B.Rico has a better memory partly because of its proper early training.
C.The border collie is world-famous for recognizing objects.
D.Rico is born to understand its owner's commands.
75.What does the writer want to tell us in the last paragraph?D
A.To train your dog.
B.To talk to your dog.
C.To be friendly to your dog.
D.To be careful with your dog.

分析 讲述了一些科学家们有趣的最新发现,即小狗能理解人们的意思,并能做出相应判断的能力.文章通过一系列的测试证明了此观点.

解答 72.答案:C 本题考查细节理解.根据原文Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).间接表达了黑猩猩的学习能力比较强.所以选C.
73.答案:B 本题考查细节理解.根据原文的第一个实验:As the dog couldn't see anyone to get clues,the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.根据原文的第二个实验:The correctobject was chosen in seven out of l0 tests,suggesting that the dog had worked out the answer by process of elimination可以说明小狗能够辨识以前未曾看到的物品.所以答案选择B.
74.答案:B 本题考查细节理解.根据原文In addition,the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.可以推断出这只狗早前就受到良好的训练,所以才比别的够稍微聪明一些.
75.答案:D 本文最后一段:It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say.Even if they do,they can't talk back.Still,it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then.You might just get a big,wet kiss in return!可知我们要小心对待我们的狗故选D

点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点.

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3.The iPhone,the iPad,each of Apple's products sounds cool and has become a fashion.Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter"i"-and many other brands are following suit.The BBC's iPlayer-which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet-adopted the title in 2008.A lovely bear-popular in the US and UK-that plays music and video is called"iTeddy".A slimmed-down version of London's Independent newspaper was launched last week under the name"i".
In general,single-letter prefixes have been popular since the 1990s,when terms such as e-mail and e-commerce first came into use.
Most"i"products are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of Independent's"i",it's no surprise that they've selected this fashionable name.
But it's hard to see what's so special about the letter"i".Why not use"a","b",or"c"instead?According to Tony Thorne,head of the Language Center at King's College,London,"i"works because its meaning has become ambiguous.When Apple uses"i",no one knows whether it means Internet,information,individual or interactive,Thorne told BBC Magazines."Even when Apple created the iPod,it seems it didn't have one clear definition,"he says.
"However,thanks to Apple,the term is now associated with portability (轻便)."adds Thorne.
Clearly the letter"i"also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual.Each person believes they have their own needs,and we love personalized products for this reason.
Along with"Google"and"blog",readers of BBC Magazines voted"i"as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade.
But as history shows,people grow tired of fads(一时的狂热).From the 1900s to 1990s,products with"2000"in their names became fashionable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern.However,as we entered the new century,the trend eventually disappeared.
72.People use iPlayer toC.
A.listen to music                           
B.make a call
C.watch TV programs online                  
D.play computer games
73.We can infer that the Independent's"i"is aimed atB.
A.fashionable women      B.young readers       C.old readers      D.engineers
74.Nowadays,the"i"term often reminds people of the products which areD.
A.environmentally friendly  B.advanced     C.recyclable   D.portable   
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A.the popularity of"i"products may not last long
B."i"products are often of high quality
C.iTeddy is a live bear popular in the US and UK
D.the letter"b"replaces letter"i"to name the products.
4.Stop wasting you time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings.Instead,realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born.Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.
The seeds,and the power to grow them,are contained in the human mind.Success is a choice and not a chance.You can be a success only if you make the right choice.
You cannot be successful without first developing you self-esteem(自尊).Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself,and thus over you life.People with low self-esteem do not believe that they have any power,or responsibility for their lives.They are leaves tossed(摇摆)by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.
You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for whatever happens in your life.Failures think that everything happens by accident while successful people realize that they are responsible.
Everything happens as a result of something.If we can identify the cause,we can control the effect.We are responsible for what we consciously choose to accept and believe.
Thoughts and beliefs cause everything.Our attitudes and actions are a result of habits existing in us over a period of time.One generally rises to the level that one expects.We are responsible for setting our expectations.Our success depends upon our level of confidence.We are responsible for either forming good habits or kicking bad habits.
If you associate with positive-thinking people,you are definitely going to achieve success.On the contrary,the opposite happens.We are responsible for finding,planting,and nurturing(培育)the seeds that contain future victory,born from setbacks.
In short,in all areas of your life,whether they are financial,physical,emotional,or spiritual,you are responsible.Once you recognize this,accept it,and firmly believe it,you are on the road to success.

59.People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because theyD.
A.are ready to change their minds
B.are easily affected by windy weather
C.don't have the power to face their fate
D.can't exercise control over themselves
60.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5thatA
A.whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes
B.developing confidence is the key to future success
C.thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mind
D.setting our expectations is essential before taking action
61.The last paragraph serves asB.
A.the proof of the author's points
B.the conclusion of the argument
C.an introduction to another topic
D.a comparison between two views
62.Which is the best title for the text?A
A.Success is a choice
B.The secrets of success
C.Develop our confidence
D.How to achieve success.
1.Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behaviour when they are watched.Do you?
A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act.Even images of eyes on a charity donation,collection box encourage people to be unselfish,because people put more money in a collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box.
Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin,the authors of a new study,found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behaviour.Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously,or without realizing it.
It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched.A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish.When other fish are around,it is gentler.When no other fish are around,however,the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.
The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched.This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster.On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing,it appeared,to the person who was looking at the poster.Under the picture was the caption'I Want You'It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.

68.According to the report,why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?D
A.He does not want to be shamed by others.
B.He needs to show he is a good person.
C.He desires others to like him more.
D.He feels he will receive some social reward.
69.What is the text mainly about?A
A.It describes changed behaviour when observed.
B.It details ways to control people's behaviour.
C.It tells how to make people work harder.
D.It discusses different advertising methods.
70.Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?B
A.In a newspaper.
B.In a scientific journal.
C.In an advertising magazine.
D.In a science textbook.
8.Bad moods can actually be good for you-an Australian study finds that being sad makes people less possible to be taken in,improves their ability to judge others and also improves memory.
The study,carried out by psychology professor Joseph Forgas at the University of New South Wales,showed that people in a negative mood were more critical of,and paid more attention to their surroundings than happier people,who were more likely to believe anything they were told."Although positive mood seems to promote creativity,flexibility,cooperation,negative moods lead to more attentive,careful thinking and encourage people to pay greater attention to the outside world,"Forgas wrote."Our research suggests that sadness promotes information processing strategies best suited to dealing with more demanding situations."
For the study,Forgas and his team conducted several experiments that started with inducing (引起,导致)happy or sad moods in participants through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.In one of the experiments,happy and sad participants were asked to judge the truth of urban myths and rumors and found that people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements.People in a bad mood were also less likely to make quick decisions based on racial or religious prejudices(偏见),and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed.
The study also found that sad people were better at stating their case through written arguments.Forgas said this showed that a negative mood may actually promote a clearer and more successful communication style."
"Positive mood is not universally desirable:people in negative mood are less prone to judgmental errors,and are better at producing high-quality,effective persuasive arguments"Forgas wrote.

56.According to the text,people in a bad mood are more likely toA.
A.judge other people more exactly
B.believe anything they are told
C.make quick decisions based on prejudices
D make mistakes when asked to describe an event
57.We can learn from the text that Joseph ForgasD.
A.carried out the experiments alone
B.is a psychology professor in Britain
C.likes to deal with demanding situations in life
D believes bad moods might benefit people's health
58.In what way did Joseph Forgas conclude the study?A
A.By comparison
B.By explanation
C.By analysis
D By inference
59.The text is mainly aboutC
A.how to change bad moods into good moods
B.the differences between good and bad moods.
C.benefits of bad moods
D how to beat bad moods.

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