题目内容

                               B 

            Many doctors know the story of Mr Wright .In 1957 he was diagnosed(诊断) with cancer,and given only days to live. He heard that scientists had discovered a new medication, Krebiozen, which was effective against cancer and he begged the doctor to give it to him. His physician,Dr Philip West finally agreed. After Mr Wright had been given an injection on a Friday afternoon,the astonished doctor found his patient out of his “death bed”.

            Two months later,Mr Wright read medical reports that the medication was fake. His condition immediately got worse again. “Don’t believe what you read in the papers,” the doctor told Mr Wright. Then he injected him with what he said was “a new super-refined double strength” version of the drug. Actually,there was no drug,just a mix of salt and water. Later,Mr Wright was the picture of health for another two months until he read an official report saying that Krebiozen was worthless. He died two days later.

             This story has gone unnoticed by doctors for a long time and the idea that a patient's beliefs can make a disease go away has been thought of as too strange. But now scientists are discovering that the placebo effect(宽慰作用) is more powerful than anyone has ever thought. They are also beginning to discover how such unbelievable results are achieved. Through new techniques of brain imagery,it can be shown that a thought,a belief or a desire can cause chemical processes in the brain which can have powerful effects on the body. Scientists are learning that some body reactions are not caused by information coming into the brain from the outside world,but by what the brain expects to happen next.

              Placebos are “lies that heal”,said Dr Anne Harrington,a historian of science at Harvard University. “The word ‘placebo’ is Latin for ‘I shall please’ and it is typically a treatment that a doctor gives to anxious patients to please them,” she said. “It looks like medication,but has no healing ingredients whatsoever."”

25. After being injected Krebiozen for the first time,Mr Wright.

   A. got cancer    B. almost died

   C. felt better   D. gave up What caused

26. Mr Wright's death according to the story?

   A. The fake drug.

   B. His own beliefs.

   C. His damaged brain.

   D. The doctor's wrong diagnosis.

27. What's the purpose of Paragraph 3 ?

   A. To explore the biology of human brains.

   B. To explain why people get cancer.

   C. To analyse how placebos work.

   D. To question Mr Wright's story.

28. What does Dr Anne Harrington think of the placebo effect?

   A. It is limited.

   B. It is effective.

   C. It can cheat patients.

   D. It goes against science.

25. C 26. B 27. C 28. B

B篇(科普知识)

本文是说明文。多年来被忽视的宽慰作用被证实是有效的。

25. C. 细节理解题。由第一段的the astonished doctor found his patient out of his “death bed” 和第二段的 Mr Wright was the picture of health for another two months可知,第一次注射 Krebiozen后,身患癌症的莱特先生恢复了健康。

26. B. 推理判断题。由第一、二段可知,不知情的莱特先生注射了Krebiozen并得到医生的宽慰后奇迹般地好了,但得知医生给他注射的药物被官方证实是假的后他很快就死了,由此可知,真正导致他死亡的原因其实是他自己的信念。

27. C. 段落大意题。由第三段料学家对宽慰作用的研究可知,本段旨在解释信念 这样的安慰剂是如何对人起作用的。

28. B. 推理判断题。最后一段Dr Anne Harrington说宽慰剂是一种起治愈作用 的谎言,并作为一种治疗方法用于开导焦虑的病人,故推测她认为宽慰作用是

有效的。

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                                  C 

             Quicker and faster 3-D printers have allowed not just amazing objects to be created,but have started to affect how doctors treat patients.

             Weve put together a list of some of the most amazing medical breakthroughs made possible with 3-D printing.

             Life-Saving Airway 

             In 2013,doctors created a new airway for Kaiba Gionfriddjo,a boy bom with an airway that kept collapsing(萎陷) .To save his life doctors printed tiny tubes to join together in different shapes and sizes until one finally worked for Kaiba. It was placed in Kaibas bronchus (支气管) so that it no longer collapsed. Even more remarkably,once the plant was placed it could stay there. It's designed to eventualiy be absorbed into the body.

              New “Bionic” Hands 

              One of the most remarkable ways 3-D printing is now being used is as a way to create prosthetics (假肢) . A boy bom without an arm named Alex was able to get a new “bionic” hand thanks to it. Last year a college student spent 8 weeks coming up with a special prosthetic design that only cost a few hundred dollars in materials. He said he wanted to create a prosthetic far cheaper than other choices that can run tens of thousands of dollars.

               A Practice Heart 

               In Seattle,doctors have been able to use 3-D printing technology to “practice” risky operations so that they will face fewer surprises in the operating room. Kami Sutton was bom with her heart “in the wrong place”. For a recent operation her doctor was able to take many scans of Sutton’s heart and print out a model. “Kami's heart is truly one-of-a-kind,Dr. Stephan Seslar,a heart disease specialist said. Operating on her without understanding the structure of her heart better could be very dangerous."

                A New Skull

                A U.K. man was able to have part of his skull rebuilt thanks to a 3-D printer. Stephen Power broke his cheek bones in a crash. To help Power his doctors instead created 3-D bones all carefully printed in the shape of his face. ^This is really the first time we’ve taken it to this stage,where everything has been planned and modeled in advance — and worked sweetly,” said Adrian Sugar,a doctor.

28. What is special about the 3-D printed airway?

   A. It uses high-tech materials.

   B. It varies in shapes and sizes.

   C. It can be absorbed by the body.

   D. It can prevent any disease in the airway.

29. What is the advantage of the new “bionic”hand?

   A. Its price. B. Its effects.

   A. Its materials. D. Its shape design.

30. How can 3-D printing technology help doctors in the operating room?

   A. It helps them get better scans.

   B. It guarantees the success of operations.

   C. It enables them to practice and learn more.

   D. It helps them to deal with patients,anxiety.

31. What does Adrian Sugar think of the new skull printed by 3-D technology?

   A. He has doubts about it.

   B. He thinks highly of it.

   C. It needs to be better planned.

   D. It functions well but needs improving.

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