题目内容
【题目】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Oct. 16, 2018, one of the two co-founders of Microsoft, Paul G. Allen, 【1】 (die)at age 65 from cancer.
When 【2】 comes to Microsoft, the first person we think of was Bill Gates, the other co-founder of the firm. 【3】, Allen was just as important to the 【4】 (create)of the company. Allen was, many people say, a much quieter person. He was content with the science side of things, while Gates has the 【5】 (good)head for business.
When the pair started Microsoft in the mid-1970s, they focused on the microcomputer industry. Microcomputers were small computers 【6】 (design)to be used in the home. 【7】 they lacked, though, was an operating system, which is where Microsoft came in. The company’s big break came in 1980, 【8】 Microsoft created the MS-DOS operating system. Later came Windows.
After Allen passed away, Bill Gates made a statement 【9】 (praise)Allen, “Even in high school, before most people knew what a personal computer was, Paul predicted that chips would get super-powerful and would 【10】(eventual)give rise to a whole new industry. ”
【答案】
【1】died
【2】it
【3】However
【4】creation
【5】better
【6】designed
【7】What
【8】when
【9】to praise
【10】eventually
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要悼念了过世的微软创始人之一--Paul G. Allen,讲述了他和Bill Gates之间的创业经历,同时提到了Bill Gates对他的赞赏。
【1】考查时态。句意:2018年10月16日,微软两位联合创始人之一保罗·g·艾伦(Paul G. Allen)因癌症去世,享年65岁。根据语境On Oct.16, 2018可知,应是一般过去时。故填died。
【2】考查固定句式。句意:说到微软,我们首先想到的是该公司的另一位联合创始人比尔·盖茨。when it comes to… 固定句式,意为“当谈及……”。故填it。
【3】考查副词。句意:然而,艾伦对公司的创立同样重要。分析可知,本句与前一句为转折关系,应用转折副词however。故填However。
【4】考查名词。句意:然而,艾伦对公司的创立同样重要。to 为介词之后应用名词形式。故填creation。
【5】考查形容词比较级。句意:他对科学方面的东西很满意,而盖茨更擅长商业。分析可知,本句中将Allen与Gates进行对比,前一句中的形容词“quieter”暗指比较含义,因此所填空应用比较级。故填better。
【6】考查非谓语。句意:微型计算机是设计用于家庭的小型计算机。分析可知,___6___ (design)to be used in the home应是之前名词small computers 的后置定语,动词design与其之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填designed。
【7】考查名词性从句。句意:不过,他们缺少的是一个操作系统,而这正是微软的切入点。分析可知,___7___ they lacked为主语从句,从句中动词lacked缺少宾语,应用引导词what。故填What。
【8】考查定语从句。句意:微软的重大突破出现在1980年,当时微软开发了MS-DOS操作系统。分析可知,___8___ Microsoft created the MS-DOS operating system. Later came Windows 应是之前时间名词1980的定语从句,先行词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【9】考查动词不定式。句意:艾伦去世后,比尔·盖茨发表声明赞扬了艾伦。分析可知,此空应是动词不定式表目的。故可填to praise。
【10】考查副词。句意:甚至在高中时,在大多数人还不知道个人电脑是什么之前,保罗就预言芯片将变得超级强大,并最终催生出一个全新的产业。分析可知,副词修饰动词短语“give rise to”,在句中作状语。故填eventually。
语法填空之非谓语好判断
非谓语形式在语法填空题中考查多为作定语或作状语形式比较多。判断方法如下:第一步,首先判断句中已经存在谓语;第二步,根据位置判断非谓语的句子成分;第三步,判断主被动关系,选择现在分词形式还是过去分词形式。比如文章第6小题:
Microcomputers were small computers ___6___ (design)to be used in the home.
第一步,句中存在谓语“were”;第二步,“___6___ (design)to be used in the home”结构在名词之后,应是后置定语;第三步,与名词small computers之间为被动关系,应用过去分词。因此答案为designed。
【题目】请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
For decades, sociologists have been trying to understand why certain people rise to the top of their fields. A number of theories have emerged, so if you're struggling on the path of success, perhaps these will give you some new clues.
IQ is Overrated
A high IQ is necessary, but it is not adequate to predict executive competence and corporate success. While people with high test scores do have more opportunities, that doesn't mean that smart people are more successful. In fact, in many fields the link between success and intelligence is often weak or non-existent. Nobel Prize winning Israeli-American psychologist, Daniel Kahneman, found that people would rather do business with a person they like and trust rather than someone they don’t, even if the likeable person is offering a lower quality product or service at a higher price.
The 10,000 Hours Theory
A Professor at the University of Colorado named Anders Ericsson decided to look at the differences between amateurs and professionals. In 1993, he released a paper that found on average amateurs only got about 4000 hours of practice, but professionals had practiced for at least 10,000 hours. While there's some debate over whether 10,000 hours is a rule or just a theory, many experts agree that a significant number of people who are considered "great" have, on average, 10,000 hours of experience.
Deliberate Practice
If no one is born talented and you need 10,000 hours of practice, what's the most effective way of using those hours? One theory is something sociologists call "deliberate practice." Essentially, there are six elements. The practice needs to be meant to specifically improve performance, and is even more effective if there's coaching. It needs to be repeatable, and feedback regularly is crucial. It also has to be demanding, either physically or mentally. If you're doing all of this correctly, it shouldn't be a fun experience. An example would be a basketball player who isn't very good at free throws spending hours and hours just doing free throws while being coached. Not a great time no matter how big of a basketball fan you are.
No One Succeeds on Their Own
While it would be nice to succeed simply because we work hard, life doesn't work that way. We need help and support from friends, family and teachers, and then we need chances from employers and other key figures in the fields we choose to pursue. In order to succeed, the gifts and interests of a person need to be encouraged, especially at a young age. Then as they grow up, people need to be given opportunities, breaks and second chances. Without help from other people, it makes it impossible to succeed because as Gladwell points out, "… no one—not rock stars, not professional athletes, not software billionaires, and not even geniuses — ever makes it alone."
You Have Amazing Potential
On average, the human mind can remember a sequence of seven to nine numbers. After that it becomes incredibly hard to remember all the numbers in the right order. Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University wanted to know if someone of average intelligence could break that barrier with practice. Through a lot of tests, researchers discovered what they called "the remarkable potential of 'ordinary' adults and their amazing capacity for change with practice." Their research showed that even "ordinary" people have the potential to be great by challenging themselves. If you work hard, your goals can be more attainable than you thought.
Passage outline | Supporting details | |
Introduction | Sociologists have been wondering what makes some people successful for years and the following will give you some 【1】into it. | |
Some 【2】 | IQ is Overrated | ◆By itself, a high IQ doesn’t 【3】 mean that you will stand out and rise above others. ◆People show 【4】 for more trustworthy business partners rather than those with only higher IQ. |
The 10,000 Hours Theory | ◆What 【5】amateurs from professionals is that amateurs only get about 4000 hours of practice while professionals get for at least 10,000 hours. | |
Deliberate Practice | ◆Deliberate Practice needs to be 【6】at improving performance specifically and will be more effective with coaching. ◆Deliberate Practice needs to be repeatable and feedback on a regular 【7】is crucial. ◆Whatever 【8】you have for something, it’s no easy task to do deliberate Practice since it is demanding. | |
No One Succeeds on Their Own | ◆【9】to the common belief, you can’t live without other people’s help. | |
You Have Amazing Potential | ◆Through much practice and by challenging youselves, you can break the barrier and 【10】your goals. |