题目内容

8．How to deal with waste has been a problem since humans started producing it．As more and more people choose to live close together in cities，the waste-disposal（处理）problem becomes increasingly difficult．
During the eighteenth century，it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dump site（垃圾填埋场）．Residents or trash haulers（垃圾拖运者）would transport household rubbish，rotted wood，and old possessions to the site．Periodically（定期的）some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried．The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by．
Factories，mills，and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of．Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water．Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem．
Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society．The first problem is space．Dumps，which are now called landfills，are most needed in heavily populated areas．Such areas seldom have empty land suitable for this purpose．Land is either too expensive or too close to residential（住宅区的）neighborhoods．Long-distance trash hauling has been a common practice，but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere，cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent．
Awareness of pollution dangers has led to more strict rules of waste disposal．Pollution of rivers，ground water，land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste．The amount of waste，however，continues to grow．
Recycling efforts have become commonplace，and many towns require their people to take part．Even the most efficient recycling programs，however，can hope to deal with only about 50per cent of a city's reusable waste．
27．The most suitable title for this passage would beB．
A．Places for Disposing Waste
B．Waste Disposal Problem
C．Ways of Getting Rid of Waste
D．Waste Pollution Dangers
28．During the 18th century，people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT forA．
A．recycling it              
B．burying it
C．burning it                
D．throwing it into rivers
29．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph？C
A．Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society．
B．There is cheap land to bury waste in modern society．
C．Ways to deal with waste in modern society stay the same．
D．It is impossible to find space to bury waste in modern society．
30．The main purpose of writing this article is to．D
A．tell people a better way to get rid of the waste．
B．warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing．
C．call on people to take part in recycling programs．
D．draw people's attention to waste management．

分析 文章主要讨论垃圾处理的问题，现代社会人们所使用的垃圾处理方法还和以前一样，很难找到垃圾掩埋的地方．

解答 27-30 BACD
27  B  主旨大意题．根据文章第一段How to deal with waste has been a problem since humans started producing it．，可知自从人类开始产生垃圾，如何处理垃圾就成为了一个问题．所以文章最好的题目应该是"垃圾处理问题"．
28  A  细节理解题．根据文章第二段倒数第二句"Periodically some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried"以及第三段第二句"Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water"可知18世纪人们会通过燃烧垃圾、埋葬垃圾、投进河里的方式来处理垃圾．
29  C  推理判断题．根据文章第四段Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society．可推断处理垃圾的方法在现代社会保持不变．
30  D  推理判断题．根据文章最后一段Even the most efficient recycling programs，however，can hope to deal with only about 50per cent of a city's reusable waste．
可知本文是对关于垃圾处理问题的探讨，可推断出作者写这篇文章的目的是引起人们对垃圾管理的注意．

点评 学生需要认真阅读原文，把握文章大意，对文章脉络有整体的了解，能仔细查找文中细节，并能根据文章内容进行合理的推测判断．

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18．It was already late when we started for the next town，which，according to the map，was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the hill．There we felt sure that we（76）would find （find） a bed for the night．Soon darkness fell after we left the village，（77）butunluckily we met no one when we drove fast along the narrow road（78）leading（lead） to the hill．As our car climbed（79）higher （high），it became colder and the rain began to fall，making it difficult（80）to see （see） the road．
     After we had traveled for about twenty miles，there was still no sign of the town which was（81）poorly （poor） marked on the map．We were beginning to get anxious when the car suddenly stopped．A quick（82）examination（examine） showed that we had used up the gas．Although we had little food left，we decided to spend the night in the car．
     With our meals（83）finished（finish），I tried to go to sleep at once，but John，（84）whowas a poor sleeper，got out of the car after a few minutes and went（85）fora walk up the hill．There，he found the lights of the town in a valley below．
19．If you visited your Qzone，Youku．com or other social media websites recently，you might have thought that some famous people and even some of your friends had gone mad．
They took buckets（桶） of icy water and poured them over their heads．They recorded the process，and even asked you to join them!
Welcome to the Ice Bucket Challenge．The challenge is simple：When challenged，one either pours a bucket of icy water over his or her head or donates $100 to the ALS（肌萎缩侧索硬化） Organization．He or she can do both，of course．
As the challenge has got more and more popular，however，I think that it has lost its real meaning．The activity's initial（最初的） purpose was to make more people pay attention to ALS and donate money for scientists to treat the disease．However，the videos have caught people's attention too far from the real purpose of the activity．Many people did it just for fun or to follow the trend（潮流）．They didn't even know what ALS was，let alone donate money to the charity．
Some people even tried hard to take the challenge in a funny way．They didn't know how bad the ALS patients would feel if they watched those videos．
At the same time，the world is facing another challenge-the water crisis（危机）．According to The Washington Post，the Ice Bucket Challenge had already used over 5 million gallons （14 million liters） of water by August，which put the world's freshwater reserves（储存） under a lot of pressure．
In short，the Ice Bucket Challenge has changed from a good thing to a show．ALS patients need our kindness，help and respect．We should do something to help them．
29．According to the passage，the real purpose of the Ice Bucket Challenge was toC．
A．ask more people to join in making films and become famous．
B．let more people have fun and follow the trend．
C．make more people pay attention to ALS and donate money．
D．make ALS patients feel that they are not alone．
30．Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage？A
A．Many people knew what ALS was and donated lots of money．
B．Some people tried to take the challenge in a funny way．
C．The Ice Bucket Challenge has wasted a lot of water．
D．The world is facing another challenge-the water crisis．
31．What best describes the writer's attitude to the Ice Bucket Challenge？B
A．Exited．B．Worried．C．Satisfied．D．Interested．
16．Since the 1970s，scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers．Brain-computer interface（BCI） technology could help people with disabilities to send orders to machines．
Recently，two researchers，Jose Milan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne，Switzerland，showed a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts．
In the laboratory，Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand．He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts．
"Our brain has billions of nerve cells．These send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move．But spinal cord injuries or other cases can prevent these weak signals from reaching the muscles，"Tavella says．"Our system allows disabled people to communicate with the outside world and also to control machines．"
The researchers designed a special cap for the user．This cap picks up the signals from the scalp（头皮） and sends them to a computer．The computer interprets the signals and commands the robotic wheelchair．The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path．They help the computer react to commands from the brain．
Prof．Milan，the team leader says his team has set two goals．One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from．And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time．

12．How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory？D
A．By controlling his muscles．
B．By talking to the machine．
C．By moving his hand．
D．By using his mind．
13．Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5？C
A．scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair    
B．computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C．scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair    
D．cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
14．The team will test with real patients toB．
A．make profits from them              
B．prove the technology useful to them
C．make them live longer               
D．learn about their physical condition
15．Which of the following would be the best title for the text？C
A．Switzerland，the BCI Research Center
B．New Findings About How the Human Brain Works
C．BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
D．Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries．
3．When people ask me why I'm so negative，I always tell them I'm simply looking out for my best interests and everyone else's．But negativity gets a bad reputation．Everywhere you look，someone's talking about the power of positive thinking．
My life is good and I contribute it to imagining the worse and then being pleasantly surprised when the worst doesn't happen．Last week，I read about a report out of the Netherlands suggesting this outlook increases my chances of dying from heart disease．
This news might have moved me to change my ways，but then I saw an article about some new data from Denmark．Over the last three decades，Danes have been shown to have higher rates of"life satisfaction"than any other Western country．Their key to contentment？Low expectations．
As the article explained，Danes know they don't come from the largest，blondest or most temperate nation on the earth．They don't expect to be the winners of any game．So when good things happen，they are that much happier．
This is the philosophy I've been living for years．It's why I go to every party expecting to have a miserable time and leave for every vacation thinking it will rain．These things rarely happen，so every time things don't turn out so bad，I'm relieved and joyful．That's the power of negative thinking．
I strongly doubt if there is a sense of contentment being too positive，especially when expectation gets confused with hope．Americans seem unable to separate these ideas．Our entire belief is wrapped up in the myth of turning dreams into reality，of constantly reaching for higher goals，of never settling．Obviously，this can-do spirit turned us into the most powerful nation in the world．But I've always thought we would get better results with a belief like"the pursuit of contentment"．
It is interesting how it sounds strange that people often hope to get the best，while making preparations for the worst"．But that's the problem with positive thinking．Because it ignores satisfaction，which is really desirable，and runs after high expectations，which are less likely to be achieved．So let's stop being so optimistic．
29．What is the main reason why Danes have higher rates of"life satisfaction"？D
A．Danes live a rich life．
B． Danes have few social problems．
C． Danes are very optimistic．
D． Danes don't expect too much．
30．What does"this outlook"in the 2nd paragraph refer to？B
A． Positive thinking．
B． Negative thinking
C． Setting a high goal．
D． Imaging a bright future．
31．Where does the writer come from？C
A． The Netherlands
B． Denmark
C． The U．S．A．
D． Japan．
13．Among all the fast growing science and technology，the research of human genes，or biological engineering as people call it，is drawing more and more attention now．Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people．
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with，such as cancer and heart disease．Every year，millions of people are murdered by these two killers．And to date，doctors have not found an effective way to cure  them．But if the gene technology is applied，not only these two diseases can be cured completely，bringing happiness and more living days to the patients，but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved，therefore it benefits the economy as well．In addition，human life span （寿命） can be prolonged．
Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children．Some families，with the English imperial （皇家的） family being a good example，have hereditary diseases．This means their children will for sure have the family disease，which is a great trouble for these families．In the past，doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases．But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly．The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it，and a healthy child will be born．
Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities．In the past few years，scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep，therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned．But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities，for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way．Of course，the governments must take care to control gene technology．
8．What does"them"in the second paragraph refer to？D
A．People with cancer or heart disease．
B．Millions of people with serious diseases．
C．Some diseases doctors can do nothing with．
D．The two illnesses of cancer and heart disease
9．What can gene technology do according to paragraph three？D
A．It can help the English imperial family out．
B．It can be used to clone human babies．
C．It can help people to give birth of a baby．
D．It is likely to treat hereditary diseases．
10．What are people worried about according to the passage？A
A．Human babies may be cloned in a large scale．
B．Healthy human babies will soon be cloned．
C．Scientists may well find the wrong genes．
D．The government may not control gene techs．
11．This passage is mainly written toA．
A．show gene technology will benefit people
B．show gene technology will do harm as well
C．tell that gene technology is a hot topic
D．tell that gene technology is growing fast．
20．In a society such as the United States or Canada，which has many national，religious and cultural differences，people highly value individualism-the differences among people．Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special．The educational systems in these countries show these values．Students do not memorize all possible basic knowledge．Instead，they work individually and find answers by themselves．There is often discussion in the classroom．At an early age，students learn to form their own ideas and opinions．
In most Asia societies，by contrast，the people have the same language，history and culture．Perhaps for this reason，the educational system in much of the orient reflects society's belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism．Children in China，Japan and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments．
There are advantages and disadvantages of both systems of education．For example，one advantage of the system in Japan is that students there learn much more about maths，physics，biology and chemistry than American students by the end of high school．They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do．The system is difficult，but it prepares students for a society that values discipline and self-control．There is，however，a disadvantage．Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools，yet many students say that after an exam，they forget much of the information that they have memorized．
The advantage of the educational system in North America，on the other hand，is that students learn to think for themselves．The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas．There is，however，a disadvantage．When students graduate from school，they haven't memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have．
32．The writer's purpose of writing this passage isC．
A．to share his idea with others in a new way
B．to criticize the society that values memorization
C．to introduce two different systems of education through contrast
D．to prepare students for society
33．Which is NOT true according to the passage？D
A．The system of education in the West is more creative than that in the East．
B．Japanese students learn much more about science than American students．
C．Canadian students are more individual than Korean students．
D．Students in North America are not as friendly as those in Asia．
34．From the facts，we can infer thatA．
A．Asian students are more likely to do better in teamwork than American students
B．Chinese students are more hardworking in their studies than Mexican students
C．the Western educational system is much better than the Eastern educational system
D．the Eastern educational system is as difficult as the Western educational system
35．What is the best title of the passage？C
A．Advantages and disadvantages of educational system
B．The value of individualism
C．Educational system-an obvious difference between the East and the West
D．Memorization-an important learning method．
2．Many people lie awake at night，worrying about something from their job to the future．Now，researchers have discovered a simple and cheap solution：going to bed earlier．What time a person goes to bed and how much they sleep affects how much they worry，according to a new study．
Researchers found people who go to bed later，or sleep less，have pessimistic thoughts that seem to repeat in their minds，which they feel unable to control．
They also tend to worry excessively about the future，look back too much on the past，and experience annoying thoughts，mirroring the symptoms of people with anxiety and depression．
Regular lack of sleep might actually be linked to the development of anxiety，the researchers concluded．
The findings，coming after a number of studies，suggested getting between seven and eight hours sleep which is essential for good health．Less than this is thought to increase the risk of a person becoming fat，depressed，and can even cause severe health problems such as cancer and heart disease，because it upsets the body clock．
As part of the new study，researchers asked 100young adults at Binghamton University to complete questionnaires and two tasks on computer．These measured how much the students worried about something．They were also asked if they were more of a"morning"or an"evening"person．
The researchers found that people who sleep for shorter periods of time-and go to bed later-often experience more negative thoughts than others．
This was also true for those students who described themselves as evening types．
Jacob Nota，of Binghamton University，who carried out the research，said，"Making sure that sleep is obtained during the right time of the day may be an inexpensive and easy solution for individuals who are both bothered by negative thoughts"．
29．According to the findings mentioned in the passage，which of the following shows the correct order？D
A．Experiencing negative thoughts-＞Going to bed late-＞Suffering anxiety
B．Going to bed late-＞Suffering anxiety-＞Experiencing negative thoughts
C．Suffering anxiety-＞Experiencing negative thoughts-＞Going to bed late
D．Going to bed late～＞Experiencing negative thoughts-＞Suffering anxiety
30．What information do Para 2and Para 3mainly give？B
A．The causes of sleeping less
B．The  findingsof the research on sleep
C．Symptoms of anxiety and depression
D．The  effects of the research on sleep
31．How was the research carried out？B
A．By testing and comparing
B．Bysurveyingandanalyzing
C．By checking and measuring
D．Byobserving and interviewing．
3．There are many types of reports．A report is simply an account of something that has happened．The commonest are news reports．We get them in themselves，over radio and on television．Sometimes cinemas also show us newsreels．The main purpose of a newspaper is to provide news．If you examine a newspaper closely，you will find that there are all types of news：accidents，floods，fires，wars，fashions，sports，books，etc．The news covers everything that happens to people and their surroundings．Sometimes there are news items which are very amusing．
A news report is usually very short，except when it is about something very important，but it contains a lot of information．It is also written in short paragraphs； the first paragraph is in fact a summary of the news item．It gives all the necessary information，what，when，where，how and why．The other paragraphs give full details of the subjects．There may also be interviews with people．The words actually spoken by them are within inverted commas．Often there are photographs to go with the news to make it more interesting．
71．The easiest way to get today's news isC．
A．to go to the cinema        
B．to watch a color TV
C．to read today's newspaper 
D．to listen to the music over radio
72．Newspapers sell well mainly becauseD．
A．they cost very little         
B．they are easy to get
C．they have got pictures to go with the news
D．they provide all sorts of news in them
73．If you want to get enough information about yesterday's traffic accident within a very short time，you'd betterA．
A．read the first paragraph of the news report in today's newspaper
B．start from the second paragraph of the news report in today's newspaper
C．look through the whole news report in today's newspaper
D．talk with people who have seen the accident
74．To interest more people，a news reporterC．
A．usually produces amusing news 
B．always writes very short news reports
C．often prints pictures to go with the news
D．sometimes provides long and important news
75．This passage mainly talks aboutB．
A．different types of reports       
B．news reports
C．happenings to people and their surroundings
D．the length of a news report．

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