Question

【题目】 You're out to dinner. The food is delicious and the service is fine. You decide to leave a big fat tip. Why? The answer may not be as simple as you think.

Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter's choice of words, to how they carry themselves while taking orders, to the billl's total.

Even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night.

“Studies before have shown that mimicry （模仿）brings into positive feelings for the mimicker, "wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor. "These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimicks.

So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups. He requested that half serve with a phrase such as, "Coming up!" Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers. Rick van Baaren then compared their takehome pay. The results were clear-it pays to mimic your customer. The copycat （模仿者）waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.

Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St Louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill. After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cabdrivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers' bills went up. In fact, tip percentages appear to plateau （稳定期）when bills topped $100 and a bill for $200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for $100.

"That's also a point of tipping," Green says. "You have to give a little extra to the cabdriver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you. If they weren't there, you'd never get any service. So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there."

【1】Besides service, how many other fectors（因素）affecting the customers' tipping are mentioned in the passage?

A. 1B. 2

C. 3D. 4

【2】These studies show that .

A. tipping can be affected by physical reactions to many different waiters

B. the mimic waiters can get almost twice as much money as those who don't mimick others

C. people who are being mimicked usually tip less to the person who mimics them

D. mimicry makes the mimicker feel bad

【3】According to the passage, which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip percentages?

A. B.

C. D.

【4】We know from the passage that the writer seems to .

A. object to Mr Green's idea about tipping

B. think part of Mr Green's explanation is reasonable

C. support the opinions of Mr Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping

D. give his generous tip to waiters very often

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章向大家介绍了影响顾客消费后给的小费多少的诸多因素。

【1】细节理解题。由第二段中的内容（心理学家发现，小费不仅仅是关于服务的。 研究表明，顾客对服务员的言辞的选择、点单时服务员的行为甚至对订单总额的心理反应都会影响到小费的多少。）以及第三段内容（甚至服务员提醒了顾客多少也能决定最后的小费的多少）可知，除了服务，影响小费多少的因素还有服务员的言辞、点单时服务员的行为、订单总额以及服务员提醒了顾客多少等四个因素。故选D。

【2】细节理解题。由第五段中的“The results were clear-it pays to mimic your customer. The copycat （模仿者）waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.”可知，结果很明显---模仿是有用的。模仿者获得的小费几乎是另一组没有模仿者的两倍。故选B。

【3】推理判断题。由第六段中的“they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers' bills went up. In fact, tip percentages appear to plateau （稳定期）when bills topped $100 and a bill for $200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for $100.”可知，研究者发现，在服务员、出租车司机和理发师这三个领域，当账单上升时小费的比例会下降。实际上，当账单在100美金的时候小费比例趋于稳定，200美金的账单给的小费比例不会高于100美金账单给的小费比例。也就是说，小费随着账单额的升高而降低，在100美金之后趋于稳定。观察图像，与D图像符合。故选D。

【4】推理判断题。这是一篇说明文，由首段中的“The answer may not be as simple as you think.”可知作者认为给的小费多少的理由及原因没有我们想的那么简单，下文就是作者认为有可能的理由。也就说明作者是赞同Mr Green 和 Rick van Baaren 关于小费的研究的。故选C。

细节理解题是高考阅读中的常考题型。本题中的第一题是典型的细节理解题。但是在做这一题时，同学们很容易做错的一点是可能会找出第二段中的影响小费的因素，却忽略第三段中影响小费的因素。避免出现这种遗漏的方法就是分析每段内容或者每段中心意思讲的是什么，这样就不会由于答案不在一个段落内而被落下。