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When I was 11, I spent days worrying about a school concert. I was terrified that I would perform 1. (bad) and that my classmates would laugh 2. me. I told my dad about my fear. He said I should regard it as 3. opportunity to be brave. Courage doesn’t mean not being afraid. It means 4. (do) what you need to do even when you are afraid.

Failure is part of our life. It can teach you 5. you need to do. You gain skills by doing 6. (challenge) things, even if they don’t work out. When I was learning English, mistakes sometimes 7. (help) me. When friends corrected my mistakes, they actually helped me remember the right words.

If people see you fail, you may be 8. (embarrass) and worry that you are not good enough. But failure doesn’t make you a 9. (lose). The only way 10. (deal) with the fear is to face it bravely. Every time you try something new, your fear will be easier to conquer.

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The hottest “green” toy in Germany isn’t made of organic or recycled materials. This one has a solar panel (太阳能电池板) and only runs if kids remember to insert bright red “energy stones” that power the space station. Germany, a pioneer in many renewable energy movements, is also at the forefront of creating environment-friendly toys aimed at making kids think about where energy comes from and how much of it they can use, raising awareness through play. A number of high-tech green toys are on display at this year's Nuremberg toy fair, which runs through Sunday.

Among them, there are hydroelectric-powered toy cars, and doll houses with wind–powered engine and rainwater catchers. The bright green "Future Planet" space station features inner equipment with a fan that is powered by a functioning solar cell. Its aim is to get kids to use their imagination about how energy will be created in the future.

Makers and retailers believe such toys will play an increasingly important role in their future and that of our kids. "Energy is the question of the future and we are definitely thinking about this as we move ahead," said Judith Schweinitz, a spokeswoman for Playmobil, maker of the solar panel-fitted space station. "It is increasingly being brought into our play concept." she added. Studies indicate that green toys which range from those made of sustainable materials to ones like the space station that just raise environmental awareness are becoming more and more popular in the international toy market.

1.The purpose of making the green toys is to ________.

A. give kids the knowledge of technology

B. improve the safety of toys

C. raise kids’ awareness about energy and environment

D. improve kids’ imagination

2.According to the text, ________ uses solar energy.

A. the “Future Planet” space station B. the doll

C. the doll house D. the toy car

3.What can you infer from the last paragraph?

A. Energy is only a question of the future and we needn’t care now.

B. The trend in the international toy market is more and more green toys to raise environmental awareness will hit the market.

C. Energy has been brought into our play concept too much according to Judith Schweinitz.

D. The green toys made of sustainable materials haven’t become popular yet in the international toy market.

4.The hottest “green” toy in Germany is ________.

A. made of organic or recycled materials B. made of green stones

C. driven by an advanced motor D. equipped with a solar panel

It is amazing to note that the Internet is still such a new device, and yet it is one of the fastest and most powerful media tools. But think about it for a moment. On the Internet, a big online company can be run by two guys out of their garage. So it is only reasonable that people shopping on the Net would be a little leery of the security levels.

Internet giants such as Microsoft knew consumer confidence was the key to getting virtual(虚拟)shopping off the ground, and they work hard to make people feel safe to shop online.

Credit card companies, too, quickly saw the potential for Internet shopping, and have installed things like online shopping insurance for people. If you ever have a problem with your online credit purchases, many credit card companies will happily refund(返还) your money and then set their claws on the company that wronged you. Now that’s buying power!

There are other bonuses for online shoppers, of course. No line-ups, for one. No annoying mall shopping carts with broken wheels and kids crying because their parents won’t get them what they want.

When shopping online, consumers can sit down, have a coffee, and wear their slippers, not have to worry about their hair or parking and just click through sale after sale. Comparison shopping couldn’t be any easier. And thanks to courier companies(速递公司)getting in on the act, you never need wait longer than a day or two to get those all important purchases delivered right to your door.

No wonder so many companies are shaking their heads at traditional advertising and instead looking to the “virtual” world to attract online shoppers.

1.The underlined word “leery” means ________.

A. satisfied B. distrustful

C. hopeful D. sad

2.________ leads to consumers’ trust in online shopping.

A. Shopping law B. Shopping convenience

C. Internet access D. Shopping security

3.Which group of words would the writer use to describe current Internet shopping?

A. Adventurous, enjoyable, fast, unreal. B. Unsafe, cheap, slow, convenient.

C. Reliable, popular, convenient, slow. D. Safe, convenient, fast, comfortable.

4.The following are thought to have made contributions to the popularity of online shopping EXCEPT_________.

A. Internet companies B. courier companies

C. advertising companies D. credit card companies

Laughter is a universal way to express joy. But as it turns out, your laughter reveals a lot more than the fact that you are happy. It enables listeners, even those that cannot observe you, immediately to realize if you are having a good time with a close friend or laughing politely with a complete stranger.

At least that is the conclusion reached by a team of scientists led by Greg Bryant, an associate professor of Communication Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. The researchers began by requesting participants from across the globe to send them audio clips(音频片段) of people laughing. The 48 tapes they received ranged from recent recordings of laughter between two college friends to ones from conversations that occurred a decade ago. The clips also had all possible combinations — interactions between friends, strangers, all-male groups, all-female groups, as well as a mix of both genders(性别).

The team then played the short recording, each lasting less than a second, to 966 people spread across 24 different cultures around the world. The listeners ranged from people living in remote areas to those living in some of the world’s most modern cities. To the team’s astonishment, despite the cultural and regional differences, the listeners were able to identify the difference in laughter between friends and strangers, 61% of the time.

The scientists, who published their findings in the Scientific Journal, say that the accuracy was even higher when it came to recordings of only women laughing. The researchers think that this is probably because women are more transparent in expressing their feelings than men.

Bryant says that the results of this cross-cultural examination show that people all over the world perceive laughter in similar ways. As Neuroscientist Carolyn McGettigan at the Royal Holloway University of London puts it, “A laugh among friends is a special sound, no matter where you live!”

1.What can we learn about Greg Bryant’s research?

A. It was based on tapes from 966 people.

B. Its findings were beyond the team’s expectations.

C. It proved that laughter is a universal way to express joy.

D. Most of his findings were published in the Scientific Journal.

2.Why did the listeners identify all-female laughing more accurately?

A. Women are sensitive to interesting things.

B. Women are less likely to hide their feelings.

C. Women prefer to express their joys by laughing.

D. Women are good at communicating with others.

3.What does the underlined word “perceive” probably mean?

A. Understand. B. Receive.

C. Explain. D. Spread.

There are many people you are well advised to treat kindly: Your child’s teacher, your husband or wife, your boss and so on.

Until now, that best-behavior-required list has not included your Uber(优步) driver, or taxi drivers. Old thinking: Hey, they’re here to serve me. I don’t have to make a special effort to be nice to them.

Dangerously wrong.

A recent New York Times story told the educative tale of a Uber passenger, Hussein Kanji, who says he’s really not sure how he made his driver angry. All he knows is that his driver-generated rating(评分) went way down and the wait for a Uber car became hours instead of minutes.

Be careful, Uberians: If you’re feeling angry when you get into the back seat and you give your driver the silent treatment, your reputation may get damaged in the driver-generated ratings. If you’re among the people described as “generally negative” by one Uber driver, watch out.

Uber isn’t the only front on this battlefield. The ability to rate someone’s service is one of the successes of the Internet. It helps everyone weed out people with bad attitudes and worse habits.

These ratings should cut both ways. A while back, the auction(竞买) site eBay made many of its sellers angry when it started preventing them from giving negative ratings to buyers. Until then, sellers and buyers had threatened each other with negative reviews. Too many negative reviews could get you thrown off.

Then eBay shifted the balance of power to buyers. Sellers can still write a bad comment, but the overall rating cannot be anything but positive. Thus eBay has become a place where all is for the best. Think positive!

We know that being nice to people all day can be exhausting. We’ve also seen people who shout at those who don’t measure up to their expectations for service.

Uber is reportedly about to spread worldwide. It is a welcome competitor because it fits the needs of customers in a new way. We know Uber is a two-way street. But drivers who get too picky may end up with no passengers.

Everyone, behave!

1.Negative driver-generated ratings mean that ________.

A. Uber drivers will never serve those customers

B. drivers are too slow to pick up customers

C. customers have to wait for a longer time when using Uber cars

D. customers have done damage to Uber cars

2.The underlined phrase “weed out” (Para. 6) can best be replaced by _____.

A. hate B. get rid of

C. value D. win back

3.The example of eBay in the article is probably meant to show that ________.

A. in the Internet age, buyers have always had the advantage of ratings

B. the power of ratings should be given to both sides of a service

C. the main reason why eBay has become a successful auction site

D. controversy between customers and sellers has only come about recently

4.The author has written this article to ________.

A. show that when using Uber, your behavior directly affects the service you get

B. prove that giving and receiving bad ratings can influence your life

C. suggest that tools like Uber and eBay can reflect what kind of person you are

D. stress that both customers and service providers should be respectful and positive

Clean water is not only important for food production, but necessary for our life. However, large numbers of people in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are going without. The World Health Organization reports that almost 4,000 children die each day for dirty water or lack of water.

Agriculture is the primary user of water at 70–85% of fresh water in the world. Industrial uses of water don’t often come to mind, but you may be surprised to know that industry uses 59% of the water supply in developed countries.

Home use takes up only 8% in the world. But as cities grow, the local government has to cut down on water use. Many cities are turning to privatization (私有化) of water as a method of controlling use. The poor are paying as much as a quarter of their monthly income for water in some developing countries.

In 60% of large European cities, groundwater is being used at a faster rate. People are saving water by simply using less and being careful with what they do use. Sometimes it’s as simple as not throwing out water that they could use elsewhere.

In Australia overuse of water has always been a problem. The Australian government has encouraged households and industries to collect rainwater and reuse water from showers. Technology is helping householders for shower and bath water for reuse in toilets or gardens.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has made a water saving program designed to encourage families and businesses to examine their water use and save more water. Good water management has been considered by scientists and the UN as the key to solving the water problem. We can all work together to protect our valuable water in our daily life.

1.In developed countries, most water is used by ______.

A. industry B. agriculture

C. families D. businesses

2.To save water, what do Australians and Europeans both choose to do?

A. Find more groundwater.

B. Make good use of rainwater.

C. Encourage people to have fewer showers

D. Recycle water for a second use.

3.According to scientists, to deal with water shortage, the most important is to ______.

A. popularize privatization of water

B. cut down on water use at home

C. have good control over water use

D. introduce water-saving technologies

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Water—the source of all lives

B. Save water, save the world

C. New ways to save water

D. Water and people’s health

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