[题目] The Mars 2020 rover(02W), which sets off for the Red Planet this year, will not only search for traces of ancient life, but pave the way for future human missions, NASA scientists said Friday as 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

【题目】 The Mars 2020 rover(02W), which sets off for the Red Planet this year, will not only search for traces of ancient life, but pave the way for future human missions, NASA scientists said Friday as they introduced the vehicle.

The rover has been constructed in a large, sterile room at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, near Los Angeles, where its driving equipment was given its first successful test last week.

Shown to invited journalists on Friday, it is scheduled to leave Earth in July 2020 from Floridas Cape Canaveral, becoming the fifth US rover to land on Mars seven months later in February.

“It's designed to seek the signs of life, so we’re carrying a number of different instruments that will help us understand the geological and chemical context on the surface of Mars,” deputy mission leader Matt Wallace told AFP.

Among the devices on board the rover are 23 cameras, two “ears” that will allow it to listen to Martian winds, and lasers used for chemical analysis.

Approximately the size of a car, the rover is equipped with six wheels like the former US rover, Curiosity, allowing it to travel along rocky land.

Speed is not a priority for the vehicle, which only has to cover around 200 yards(180 metres) per Martian day -approximately the same as a day on Earth.

Fuelled by a tiny nuclear reactor, Mars 202(has seven-foot-long(2 metres) articulated arms and a drill to crack open rock samples in locations scientists identify as potentially suitable for life.

We are hoping to move fairly quickly. We'd like to see the next mission launched in 2026 which will get to Mars and pick up the samples, put them into a rocket and finally bring them back to the Earth, "said Wallace. NASA’s Mars 2020 will remain active for at least one Martian year, which is around two years on Earth.

【1】What does the underlined part “pave the way” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.Making preparationsB.Finding suitable landing sites

C.Setting up research centers.D.Constructing roads.

【2】What can we know about the Mars 2020 rover?

A.It looks much like a car with six wheels.

B.It is an updated of the US rover Curiosity.

C.It is solar-powered and can crack open rock samples.

D.It is able to perform different tasks on Mars in search of the signs of life

【3】If you search the passage on the website of China Daily, where can you probably find it?

A.LifestyleB.Regional

C.WorldD.Culture

【4】What is the main idea of the passage?

A.The Mars 2020 rover has successfully passed its first driving test.

B.NASA is planning a new round of space exploration

C.Future human missions on Mars are on the way

D.A new rover will be launched to carry out scientific research on Mars

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了美国宇航局科学家上周五介绍火星2020漫游者（02W）时表示，今年启程前往火星，它不仅将寻找古代生命的痕迹，而且将为未来的人类任务做好准备。同时介绍了这一款火星探测器的一些情况。

【1】

词义猜测题。结合后文for future human missions可知火星2020漫游者不仅将寻找古代生命的痕迹，而且将为未来的人类任务做好准备。由此可知，划线短语“pave the way”意思为“做好准备”。故选A。

【2】

细节理解题。根据第四段“It's designed to seek the signs of life, so we’re carrying a number of different instruments that will help us understand the geological and chemical context on the surface of Mars,” deputy mission leader Matt Wallace told AFP.可知“这是为了寻找生命迹象而设计的，所以我们携带了许多不同的仪器，这些仪器将帮助我们了解火星表面的地质和化学环境，”副任务负责人Matt Wallace告诉法新社。由此可知，火星2020漫游者能够在火星上执行不同的任务，寻找生命的迹象。故选D。

【3】

推理判断题。根据文章主要说明了美国宇航局科学家上周五介绍火星2020漫游者（02W）时表示，今年启程前往火星，它不仅将寻找古代生命的痕迹，而且将为未来的人类任务做好准备。同时介绍了这一款火星探测器的一些情况。这属于国外科技类文章，结合选项可推知，如果你在中国日报的网站上搜索这篇文章，你可能会在“World(世界)”部分找到它。故选C。

【4】

主旨大意题。根据第一段The Mars 2020 rover(02W), which sets off for the Red Planet this year, will not only search for traces of ancient life, but pave the way for future human missions, NASA scientists said Friday as they introduced the vehicle.可知美国宇航局科学家上周五介绍火星2020漫游者（02W）时表示，今年启程前往火星，它不仅将寻找古代生命的痕迹，而且将为未来的人类任务做好准备。同时介绍了这一款火星探测器的一些情况。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是一个新的漫游者将被发射到火星上进行科学研究。故选D。

练习册系列答案

The difficult situation of the koala — a national symbol of Australia — has raised questions among environmentalists and scientists about what it will take to protect biodiversity (生物多样性) in a country with intense fire, extreme heat and lack of water. Australia has already been among the highest rates of species extinction in the world.

The bad situation goes beyond koalas. Recently, tens of thousands of bats fell from the sky in temperatures over 107 degrees Fahrenheit in northern Australia. Kangaroos destroyed the grapes in Canberra because of drought.

“Climate change and other human impacts have so changed the situation that the government needs to rethink its way to protect at once,” Dr. Bowman said, suggesting interventions (干预) like irrigating, feeding and moving animals to new places.

Koalas, unlike kangaroos, birds or snakes, do not escape from fires. Therefore, though the fires are still burning, a rescue team began to search the area carefully. Walking in a human chain, they looked up to the tree top, searching for survivors.

【1】What do the victims in the first paragraph refer to?

A.Animals injured in fires.

B.Kangaroos driven by drought.

C.Bats that fell from the sky.

D.Koalas rescued from the fire.

【2】Which of the following may cause the extinction of wildlife?

A.Wildfires that seldom happened.

B.Extreme hot weather in Australia.

C.The never-changing climate in Australia.

D.Not having enough money to take measures in Australia.

【3】What can we draw from Dr. Bowman?

A.Human activities have little influence on animals.

B.The government should take immediate action.

C.The government does not care about the wild animals.

D.Scientists are concerned about the bad situation of wildlife.

【4】What’s the best title for the text?

A.Saving the Fire Victims Who Cannot Escape: Australia’s Koalas

B.Saving the Endangered Wild Animals in Australia

C.Actions Needed to Protect Habitat for Koalas

D.National Symbol of Australia Needs Rescue

【题目】What ____ an excellent player from an average one is that the former learns from his errors, while the latter repeats them.

A.definesB.describesC.differentiatesD.discourages

【题目】 Why elephants rarely get cancer is a mystery that has confused scientists for decades. A study led by researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI), at the University of Utah and Arizona State University may have found the answer.

According to the results, elephants have 38 additional modified copies of a gene that encodes p53, a definite tumor suppressor, as compared to humans, who have only two. Further, elephants may have a more powerful mechanism for killing damaged cells that are at risk for becoming cancerous. In isolated elephant cells, this activity is doubled compared to healthy human cells, and five times that of cells from patients with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, who have only one working copy of p53 and more than a 90 percent lifetime cancer risk in children and adults. The results suggest extra p53 could explain elephants’ increased resistance to cancer.

“Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer. It’s up to us to learn how different animals overcome the problem so we can adapt those strategies to prevent cancer in people,” says co-senior author Joshua Schiffman, M.D., pediatric oncologist (儿科肿瘤医生) at Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine.

But Prof Mel Greaves, from the Institute of Cancer Research in London, says we should focus on why humans have such high levels of cancer. He pointed to the rise of unhealthy, cancer-causing behaviors, such as obesity and sunbathing. “You’ve never seen an elephant smoke!” he added.

According to Schiffman, elephants have long been considered a walking problem. Because they have 100 times as many cells as people, they should be 100 times more likely to have a cell slip into a cancerous state and cause the disease over their long life span of 50 to 70 years. And yet analysis of a large database of elephant deaths estimates a cancer death rate of less than 5 percent compared to 11 to 25 percent in people.

【1】Why are elephants less likely to get cancer than humans?

A.Elephants are bigger than humans.

B.Elephants have more p53 genes and mechanism killing damaged cells.

C.Elephants are not as clever as humans in walking.

D.Elephants eat more than humans.

【2】Which of the following can be the equivalent of the underlined word “suppressor”?

A.multiplierB.complexC.restrainerD.coordinator

【3】What’s Prof Mel Greaves’ attitude towards the discovery?

A.Doubtful.B.Neutral.C.Critical.D.Favorable.

【4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.Elephants have longer life than people.

B.There is no chance that elephants die from cancer.

C.The rate of elephants dying from cancer is increasing.

D.It was thought theoretically that elephants could get cancer more easily.

【题目】 In 2012, Mary Davis, who works at an enrichment center .for young children, and her husband, Ari Kadin, who is in property management, were expecting their first child when Davis miscarried （流产）. They were desperately heartbroken. But the couple, who were volunteering with adults in a Skid Row homeless shelter, refused to let their heartbreak break them.

"In 2013, our child would have been one year old,” says Davis, 38, "and we kept seeing these kids at the shelter, and I said to my husband, 'We couldn't throw a birthday party for our child, so let's do it for these kids. '"

They took over a room in the Union Rescue Mission and filled it with streamers （飘带）， gifts, a cake — all the makings of a great party. Since then, the couple has thrown a party every month. They routinely attract 250 kids and their parents. An hour before each party, volunteers arrive to set up the decorations and activities: face painting, balloon artists, a DJ, cake, and pizza. There are small presents for the kids celebrating their birthdays that month, but Davis makes sure there are more than enough to go around.

"I remember a mom came with her two kids," Davis says, “and her child had a birthday. We had an extra gift for her—pink headphones. The little girl was so excited that she was jumping up and down. And her mom …she's crying, 'Yesterday was her birthday. I had nothing to give her. I really didn't expect a birthday party for my child.'"

Doing her best to normalize（使正常化）these kids' lives is both heartwarming and bittersweet. Davis says, "If you look down, you see so many homeless people on the street, which reminds you that these kids don't get to leave this area after the party. "It may be why, after throwing 88 parties, she still cries after each one.

【1】Why did the couple volunteer in a Skid Row homeless shelter in 2013?

A.Because they love children.

B.Because they are warm-hearted.

C.Because they enjoy the procedure of helping others.

D.Because they didn't want to be stuck in the pain of loss.

【2】What do we learn from the passage?

A.Davis' child is 8 years old now.

B.The kids' parents are volunteers in the shelter.

C.Davis always prepares to get more presents for the kids.

D.The mother was very grateful to the couple for what they did for her kid.

【3】How long have the couple volunteered to hold parties for the kids according to the passage?

A.Less than 6 years.

B.Less than 7 years.

C.Nearly 7 and a half years.

D.Nearly 8 years.

【4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.The kids won't leave the shelter after the party.

B.Davis doesn't want the kids to be homeless again.

C.Davis always sees many homeless people on the street.

D.Davis cries after each party because she suffers a lot in the volunteer activities.

【题目】 A decade ago, colored lights danced around the living room on New Year's Eve and happy music was played. Upstairs, the children were asleep. But I wasn't feeling happy. In mid-December, my husband and I had been informed that he had cancer and that he was going to die. He had less than a year left, the doctors said.

In the years since that painful season, I have come to look back upon New Year's Eve as an ending and a beginning. New Year's Eve brings a halt to the endless commitments that fill our daily lives and a chance to reflect.

New Year's Eve is full of possibility and anticipation. What will be the surprising experiences and delightful successes in the coming year? But also, what disappointments are waiting for us in the next twelve months?

In many ways, New Year's Eve and the days that surround it are a line between past and future. That line is made up of a series of moments of transition that take us out of the old and into the new. Transition can be challenging for many of us. It's about letting go of the familiar and diving headlong （迅猛地） into the unfamiliar.

Just as, back then, I had to face letting go of the life I had led with my beloved husband and stepping into a new world as a widowed （丧偶的） mom. I find that each year I have to step out of the version of me that suited the year that is ending and ease into the version of me who will rise to the goals I am holding for myself for the year ahead.

Last year at this time, I sat in a chair in southern France and drank in the stillness and beauty of the countryside around me. The three children and I had brought into this world talked and laughed around the table beside me as we enjoyed a lunch of bread and cheese.

I was filled with a sense of joy and I had a glowing heart that was full of hope. It was another ending and another beginning. May we all transition into the best of what lies ahead. May we all find happiness this holiday season.

【1】What does the underlined word “halt” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.Stop.B.Beginning.

C.Meaning.D.Tradition.

【2】What does the author think people should do at new year?

A.Set challenging goals for the next year.

B.Break with daily routines and form a new habit.

C.Spend more time with family members.

D.Think about the past and get ready for the future.

【3】What is the author's attitude toward the future?

A.Calm.B.Indifferent.

C.Doubtful.D.Expectant.

【4】What is the main purpose of the article?

A.To memorialize her husband.

B.To show how she got through a hard time.

C.To share her view of New Year's Eve.

D.To remind us that uncertainty is part of life.

【题目】

In the last seven days I have seen the pressure that the NHS is under. I have seen the personal courage not just of the doctors and nurses but of everyone, the cleaners, the 【1】(cook), the health care workers of every description-physios, radiographers 【2】have kept coming to work, kept putting themselves in harm's way, kept 【3】(risk) this deadly virus. It is thanks to that courage, that devotion, that duty and that love that our NHS has been unbeatable.

The Arctic Ocean in summer will very likely be ice free before 2050, at least temporally. The research team 【4】 (analyze) recent results from 40 different climate models. Using these models, the researchers considered the future evolution of Arctic sea ice cover in a scenario with high future CO2 emissions and little climate protection. As 【5】(expect), Arctic sea ice disappeared quickly in summer in these simulations.

However, the new study finds that Arctic summer sea ice also disappears occasionally if CO2 emissions are 【6】(rapid) reduced.

In order to understand【7】 bird brains changed, a team of 37 scientists used CT scan data to create endocasts(内腔)of hundreds of birds and dinosaurs, which the【8】(combine)with a large existing database of brain measurements from modern birds.

They then analyzed brain-body allometry (体形变). “There is no clear line 【9】the brains of advanced dinosaurs and primitive birds,”【10】(note) co-author Dr. Amy Balanoff of Johns Hopkins University." Birds like pigeons have the same brains sizes you would expect for a dinosaur of the same body size, and in fact some species like moa(恐鸟) have smaller-than-expected brains.”

【题目】Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学的学生张华，你们学校暑假里将有英国姐妹学校的交流生来访，你主动申请接待其中一位。学校目前推荐了四项活动：看电影、吃中餐、参加一项学生校外社团活动（自定）、参观一个上海的景点（自定）。请向负责老师写一份申请信。

内容包括：

1. 你的“活动计划”（从上述四个选项中任选两样）；

2. 你的理由。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【题目】 If you’re looking forward to visiting a national park in the United States, here are some good options for you to choose from.

Acadia National Park—Maine

Lying on Mount Desert Island, a postcard-perfect island where Rockefellers and Astors summered, Acadia National Park is rich with rocky shorelines and has one of Maine’s most historic lighthouses. Hike to the top of 1,530-foot Cadillac Mountain to catch the sunrise, then go back to Bar Harbor, and treat yourself to a lobster roll at Stewman’s.

Where to Stay: Atlantic Oceanside Hotel, Bar Harbor Inn

Arches National Park—Utah

The red sandstone monoliths of Arches National Park in southeast Utah make for a giant playground for hikers, bikers, climbers, off-roaders, and other thrill seekers. However, climbing any named or unnamed arch in the park is banned by regulations. Throughout the park, there are 2,000 natural arches, including the famous Delicate Arch, which you might recognize from Utah’s license plate.

Where to Stay: Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Moab, Fairfield Inn& Suites Moab

Yellowstone National Park—Wyoming

When you think of Yellowstone National Park, geysers will come to mind first and more specifically, Old Faithful, which does indeed live up to its name by erupting every 90 minutes or so. Another superstar of America’s oldest national park is the Grand Prismatic Spring, the park’s largest single hot spring, which also gains a reputation due to its striking coloration.

Where to Stay: Yellowstone Park Hotel, Explorer Cabins at Yellowstone

Shenandoah National Park —Virginia

Shenandoah’s famous 105-mile Skyline Drive is one of the prettiest drives in the Northeast.

This National Scenic Byway runs along the top of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Where to Stay: Skyland, Hotel Laurance

【1】Who would most probably be drawn to Acadia National Park?

A.People interested in modern buildings.

B.People interested in camping in the desert.

C.People wanting to enjoy a good view of the seashore.

D.People wanting to climb a mountain of over 2,000 feet.

【2】What is Arches National Park suitable for?

A.Watching an east coast sunrise.B.Looking at beautifully man-made arches.

C.Climbing the well-known Delicate Arch.D.Having various outdoor thrilling activities.

【3】What do we know about the Grand Prismatic Spring?

A.It is famous for its eye-catching colors.

B.It can erupt for about 90 minutes each time.

C.It is the largest single hot spring in the world.

D.It is the most distinguished tourist spot in Wyoming.

【4】Where can someone enjoy beautiful sights along the drive?

A.In Utah.B.In Virginia.

C.In Maine.D.In Wyoming.

【5】What is the text meant to?

A.Encourage us to visit the United States.

B.Recommend some national parks in the US.

C.Introduce several hotels nearby national parks.

D.Make a comparison between some national parks.

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