题目内容

12.Hollywood's theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener,who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论),put it this way:"If we use,to achieve our purposes,a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预),we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire."
     A machine with a specific purpose has another quality,one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence.For the machine,this quality is not in-born,nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead.So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee,it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task.If we are not careful,then,we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined,super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own,with the real world as the chessboard.
     The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall,using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.Unfortunately,that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans,let alone super intelligent machines.
     Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines.But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand,as it has been by some AI researchers.Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams--yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans.Others say we can just"switch them off"as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen.On September 11,1933,famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated,with confidence,"Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine."However,on September 12,1933,physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.

67.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence mayA.
A.run out of human control
B.satisfy human's real desires
C.command armies of killer robots
D.work faster than a mathematician
68.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able toA.
A.prevent themselves from being destroyed
B achieve their original goals independently
C.do anything successfully with given orders
D.beat humans in international chess matches
69.According to some researchers,we can use firewalls toD.
A.help super intelligent machines work better
B.be secure against evil human beings
C.keep machines from being harmed
D.avoid robots'affecting the world
70.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?C
A.It will disappear with the development of AI.
B.It will get worse with human interference.
C.It will be solved but with difficulty.
D.It will stay for a decade.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了人工智能可能会脱离人的控制,我们必须解决超级智能机器的安全问题

解答 67.A.推理判断题.根据第一段The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want可知人工智能可能会脱离人的控制;故选A.
68.A.细节理解题.根据第二段A machine with a specific purpose has another quality,one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence可知有特定用途的机器与生物有联系,部分原因是它们可能能防止自身被破坏;故选A.
69.D.细节理解题.根据第三段Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall,using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world可知根据一些研究人员的说法,我们可以使用防火墙来避免机器人影响世界;故选D.
70.C.推理判断题.根据最后一段Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines可知作者认为超级智能机器的安全问题会被解决尽管会十分艰难;故选C.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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Here are some themed attractions inside this Disneyland Park that all have something to offer.

Mickey Avenue

Once you entered the Disneyland Park, Mickey Mouse and his friends gather along the street welcoming you. This place is also a busy bazaar where tourists can select varieties of goods and enjoy tasty snacks while wandering around.

Gardens of Imagination

It is the first garden-designed Disney park in the world, with bridges and paths connecting seven themed areas. Chinese Zodiac Mural (生肖壁画) in the Garden of the Twelve Friends turn the movie figures into twelve animal signs. Guests can try to find their own zodiac sign on the wall and take photos with it.

Adventure Isle

Adventure Isle takes visitors into a newfound ancient tribe(部落). Drifting down the river on the rafts, you will pass through unknown places and rush into the dark caves, meeting the huge mysterious monsters.

Tomorrowland

The carefully designed Tomorrowland presents endless possibilities of the future. Using high tech, this park is like the settings of science fiction movies. The shooting program, “Buzz lightyear Planet rescue”, gives visitors a mission to save the world.

Admission Fee

One-day Ticket

CNY370 on ordinary days

CNY499 on weekends, public holidays, July and August

Two-day Ticket

A 5% discount on the basis of the original prize

Note:

Children between 1 and 1.4 meters tall and seniors aged over 65 can enjoy a 25% discount on the ticket price.

1.What does the underlined word “bazaar” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. club B. market

C. agency D. cottage

2.Where should you go if you’re interested in traditional Chinese culture?

A. Tomorrowland B. Mickey Avenue

C. Gardens of Imagination. D. Adventure Isle

3.How much is the admission for a young couple and their son (1.2m) on Sunday?

A. CNY998 . B. CNY1,122.75 .

C. CNY1,322.35 . D. CNY1,372.25 .

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And that's only natural:most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad,that we should try to avoid mistakes.We've been scolded when we make mistakes-at home,school and work.Maybe not always,but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
Yet without mistakes,we could not learn or grow.If you think about it that way,mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world:they make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible.
By trial and error-trying things,making mistakes,and learning from those mistakes-we have figured out how to make electric light,to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel,to fly.
Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler,make speech possible,make works of genius possible.
Think about how we learn:we don't just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it.You don't just read about painting,or writing,or computer programming,or baking,or playing the piano,and know how to do them right away.Instead,you get information about something,from reading or from another person or from observing,then you make mistakes and repeat,making mistakes,learning from those mistakes,until you've pretty much learned how to do something.That's how we learn as babies and toddlers,and how we learn as adults.Mistakes are how we learn to do something new-because if you succeed at something,it's probably something you already knew how to do.You haven't really grown much from that success-at most it's the last step on your journey,not the whole journey.Most of the journey was made up of mistakes,if it's a good journey.
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A.Because mistakes make us suffer a lot.
B.Because it's a natural part in our life.
C.Because we've been taught so from a young age.
D.Because mistakes have ruined many people's careers.
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B.We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes.
C.We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn.
D.We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
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C.a primary pupil learning to read     
D.a school teenager learning to write
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A.most of us can really grow from success
B.growing and improving are based on mistakes
C.we learn to make mistakes by trial and error
D.we read about something and know how to do it right away.

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