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Carnival today is an international experience, creating a 1. (relax) atmosphere. To understand 2. (it) origin and meaning, we need to look at the history of America. The 3.(arrive) of Europeans in America, and the opening of huge farms and plantations meant there was a need for labor force. This was how the slave trade began. For more than two hundred years, millions of black people were taken 4.force from Africa and shipped to the New World, 5. there were mainly British and French landowners.

6. (Nature), the Europeans also imported their own festivals. So the slaves

7. (force) to watch as the masters celebrated carnival. Then the slaves began to hold their own carnival celebrations, imitating and making fun of their masters. But their own traditions were continued: They walked round a village with their faces 8.(paint) white, wearing masks and singing.

9. the slave trade was abolished in 1838 the former slaves look over the carnival, which became a celebration of freedom.

With the passing of lime, the white people began to participate in the carnival, too. And they were welcomed by their former slaves. Carnival became 10.way to unite different communities, and has become a celebration of life itself.

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Jon Hoffman was sitting at a red light when he saw a man run out of a store carrying a plastic donation jar full of cash. The Plano, Texas, detective# dressed in plain clothes but wearing his badge and gun, caught the man and pinned him to the hood of his car. But Hoffman had trouble containing the thief, and they got into a struggle.

“The detective has a martial (军事的) arts background, and he said he thought the suspect must have a martial arts background, too, because he was able to break away so easily,” a Plano police spokesperson said.

The detective called out for help as a crowd gathered. Among those watching: Andre Harvey and Kirby Sample, two day laborers. Harvey did what has become common these days—he took out his phone and hit record. “I hate to say it, but I thought that this policeman was doing something stupid,” Harvey said. “But when he asked for help, I thought, well, there won’t be a shooting if I get over there in time.” Harvey jumped into action —while he was still recording the video—as did Sample.

“Harvey caught hold of the suspect’s arms, while Kirby seized his legs, and they were able to get the suspect to the ground to help Detective Hoffman put the handcuffs (手铐)on,” said the police spokesperson. The 27-year-old suspect was charged with resisting arrest and other offenses. The charity jar he stole held less than $ 50.

“I’ve been on the wrong side of the law several times in my life,” Harvey told WFAA. “It feels good to be on the right side and do something positive.”

After the arrest, the three men got to know each other over steaks and ribs at a local steak house — Hoffman’s treat, as a thank-you. But the rescuers say Hoffman deserves credit too. “It could have turned real ugly,” Sample told KFOR. com. “He handled himself like a real professional.”

1.What made Hoffman call for help when arresting the suspect?

A. He was not on duty. B. He couldn’t control the suspect.

C. He needed witnesses to support him. D. He wanted to push the thief into the car.

2.Why did Harvey and Kirby record the scene at the beginning?

A. To follow the fashion B. To record the cop’s violence.

C. To keep track of the criminal. D. To avoid being involved in the incident.

3.What can be inferred about Harvey?

A. He was ready to violate the law. B. He was out of work at that time.

C. He had a good martial arts background. D. He might have had some illegal conducts.

4.What is Harvey and Sample’s attitude towards Hoffman?

A. Appreciative. B. Prejudiced.

C. Skeptical. D. Admirable.

12.Hollywood's theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener,who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论),put it this way:"If we use,to achieve our purposes,a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预),we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire."
     A machine with a specific purpose has another quality,one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence.For the machine,this quality is not in-born,nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead.So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee,it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task.If we are not careful,then,we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined,super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own,with the real world as the chessboard.
     The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall,using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.Unfortunately,that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans,let alone super intelligent machines.
     Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines.But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand,as it has been by some AI researchers.Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams--yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans.Others say we can just"switch them off"as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen.On September 11,1933,famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated,with confidence,"Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine."However,on September 12,1933,physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.

67.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence mayA.
A.run out of human control
B.satisfy human's real desires
C.command armies of killer robots
D.work faster than a mathematician
68.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able toA.
A.prevent themselves from being destroyed
B achieve their original goals independently
C.do anything successfully with given orders
D.beat humans in international chess matches
69.According to some researchers,we can use firewalls toD.
A.help super intelligent machines work better
B.be secure against evil human beings
C.keep machines from being harmed
D.avoid robots'affecting the world
70.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?C
A.It will disappear with the development of AI.
B.It will get worse with human interference.
C.It will be solved but with difficulty.
D.It will stay for a decade.

There’s something rotten in Rio and the smell is coming from the huge stacks of rubbish piled up on sidewalks all over the city. Rio's street sweepers chose the carnival holiday to demand better salaries. Their wages start at roughly $400 a month.

There could hardly be a better time for them to prove their importance. The streets were left a mess after hundreds of carnival parades and now, rubbish pries up in both poor and uptown neighborhoods and in tourist areas like Ipanema or Copacabana beach.

The president of Rio's rubbish collecting company has even appealed to the population to store rubbish at home whenever possible. He says 30% of the city's sweepers have gone on strike. Some of those who have been working have been threatened by the strike movement so now the police have been deployed alongside rubbish collectors to keep them sage as they go about their business.

The strike has divided opinions in Rio. On social media, many support the sweepers' demands for better salaries. Others say they are opportunists and the situation is a big embarrassment to the city.

But Brazil's culture of littering the streets doesn't help. A video that went viral online shows that even authorities have a problem with that. Rio's mayor, Eduardo Paes, is seen throwing what seemed to be the rest of an apple on the sidewalk—and now promised to impose himself a fine for his wrongdoing. His government recently created a programme to keep Rio's residents from littering the streets.

1.Rio's street cleaners go on strike to ________.

A. prove their importance B. ask for higher salaries

C. appeal to the public not to litter D. threaten the government

2.The reason why the police are involved is that ________.

A. the police are called out to put down the strike

B. the police are called up to collect rubbish for the time being

C. the police are required to protect some cleaners

D. the police are sent to arrest people who litter around

3.The author's attitude to Brazil's culture of littering is ________.

A. critical B. objective

C. supportive D. optimistic

4.The purpose of writing the passage is to ________.

A. criticize street sweepers of Rio for misusing their rights

B. call attention to the embarrassing situation of Rio

C. describe the effect or the strike on people

D. inform people of the present situation of Rio

If you don’t think technology can improve your trip better, meet Judy. When she recently checked into the Biu Hotel in Zurich, a clerk asked her to pay hundreds of dollars higher than the online offer. It was not a cheap stay, but it became more of one after she fired up the Booking. Com app she’d used to purchase her room on her smartphone. “As soon as I showed him the rate, he honored it,” Judy says.

Technology may create challenges for travelers-indeed, it may have led to Judy’s rate confusion in the first place-but it can also solve them. The solutions go beyond making sure of a hotel rate. The latest version of Booking.com is among the most feature-rich booking programs. Users can select hotels by location, make a secure booking and view the confirmed rate.

Another pain point for travelers is traffic that eats away precious vacation time. There’s a new app for that, called Commute. As the name implies, it’s aimed at users who have to make the same trip every day. Just input basic information about your destination and expected leaving time, and the app will start sending you traffic data 15 minutes before you leave.

Another source of travel-related conflict and confusion is money. That’s particularly true when you’re dealing with a foreign currency. The latest version of Travel Money Tracker helps travelers prevent currency mix-ups. It instantly converts(兑换) a country’s native currency to yours, so you know exactly how much that Espresso(浓咖啡) in Milan costs in dollars. One extra feature is the ability to set up an alert that tells you when you’re overspending, which can sometimes be a problem when you’re on vacation. The only catch, of course, is that you have to remember to record all your purchases.

1.What does the example of Judy want to show?

A. The rate of Biu Hotel was higher than that of others

B. Technology can make our trips better

C. The clerk was very friendly and patient

D. The smart phones have many functions

2.What is the main function of Travel Money Tracker?

A. It tells people how much Espresso costs

B. It warns when people are overspending

C. It records all people’s purchases

D. It changes the native currency to yours

3.What’s the purpose of the passage?

A. To encourage people to travel

B. To help people with technology problems

C. To introduce some new apps

D. To provide people with traveling information

9.Cyberspace,the connections between computers in different places,considered as a real place where information,messages and pictures exist,mirrors the real world in many ways.People ask for information,play games,and share hobbies.Others buy and sell products.Still others look for friendship,or even love.
Unlike the real world,however,your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen.Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace.Rather,a person's thoughts-or at least the thoughts they type-are what really count.So even the shyest person can become a chat room star.
Usually,this"faceless"communication doesn't create problems.Identity doesn't really matter when you're in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies.In fact,this emphasis(强调,重视) on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation.Where else can so many people come together to chat?But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with.They're looking for serious love relationships.Is cyberspace a good place to find love?That answer depends on whom you ask.Some of these relationships actually succeed.Others fail miserably.
Supporters of online relationships state that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first.Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace.Why?Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them.Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give.And they don't have to worry about what their"nonverbal"(非言语交际的)communication is doing for their image.In a sense,they're not really themselves.
All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace.But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship.With so many unknowns,it's easy to let one's imagination"fill in the blanks."This inevitably(不可避免地) leads to disappointment when couples meet in person.How someone imagines an online friend is often quite more different than the real person.So,before looking for love in cyberspace,remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll:"Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen."
63.According to the passage,chatting in the cyberspaceB.
A.needs people to be rich in knowledge       
B.puts emphasis on people's thoughts 
C.allows people to discuss politics secretly
D.stresses more about people's identity
64.People who are against online love thinkD.
A.it is hard to protect t he other's identity
B.the faceless communication is exciting
C.what is said online is under control of the Internet
D.one may not show the real self in cyberspace
65.By saying"With so many unknowns,it's easy to let one's imagination‘fil l in the blanks'",the writer means thatD.
A.the Internet makes it easy for people to imagine how others view them
B.the Internet allows people to get more information about their loved ones
C.people usually get to know each other by chance through the Internet
D.people may be disappointed when they meet in person
66.We can infer from the last paragraph that CliffordB.
A.demands to develop the computer system
B.supports to look for love in the real life
C.encourages people to enjoy modern life
D.believes it hopeless to find love online.

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