Loneliness is like a disease, and what’s worse, it’s contagious. It can spread from one person to another, according to the recent research that stresses the power of one person’s emotions to affect even people they don’t know.

The new analysis, involving 4,793 people who were interviewed every two years between 2005 and 2015, showed that a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness by the time of the next interview. A friend of that person was 25% more likely, and a friend of a friend of a friend was 15% more likely.

''Loneliness is not just the property of an individual. It can be transmitted across people—even people you don’t have direct contact with,” said John T. Cacioppo, a psychologist of University of Chicago who led the study published in the December issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Loneliness has been linked to medical problems, including depression, sleep problems and generally poorer physical health. Identifying some of the causes could help reduce the emotion and improve health, experts said.

Although the study did not examine how loneliness spreads, Cacioppo said another research has provided clues. “Let’s say for whatever reason you get lonely. You then interact with other people in a more negative fashion. That puts them in a negative mood and makes them more likely to interact with other people in a negative fashion and they minimize their social ties and become lonely,” Cacioppo said.

According to Cacioppo, loneliness spread more easily among women than men, perhaps because women were more likely to express emotions.

Lonely people become less and less trusting others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends—and more likely that society will reject them. Therefore, it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. Cacioppo emphasizes people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.

1.It can be concluded from the first .paragraph that .

A. loneliness spreads in social networks

A. emotions are only transmitted between friends

B. more and more people are suffering from loneliness

C. loneliness is actually a kind of disease

2.According to Cacioppo, lonely people .

A. rely heavily on others

B. are more likely to trust others

C. are less likely to be rejected by friends

D. will probably be deserted by society

3.The word “ minimize” in Paragragh 5 is closest in meaning to .

A. increase B. reduce C. create D. keep

4.What should lonely people do to get rid of loneliness? '

A. Refuse the help given by others.

B. Admit and try to solve it.

C. Interact with others more negatively.

D. Express emotions more often.

完形填空

请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸(卡)上将该项涂黑。

A little boy wanted to meet God. He thought it was a long trip to where God lived, ________ he packed his suitcase with lots of food and drinks and he started his ________ .

When he had gone about three blocks, he ________ an elderly man. The boy sat down next to him and ________ his suitcase. He was about to take a drink when he noticed that the man looked ________ , so he offered him a drink. The man ________ it and smiled at the boy. His smile was so pleasant that the boy wanted to see it again, so he ________ him another one. The man ________ smiled at him. They sat there all afternoon eating and smiling, but they never said a word.

As it grew dark, the boy ________ it was time to leave, but before he had gone more than a few steps, he ________ , ran back to the man, and gave him a hug. The man ________him his biggest smile ever. When the boy ________ home a short time later, his mother was surprised by the look of ________ on his face. She asked him what made him so happy. He replied, “I had lunch with God, and God’s got the most beautiful ________ I’ve ever seen!” Meanwhile, the elderly man returned to his home. His son was ________ by the look of joy on his face and asked him the ________ question as the little boy’s mother. The elderly man replied, “I ate and drank in the park with God.” However, he ________, before his son responded, “You know, he’s much________ than I expected.”

Too often we underestimate the ________ of a touch, a smile, a kind word, all of which have the potential to turn a life around. We should treat the people we meet ________ ; they come into our lives for a reason. Embrace all equally!

1.A. ifB. soC. butD. or

2.A. workB. studyC. journeyD. exploration

3.A. came acrossB. picked upC. learned fromD. took away

4.A. hidB. openedC. examinedD. ignored

5.A. worriedB. anxiousC. thirstyD. tired

6.A. refusedB. avoidedC. receivedD. accepted

7.A. lentB. boughtC. madeD. offered

8.A. againB. stillC. onlyD. just

9.A. imaginedB. realizedC. announcedD. pretended

10.A. played aroundB. sat aroundC. turned aroundD. got around

11.A. gaveB. promisedC. suppliedD. begged

12.A. leftB. calledC. missedD. returned

13.A. joyB. confidenceC. disappointmentD. horror

14.A. drinkB. foodC. faceD. smile

15.A. sadB. nervousC. amazedD. excited

16.A. sameB. strangeC. uniqueD. unusual

17.A. repliedB. addedC. remindedD. thought

18.A. braverB. shorterC. youngerD. cleverer

19.A. powerB. qualityC. favorD. difficulty

20.A. differentlyB. proudlyC. calmlyD. kindly

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