Question

【题目】Sputnik Ⅰ was the first artificial satellite.It can be described as an aluminium ball with diameter (直径) of 58 centimetres and weighing 83.6 kilograms, equipped with instruments to measure the temperature and the density (密度) of the atmosphere.Sputnik Ⅰ was launched into orbit around the Earth by the former Soviet Union on 4 October, 1957.Since then, hundreds of artificial satellites have been launched, each with a different purpose.

Some artificial satellites are used for telecommunications, which enable us to make telephone calls to any part of the world, to see live television transmissions and to communicate via the Internet.Other artificial satellites are used for navigation (导航), so that people on Earth can know at any moment the position of an object, within a few metres.Others are weather satellites, launched to observe the state of the atmosphere and to follow the movement of the clouds as they gather.There are also military satellites, for the purpose of gathering information on the weapons and the troops in countries which may be unfriendly and also to indicate the launch of a missile (导弹)．

Each satellite has its own orbit which is selected according to its purpose.Communications satellites, for example, have a geostationary (与地球相对同步的) orbit.That is an orbit which turns at the same speed as the turning round of the Earth.Satellites used for weather forecasting pass over the two poles of the Earth.By doing so, a different part of the Earth’s surface is viewed on each successive orbit.All artificial satellites get the energy they need by huge solar panels which extend like wings.These are therefore controlled in such a way that they are always turned toward the Sun.

【1】The first manmade satellite was sent into space to ________.

A. do research on weather

B. communicate

C. show directions

D. broadcast TV programs

【2】Which kind of satellites has the same turning speed as the earth according to the passage?

A. Military satellites.

B. Weather satellites.

C. Satellites for communicating.

D. Experiment satellites.

【3】What’s the same character all satellites share?

A. Circling the earth at the same speed.

B. Providing useful information with the same purpose.

C. Having the same round shape with advanced instruments.

D. Getting energy from the Sun.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【解析】

本文是一篇科普说明文，作者从第一颗人造卫星切入，介绍了多种人造卫星的目的用途以及各自的特点。

【1】细节理解题。根据文章第二句.It can be described as an aluminium ball with diameter (直径) of 58 centimetres and weighing 83.6 kilograms, equipped with instruments to measure the temperature and the density (密度) of the atmosphere.可知第一颗人造卫星是用来监测大气温度和密度的，是对天气情况进行的研究。故A项正确。

【2】细节理解题。根据文章第三段2、3句Communications satellites, for example, have a geostationary (与地球相对同步的) orbit. That is an orbit which turns at the same speed as the turning round of the Earth.可知通讯卫星的轨道和地球同步，和地球的转速一样。故C项正确。

【3】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句These are therefore controlled in such a way that they are always turned toward the Sun.可知所有的卫星都朝向太阳，因为它们需要从太阳吸收能量。故D项正确。