题目内容

7.Being Authoritative (由权威的) Parents
Phrases like"tiger mom"and‘‘helicopter parent"have made their way into everyday language.Many of us find ourselves drawn to the idea that with just a bit more parental hard work and effort,we might turn out children with bright futures.But is there anything wrong with a kind of"overparenting style"?
Parental involvement has a long history of being studied.Many of the studies,conducted by Diana Baumrind,a famous psychologist at the University of California,Berkeley,have found that a good parent is the one who is involved and reacts to her child in a positive way,who sets high expectations but gives her child independence.These"authoritative parents"appear to hit the sweet spot of parental involvement and generally raise children who do better academically,psychologically and socially than children whose parents are not strict and less involved,or controlling and more involved.Why is this parenting style so successful?
Authoritative parents actually help improve motivation in their children.Carol Dweck,a social psychologist at Stanford University,has done research that indicates why authoritative parents raise more motivated children.In a typical experiment,Dr.Dweck takes young children into a room and asks them to solve a simple puzzle.Most do so with little difficulty.But then Dr.Dweck tells some,but not all,of the kids how clever they are.As it turns out,the children who are not told they're smart are more motivated to solve increasingly difficult puzzles.They also show higher levels of confidence and show greater progress in puzzle-solving.
As the experiment suggests,praising children's talents and abilities seems to shake their confidence.Dealing with more difficult puzzles carries the risk of losing one's status as"smart".Dr.Dweck's work strongly supports that of Dr.Baumrind,who also found that reasonably supporting a child's independence and limiting interference (干涉) causes better academic and emotional results.
The central task of growing up is to develop a sense of self that is independent and confident.If you treat your young child who is just learning to walk as if she can't walk,you reduce her confidence.Allowing children to make mistakes is one of the greatest challenges of parenting.It is easier when they are young.The potential mistakes carry greater risks,and part of being a parent is reducing risk for our children.

67.According to the passage,a"tiger mom"D.
A.helps her children realize their dreams
B.speaks her children's everyday language
C.places reasonable expectations on her children
D.pays close attention to her children's experiences
68.It is implied that controlling style of parenting mayC.
A.face more challenges of children
B.foster independence in children
C.cause more problems in children
D.lead to children's academic success
69.The example of the children doing the puzzles suggests thatB.
A.a good game plays a big role in training young minds
B.overpraising makes children less motivated and confident
C.puzzle-solving can give children the motivation they need
D.bright children usually show less confidence in difficult games
70.The last paragraph tells us thatC.
A.children should not be given much freedom
B.parents should not increase the risk of challenging
C.parents should allow their children to learn from mistakes
D.children should correct mistakes with the help of their parents.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了"虎妈",以及如今不同的父母对孩子不同的教育所造成的影响,研究发现父母应该给予孩子们独立,让他们独自解决问题,处理困难的难题,这样有助于他们的成长.

解答 67-70DCBC
67题答案:D 推理判断题,根据倒数第二段Dr.Dweck's work strongly supports that of Dr.Baumrind,who also found that reasonably supporting a child's independence and limiting interference (干涉) causes better academic and emotional results.Dweck教授的工作强烈支持了Baumrind的工作,Baumrind也发现合理地支持孩子的独立以及限制干涉会导致更好的学术及情感结果.可以推断虎妈会密切关注她的孩子们的经历,适度支持孩子,故选D.
68题答案:C 推理判断题,根据第二段These"authoritative parents appear to hit the sweet spot of parental involvement and generally raise children who do better academically,psychologically and socially than children whose parents are not strict and less involved,or controlling and more involved.这些权威性的父母会迎合父母干涉的最佳点,而且一般抚养的孩子学术上和心理上及社会上会表现更好--相比于那些父母不严格、干涉少或者是控制他们而且干涉过多.可知权威型父母抚养孩子的学习要更好,而控制风格的育儿可能会引起孩子更多的问题,故选A.
 69题答案:B细节理解题,根据第四段As it turns out,the children who are not told they're smart are more motivated to solve increasingly difficult puzzles.They also show higher levels of confidence and show greater progress in puzzle-solving.结果表明没有被告知他们聪明的孩子在解决不断增加难度的难题时更加有动力,而且他们也在解决难题中表现出更高的自信心水平和更大的进步.可知过度夸奖让孩子更有动力去解决越来越难的困惑,他们也会充满信心,故选B.
70题答案:C细节理解题,根据最后一段Allowing children to make mistakes is one of the greatest challenges of parenting.It is easier when they are young.The potential mistakes carry greater risks,and part of being a parent is reducing risk for our children.允许孩子犯错误是做父母的最大挑战之一,当他们(孩子)小时要容易些.潜在的错误带来更大的风险,做父母的一部分就是要为我们的孩子减少风险.可知父母应该允许他们的孩子从错误中学习,故选C.

点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读,题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案.

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    Now you have to find an ice sickle (镰刀) only about a foot long,and while the sun is still up,hold the ice sickle in the air where it catches the sun on the larger end and concentrate the sun light coming out of the smaller end toward your kindling.If you have a hard time getting your kindling to ignitebecause it's too large,you can always gather and use any dry grass or paper you can find to help get your fire going easier.While you are trying to light your kindling,remember to keep your fire material dry without any water.
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66.If you want to start a fire with ice,you needC.
A.a very large ice sickle            B.the best paper or kindling
C.a right way and patience           D.a good chance and luck
67.To start a fire with ice,what should you do firstly?D
A.Make an ice sickle.B.Find the bark or bushes.
C.Collect some branches.D.Choose a proper place.
68.Why do you make a fire on the side of a hill or near a tree?B
A.Because you can keep warm there.
B.Because no wind puts out the fire there.
C.Because the sunshine is very strong there.
D.Because the dry tree is easy to be on fire.
69.What does the underlined word"ignite"in Paragraph 3mean?A
A.Cause to burn.B.Become less.
C.Get changed.D.Last very long.
70.What can we learn from this passage?B
A.We should be so careful as not to melt the ice sickle.
B.We should find more dry tree branches to prepare for the fire.
C.We don't have to worry to make the fire material wet by water.
D.We should let the bigger end of an ice sickle towards the kindling.
18.Step into an American preschool classroom today and you are likely to fall into a so-called print-rich environment,every surface colorfully decorated with instructional posters,classroom  rules,chedules,and  mottos,few of which a 4-year-old can understand in fact.
Besides the confusing things on classroom walls,teaching methods and curriculums have changed recently,by which more time is spent on what's called"seat work"一workbooks and worksheets-but less time devoted to music and art.School-readiness skills are essential for the youngest learners to move on to a subsequent stage.As a result,expectations that may arguably have been reasonable for 5-and 6-year-olds,such as bemg able to sit at a desk and using pencil and paper,are now directed at even younger children,who lack the motor skills and attention span to be successful.
However,parents of preschoolers tend to be on board with these changes,because they fear that the old-fashioned pleasures of unhurried learning have no place in today's highly competitive world.The stress is obvious:Pick the"wrong"preschool and your child might not go to college.She might not be employable.She might not even be allowed to start first grade!
As preschoolers are learning so much academic knowledge at earlier ages,they seem somehow less curious and less engaged.Some teachers say that more children today seem to lack the language skills.The real focus in the preschool years should not be just on vocabularv and reading,but on talking and listening.By talking with adults,and one another,they pick up information,learn how things work and solve puzzles that trouble them.For our littlest learners,what could be more important than that?

25.Which of the statements does the author probably agree with?B
A.Younger children can fully understand the instructional things in classrooms.
B.3-and 4-year-olds shouldn't be expected too much in school readiness skills.
C.More time should be spent on"seat work''instead of music and art.
D.Even 5-and 6-year-olds have good motor skills and attention span.
26.The underlined phrase"be on board with"in the third paragraph most probably means"A".
A.accept    
B.reject    
C.doubt    
D.worry
27.Why are parents so picky when choosing a preschool for their kids?B
A.Because some preschools are too old fashioned.
B.Because a wrong preschool might ruin kids'future.
C.Because the competitions between kindergartens are fierce.
D.Because it is easy for them to choose a right preschool.
28.What's the best title of the passage?D
A.New Preschool Breaking down the Kids.
B.The Early Bird Gets the Worm.
C.Preschool,the Gatekeeper to Elementary School?
D.Seat work,a Better Choice for the Youngest Kids?
15.Is growth good for biodiversity(生物多样性)?To answer the question,it is critical to define what we mean by growth.Is growth gross domestic product (GDP),the"monetary value of all the finished goods within a country's borders"?Or does it mean improving the human standard of living?Today,when people say growth,they mean GDP,a measure that is over 70years old.Actually GDP demonstrates negative implications for biodiversity,as this"growth"measures only money inflows while far more important is the balance sheet,which shows properties and debts.As biodiversity delivers no cash,it has no place in GDP system,but biodiversity provides the asset side of the balance sheet,such as forests,rivers,wetlands and animals-the list goes on.
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At first sight there appears to be a logic.Today the US GDP is increasing while many precious species populations are also recovering?Such conditions,according to some people,can be explained by greater efficiency in cars or more efficient agricultural production.But in fact,the majority of the negative impacts have simply been exported.The high-polluting industries have been outsourced to developing nations.Therefore the bitterest punishments are largely felt beyond the borders while we Americans are enjoying high GDP and selfish biodiversity at the same time.This can be seen in the WWF annual Report,where species population trends are increasing by 7% in high-income countries and declining in middle-and low-income countries by 31% and 60% respectively.

It is self-evident that growth,as currently defined,has a major negative impact upon biodiversity.What needs to change is the definition of growth from a GDP-essential concept to a balance-sheet approach.Organisations and world community should work on creating new vision or reform that will help ensure a real balance between an improving standard of human life and a thriving biodiverse landscape.

74.According to the passage,the author's opinion toward GDP is that GDPB.
A.has nothing to do with biodiversity as it serves as an economic ruler
B.shouldn't have ignored biodiversity as it does good to balance sheet
C.is out-dated as it leaves out productions outside a country's borders
D.is a useful economic indicator as it honestly follows the Kuznets curve
75.The environmental Kuznets curve is seemingly working becauseD.
A.when US economy is strong,people have more interest in environment protection
B.high GDP helps to introduce high technology for environment protection
C.great fuel efficiency in cars and agriculture helps to protect environment
D.the US makes other weak nations take the harmful consequences
76.The author's main opinion about growth-biodiversity is thatB.
A.there's no clear relationship between growth and biodiversity
B.growth harms biodiversity with today's GDP-centred system
C.biodiversity condition agrees with a country's economic growth
D.the author is not sure about the exact influence of growth on biodiversity
77.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?B
A.GDP focuses on balance sheet rather than monetary increase.
B.Within borders,America is enjoying a better biodiversity right now.
C.Many low-income nations are having a higher GDP growth than the U.S.
D.Creative ways have been found to balance life standard and biodiversity.
2.Every year some 15,000 animals-mostly mice-are shipped into the UK for research.Some leading scientists are warning that pressure from animal rights activists is reducing the number of animals being brought into Britain for research.All ferry companies and all but two airlines have stopped importing animals intended for research laboratories.
Lord Drayson,who was a minister under the last Labour government,said animal research was"regrettably"necessary and that people would"suffer and die"without it."If we do want to have access to medicines,and I believe that we do-in a survey carried out in the past 10 years more than 87% of the general public have said that they support animal research for medical uses.And so unfortunately we do have to do this."
However,Alistair Currie from People,for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) said researchers should work harder to come up with alternatives to animal testing."More man 90% of drugs that pass trials in animals fail when they're given to people,"he said.They either prove to be unsafe or simply ineffective."
The BBC's Tom Fielden says animal rights campaigners have been imprisoned for taking direct action against laboratories in the past and more recently have focused on creating bad PR (public relations).He says this has included letter-writhing and web-based campaigns against transport companies,which appear to have had an effect.
But the scientists who depend on the animals for their work have now decided to speak out to try to persuade the government and the transpon companies to stand up to the campaigners.Professor Robin Lovell-Badge,a geneticist at me National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR),told the BBC it was important that scientists were able to import animals,so they could work together with colleagues abroad.Dominic Wells of the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) said,"The problem is that they can't be put in a suitable transport."
63.Now animal rights campaigners are trying to affect importing animals byD.
    A.finding alternatives to animal testing    B.creating bad public relations
    C.taking direct action against labs         D.stopping transport animals to UK
64.According to Lord Drayson,importing animals isA
    A.optional                             B.necessary                     
    C.unreasonable                         D.unconditional
65.Who is against importing animals for research?B
    A.Alistair Currie form PETA.       B.Tom Fielden from the BBC.
    C.Robin Lovell-Badge from the NIMR. D.Dominic Wells from the RVC.
66.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A
    A.Activists stopping direct action against imports
    B.Importing animals contributing to medicine
    C.Activists'pressure slowing animal imports
    D.No animal imports,no medical research.
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Tom Winsor,who has carried out the widest-ranging review of police pay and conditions in more than 30years,said those who fail the test three times should be subject to disciplinary procedures and a pay cut.He also recommended that strict testing should become a requirement of promotion.
"It is clear that the existing pay system is unfair and inefficient.It was designed in 1920and has remained largely unchanged since 1978."Mr.Winsor said,"I think the public will be surprised that after passing a fitness test at the point of becoming a policeman,except in special units like firearms,physical fitness is not tested again in an over-30-years career."
He also added,''Officers who work on the front line,exercising their powers as constables in the most difficult circumstances,have nothing to fear from this review.''But this should get tougher by September 2018,along similar lines to the test currently used in Northern Ireland.This includes climbing over walls and pulling bodies and was designed to reflect situations which"police officers do and can become involved in".
"We are not looking for supermen."Mr Winsor predicted that many officers would welcome the proposals,saying they would see it"as a necessary protection for themselves and the public".

61.At the beginning,many figures are used to showC.
A.why so many police officers are being troubled by obesity
B.whether most of the police officers are qualified for their job
C.how serious overweight problems are among the police officers
D.what are different between the male and female officers'diets
62.According to Mr Winsor,B.
A.a police officer cannot work over 30years
B.the present pay system is long out of date
C.firemen don't need any fitness tests
D.the front-line officers don't need such tests
63.Which could be included in the fitness test according to the passage?C
①push-ups②hockey③swimming④badmintons⑤climbing⑥wrestling
A.③④⑤B.②⑤⑥C.①③⑤D.①④⑥
64.Why did Mr.Winsor believe the police officers would support him?A
A.Because testing is helpful to both their health and safety.
B.Because most of them dream of becoming a superman.
C.Because he promises them an increase in salary.
D.Because the government support him to make a reforem.
65.What's the best title of the passage?D
A.No Jobs,No Hope.
B.Less Weight,Fewer Chances
C.A Test or A Challenge
D.Lose Weight or Lose Money.
19.In business,there is a speed difference:It's the difference between how important a firm's leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy (策略) and how fast the company actually moves.The difference is important (50)B industry and company size.Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the(51)CIn our study of 343businesses,the companies that chose to go,go,go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating income than those that (52)Aat key moments to make sure they were on the right (53)B.What's more,the firms that"slowed down to (54)D"improved their top and bottom lines,averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating income over a three-year period.How did they (55)C the laws of business,taking more time than competitors yet performing better?They thought(56)Dabout what"slower"and"faster"mean.Firms sometimes  (57)A to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly)and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value).Simply increasing the speed of production,for example,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference.But that often leads to reduced value over time,in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study,higher performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when it is (58)B.They became more (59)C to idea and discussion.They encouraged new ways of thinking.And they allowed time to look and learn.(60)B,performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time,paid too much attention to improving (61)C,stuck to tested methods,didn't develop team spirit among their employees,and had little time thinking about (62)DStrategic speed (63)A a kind of leadership.Teams that (64)D take time to get things right are more successful in meeting their business goals.That kind of strategy must come from the top.

50.A.according toB.regardless ofC.due toD.instead of
51.A.profitB.productC.speedD.method
52.A.pausedB.developedC.perseveredD.engaged
53.A.situationB.trackC.occasionD.duty
54.A.look onB.keep upC.hold backD.speed up
55.A.learnB.discoverC.disobeyD.prefer
56.A.strangelyB.abstractlyC.entirelyD.differently
57.A.faitB.attemptC.pretendD.desire
58.A.convenientB.necessaryC.emergentD.incredible
59.A.alertB.restlessC.openD.specific
60.A.In shortB.By contrastC.Above allD.All in all
61.A,welfareB.technologyC.efficiencyD.condition
62.A.qualitiesB.standardsC.competitorsD.changes
63.A.serves asB,stands forC.refers toD.deals with
64.A.temporarilyB.extensivelyC.naturallyD.regularly.
16.London has become a cycle friendly zone after the launch of a new bike hire scheme.It has been designed to encourage more people to cycle in and around central London.
So how does it  work?First you have to sign up to the scheme to be sent a key.The key will unlock one of the bikes,which are kept at docking stations in  and around central London.You have to pay an access fee for the key and then you pay as you go,for he length of time you use the bike.
Transport for London,which runs the scheme,are hoping to have 6,000 bikes and 400 docking stations in place by the end of the year.The new hire system is hoping to ease congestion in London and is expected to generate up to 40,000 extra cycle trips a day into the city centre.London Mayor Boris Johnston launched the scheme and said London had been"filled with thousands of gleaming machines that will transform the look and feel of our streets and become as commonplace on our roads as black cabs and red buses".
However,there  have been a few problems since the scheme was launched last Friday.On the first day some people found they couldn't dock their bike  properly and their usage of the bike had not registered.Transport for London did admit they had been expecting a few"teething problems"and have said they wouldn't charge for the first day as a"gesture of goodwill".Some other people have criticized the lack of docking stations and locks for the bikes as well as the price it costs to hire the bicycles.
Despite the comments,the green-thinking London Mayor still seems very positive about things,saying,"My campaign for the capital to become the greatest big cycling city in the world has taken a gigantic pedal-powered push forwards."
66.A new bike scheme has started in London to.C
 A.earn more money for the government
 B.encourage the citizens to take exercises
 C.deal with the city's traffic problems
 D.increase employment opportunities
67.Which  is the correct order of a bike hire?D
 a.pay a usage charge according to the time    b.pay for the key
 c.cycle in and around central London  d.sign up as a member to get a key
 A.b-d-c-a  B.b-c-a-d   C.d-c-b-a   D.d-b-c-a
68.According to he passage,the scheme.C
 A.is started by volunteers in London
 B.has prepared cnough cycles available
 C.is expected to improve the environment
 D.has become as popular as cabs and buses
69.Which of the following is NOT the"teething problems"of the scheme?C
 A.People were unable to lock properly.
 B.People could not dock the bikes properly.
 C.People had no enthusiasm about the scheme.
 D.It's too expensive for some people to hire a bike.
70.From the passage we know.D
 A.the‘cycling revolution'failed once started
 B.the scheme will be put off due to the problems
 C.all the citizens in London are in favor of the scheme
 D.the London Mayor has great confidence in the scheme.

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