题目内容
17.Most Cancer Is Out of Our ControlLIFESTYLE OR BAD LUCK?
IT DEPENDS ON THE CANCER
BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA
The most common skin cancer is triggered by exposure to UV rays.
LUNG
Smoking,and the carcinogens in tobacco
smoke,are the main drivers of lung cancer.
LIVER
Risk of this cancer
increases with age and heavy alcohol use.
We think we know what causes cancer:smoking,the sun's UV rays,tumor-causing genes we inherit from Mom and Dad.But these factors alone can't explain why cancer in its many forms is poised to edge out heart disease as America's No.1killer within the next few years.That rise has sparked a spate of research into how much of cancer is within our control and how much of it is simply a roll of the genetic dice.
Now,in an eye-opening study published in Science,researchers report that the majority of cancer types are the result of pure chance,the product of random genetic mutations(突变) that occur when stem cells-which keep the body chugging along,replacing older cells as they die off-make mistakes copying the cells'DNA.
Cristian Tomasetti at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine found that the more stem cells there are in certain kinds of tissues and the more often they divide,the more likely that tissue is to develop cancer over a person's lifetime.About 65% of cancers are the result of these DNA mistakes made by stem cells.
Only a small proportion of a tissue's cells are stem cells,which are essentially templates(范本) for making more tissue.The catch is that this kind of DNA copying is also the process behind cancer,which is triggered by cells that pick up mutations in their genes when they divide.
The element of chance does not,however,mean you should stop wearing sunscreen or take up smoking."My biggest fear is that people will do nothing.The opposite is true,"says Tomasetti,who stresses that while we may not be able to prevent all tumors,we can focus on early detection and taking advantage of lifesaving treatments like chemotherapy and radiation,among other things."We need to do everything we did before,but we want to do it even more than before."
58.Most of the cancer types are caused byB.
A.bad lifestyle
B.genetic mutations
C.stem cells
D.aging tissues
59.According to Tomasetti,A.
A.chances of cancer increase with more stem cells dividing
B.stem cells are essentially templates for making more tissue
C.People should stop wearing sunscreen or take up smoking
D.all tumors can be prevented through detection and radiation
60.The passage is meant toB.
A.persuade
B.inform
C.comment
D.research.
分析 文章主要讲了癌症是由什么引起的,主要是告知人们应多注意预防.
解答 58.B,细节理解题,根据句子researchers report that the majority of cancer types are the result of pure chance,the product of random genetic mutations(突变)可知,研究者报导说大多数癌症是由于基因突变引起的,故答案为B.
59.A,细节理解题,根据句子Cristian Tomasetti at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine found that the more stem cells there are in certain kinds of tissues and the more often they divide,the more likely that tissue is to develop cancer over a person's lifetime可知,身体中某一些组织细胞越分裂,人的一生中就更有可能会有癌症,故答案为A.
60.B,主旨大意题,文章主要讲了癌症是由什么引起的,主要是告知人们应多注意预防,故答案为B.
点评 解答任务型阅读理解题,首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意.因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料.其次,细读题材,各个击破.掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息.最后,要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性.对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准.