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Three?dimensional printers are fast becoming everyday devices in the United States. Three?D printers are used to make everything from automobile parts to bone replacements for human patients. American research scientists are now working on creating replacements for living tissue.

Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have been working on creating and manufacturing living tissue since 2003. This process is called biofabrication (生物制造). It requires special printing equipment and a special kind of ink.

Traditional printers require ink to produce an image or design on a piece of paper. For their three?D printer, the South Carolina researchers prepare complex nutritious solutions they call bio?inks. Bio?inks are made of proteins and glucose (葡萄糖), which normally provides energy for most cells of the body. The researchers also add living cells taken from the animal that will receive the new, printed tissue. The bio?inks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmetto bio?printer.

Sarah Grace Dennis is one of the researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina. She says new technology, like the Palmetto bio?printer, is a great help to the biofabrication process.

The bio?inks are placed in three dispensers (分配器), containers, inside the printer. Lasers control both the position of the printing surface and the places where the bio?ink is released.

Michael Yost is a leader of the research team. He says the printing process is fully automated — machine?operated. He says that the Palmetto bio?printer makes it possible to create complex tissue types.

The researchers say bio?printing is still experimental. But they hope in a few years they may be able to print tissue to replace damaged human organs.

But there are still some problems which need to be solved. Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue. The flow of blood is important to keep the printed tissue alive.

Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication.

“Tissue biofabrication is a reality, and it is a reality now, and if you come here and you get to see it. You will get to see it. You can't touch it, but you will see it and think this is real. And this is really human.”

1.What can we know about the bio?inks?

A.They are the necessities of bio?printing.

B.They only contain proteins and glucose.

C.They can be placed in the traditional printers.

D.They are available in our local drugstores.

2.Which of the following is one of the concerns with biofabrication?

A.Researchers can't find enough living cells of animals to make the bio?inks.

B.The price of the bio?printer is too high and most people can't afford it.

C.Scientists have some difficulty in getting the blood to the replacement tissue.

D.People are worried about the safety of the biofabrication process.

3.According to Michael Yost, we can infer that ________.

A.the Palmetto bio?printer can work without power

B.the Palmetto bio?printer has been used to treat the patients

C.the Palmetto bio?printer can only be found in the United States

D.the Palmetto bio?printer will have a bright future in medical use

4.The passage mainly tells us about ________.

A.the three?D printer and its working principles

B.the bio?inks and their use in bio?printing

C.the spread use of the bio?printer in the USA

D.the growing demand for biofabrication

Sports are the base of my life, next to my mother who raised me when my dad left us. I have been into sports since I was six years old. I have known many coaches and heard hundreds of their tips, but they usually focused on drills to develop my skills and reach the next level of play.

When I was in Senior two, I met the new school basketball coach, Brian Pawloski. I thought I was certain to be selected for the school team since I had been in it the year before. I showed up to the tryouts and put out about 90% effort since I thought I’d make it with no problem. That was a big mistake.

Brian Pawloski is the hardest-working coach I have ever met. He didn’t expect 100% effort, he expected 200% effort. One example: he once made us do 40 suicide drills for the 40 lay-ups(投篮) we missed in a game. Some think this is crazy, but it isn’t. After this conditioning practice, as we were getting a cup of cold water to drink, I said, “Coach, that was the best practice I ever had.” I was completely sincere. This man was and is the person who influenced me most at my high school. He expects us to be excellent not just on the court but in the classroom. If I am not working on basketball, I am reading a book that he thinks will help us better understand life’s challenges, including Wooden, Coach, and The Screwtape Letters.

In the first two years I slacked off, not putting forth my full potential. Now, unlike the coaches of my youth, this man was interested in how we did off the court. He always made sure I kept up with my studies and was able to be trusted. I can honestly say that no other coach has given me so much advice on how to succeed in basketball, but more importantly, in life. My school is lucky to have such a great person to teach, coach and influence their students. I will always remember my high-school basketball days as one of the hardest times I have ever worked in my life not only in basketball but in my growth as an individual.

1.Different from other coaches, Coach Brian _____________.

A. concentrated on skill training

B. trained the team to the edge of death

C. expected the team to do well in their studies

D. asked the team to do more reading than training

2.The underlined phrase “slacked off” in the last paragraph probably means ______________.

A. paid no attention B. showed no interest

C. had less passion D. made less effort

3.In the author’s eyes, Coach Brian is ____________.

A. strict and helpful

B. hardworking and honest

C. skilled and cruel

D. professional and serious

We get it: You’re tired. You’re busy. And your shoes are away over there. Excuses are OK sometimes, but not every day—and especially not today. So put on your sneakers, get up off the couch, and let us kick your excuses to the curb (路边).

“I…dislike…panting !”

Being really out of breath may mean you’re trying too much too soon, which will kill your confidence. But you don’t have to be huffing and puffing to get a workout. Being active doesn't have to mean high-intensity. It’s just about moving.

“I hate exercise.”

It may seem unbearable, but you just have to get started. Exercise releases endorphins (your brain’s own feel-good chemicals), which can be habit-forming. What’ s the best exercise? The one you’ll do regularly. So you may hate running. Don’t run! Ride your bike or just dance. Even cleaning your room is active. As long as you’re moving and getting your blood pumping, it counts. So get creative.

“I don’t have time.”

You may not have lots of time to spare when you’re busy with schoolwork, but we bet you can find 10 minutes. Bonus: An activity break will send oxygen to your brain, making you super-alert and more creative too. Famous thinkers like Aristotle and Steve Jobs liked “walking meetings," and you can follow in their footsteps by moving around while you brainstorm about a tough task or memorize your English vocabulary.

“I never see results!”

Even if you train with the help of a professional, you won’t see results right away. But you will feel them almost immediately. Don’t focus on how your body looks—focus on how you feel. Keep a journal of when you exercise (or don’t) and how you feel that day: Stressed? Focused? Tired? When you start noticing the amazing effects of exercise, you’ll have no excuses.

1.The underlined part “huffing and puffing” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “_________”.

A. moving around B. breathing heavily

C. feeling confident D. wearing nice shoes

2.In the author’s eyes, the best exercise is the one that _________.

A. is very relaxing B. you will stick to

C. produces good results D. you can spare time on

3.Steve Jobs is mentioned to prove that doing exercise__________.

A. is good for one’s figure

B. is good for one’s health

C. makes one much happier

D. makes one more productive

A telescope (望远镜), called Gaia, is being designed by astronomers in Europe, and it couldn’t be more different from Pan-STARRS, which is another telescope being designed. While Pan-STARRS will be looking for asteroids (小行星) and comets headed for Earth, Gaia will be looking at our entire galaxy (银河系).

Gaia is designed to draw a map of the Milky Way, our home galaxy. Just as a map of your town gives you a picture of where things are located, Gaia’s map of the galaxy will tell astronomers where the stars are. Over five years, Gaia will observe (观察) about a billion stars and other objects in our galaxy. Each object will be observed about 70 times.

Gaia will be sent into space connected to a rocket. It contains two telescopes, each focused at a different angle (角度). These two telescopes act like Gaia’s “eyes”. The reason why humans can see things in 3D is that we have two eyes focused on the same object, at slightly different angles. By using two telescopes like eyes, Gaia can produce the first 3D map of the positions of the stars it views.

Gaia, which is to be sent into space in 2011, will be a powerful telescope. If you were to use it on Earth, for example, you could stand 600 miles away from your best friends and still get a clear picture of their hair.

Gaia is one of more than a dozen telescopes being designed by scientists right now. The next generation of telescopes will reveal new parts of our universe that will seem surprising. The universe, with all its planets, stars and other strange objects, is a puzzle with pieces that we can see by using powerful telescopes.

1.How many different angles can Gaia focus at each time?

A. 2 . B. 3. C. 4 . D. 5.

2.The map to be drawn by Gaia ______.

A. can show every building on Earth

B. can show you where your town is

C. will just show the stars around Earth

D. will show where the stars are in our home galaxy

3.What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A. What Gaia will do in space.

B. When Gaia will start to work.

C. How powerful Gaia will be.

D. What Gaia will do to Earth.

4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggests that the next generation of telescopes _______.

A. seem very surprising to scientists

B. will not be put into use in a short time

C. will just look at new things in universe

D. will be more powerful than the old generations

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