题目内容

13.When did you first want to drive?Imani Coker dreamed of getting her license in middle school."I can't wait till I'm 15,"she told her friends.
When she turned 15,however,Imani had a change of heart."If I get my license,my parents will take the fun out of driving by sending me places …not to mention,insurance is expensive.The streets are filled with crazy drivers,and I don't want to become one of them,"said Coker,now 16.
Coker,a girl from Richmond Heights,Florida in the United States,is one of a growing number of US teenagers who are losing interest in driving.
Learning to drive has long been a tradition for US teens-they can get a learner's permit at 15and a full driving license at 16.According to a study by the University of Michigan's Transportation Research Institute,however,the number of US teens getting their license is dropping more and more each year.Twenty years ago,70percent of 18-year-olds had their license.Today,only 54percent do.
So why are US teens not getting behind the steering wheel (方向盘)?As Coker put it:Too many problems,not enough benefits.
High gas and insurance prices mean that many US parents are stopping their teens from driving.
And now that they can text and use social media,fewer teens need to drive to a friend's house.A survey by ZipCar found that out of 294 18-34year olds interviewed,68percent said they would rather spend time with friends online instead of driving to see them.
"The problem with today's youth isn't that texting is interfering(妨碍) with their driving,it's that having to drive is interfering with their texting,"said Michael Sivak,research professor at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
However,it's not all bad news-there are positives to having an extra driver in the house.
"Whenever my mom is running late to pick up my brother from practice,I'm the one who has to go get him,"said Sara Mathhews,17,from Miami,Florida."Having my own car is a huge help to my parents sometimes because I can go to doctor appointments and do other tasks by myself."
28.What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?C
A.To explain the driving culture in the US.
B.To tell us what changed Coker's attitude toward driving.
C.To analyze why US teenagers are now driving less.
D.To explain how US teenagers socialize with their friends.
29.What discouraged Coker from learning to drive according to the text?B
a.Wild drivers in the streets.
b.The increasing difficulty of getting a driver's license.
c.Economic factors,such as the price of insurance.
d.Her dislike of being given tasks by her parents if she has a car.
e.Her concern that having to drive interferes with texting.
A.a,b,c        B.a,c,d         C.b,c,e        D.b,d,e
30.According to the text,with the popularity of texting and social media,US teenagersD.
A.find there is no need to learn to drive any more
B.are becoming less connected with each other than they used to be
C.become uninterested in driving because they think texting interferes with their driving
D.prefer to chat with their friends online or via texting rather than drive to meet them
31.By mentioning Sara Matthews in the last paragraph,the author intends toC.
A.show that she is an independent and helpful girl
B.advise parents to allow their kids to learn to drive
C.show that there are benefits for teens who learn to drive
D.prove driving is an important skill that teens must learn.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了如今美国青少年开车越来越少,原因是父母因高油价阻止和青少年对于社交网络的依赖失去出门的兴趣.

解答 28.C.主旨大意题.通读全文,可知文章主要讲了如今美国青少年开车越来越少,原因是父母因高油价阻止和青少年对于社交网络的依赖失去出门的兴趣,文章目的是分析为什么美国青少年现在开车少;故选C.
29.B.细节理解题,根据文章第二段:insurance is expensive.The streets are filled with crazy drivers,and I don't want to become one of them可知Coker不想学习驾驶因为在街上疯狂的机,经济因素,如保险价格,她担心开车会干扰发短信;故选B.
30.D.细节理解题.根据文章第六段"68percent said they would rather spend time with friends online instead of driving to see them"可知我们十几岁的青少年更喜欢与他们的朋友在线聊天;故选D.
31.C.推理判断题.根据最后一段:Having my own car is a huge help to my parents sometimes because I can go to doctor appointments and do other tasks by myself可知作者是为了介绍开车的好处;故选C.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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3.Who Are Today's Immigrants?
The world's population is more mobile today than ever before.In 2010,more than 200million people left their home countries to live in a new country.This is about 3percent of the total world population.Some experts believe that number will swell to 400million by 2050.Rates of immigration have remained strong for the last 300years,but patters of immigration have changed since World War II.The backgrounds and experiences of today's immigrants are different from those of the typical European immigrant of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.Contemporary immigrants range from unskilled laborers to highly skilled professionals,and they come from and go to countries all over the world.
In the nineteenth century and until World War II,immigration was primarily in one direction-from the Old World to the New World.This is no longer the case.Countries such as Russia and China,which have long been,and continue to be,significant source countries,are now also destination countries.There is also considerable mobility inside regions,such as from one European country to another,or among the countries of the former Soviet Union.
In spite of such differences,the push and pull factors for immigration remain essentially the same as they were 100years ago.Most people move to another country because they want a better life.For the majority of immigrants,this means better economic conditions.As in past generations,a labor shortage in one country often draws workers from another country,especially if wages are significantly higher.In some small countries,for example,Qatar,United Arab Emirates,and Kuwait,there are more jobs than citizens.The demand for labor is so high that the majority of the population consists of foreign-born workers,ranging from highly skilled engineers and financial experts to domestic and construction workers.
In traditional destination countries,such as the United States,however,labor needs have changed.Today,although there is still demand for unskilled labor,there is increasing demand for people with a high level of skill and education.The need for less skilled labor has shifted to other countries.As work on farms and in industry in the United States and Canada once drew workers from all over the world,now work in factories in Taiwan and south Korea attracts workers from Vietnam,the Philippines,and Cambodia.
Most global immigration is legal:however,a large number of people also move across national borders illegally in pursuit of employment.Experts estimate that about 15to 20percent of immigrants worldwide are in their new countries illegally.The United States has the largest number of these immigrants,followed by South Africa,with significant numbers also in Northern and Western Europe and Mexico.These immigrants face particular challenges because they often must hide from the authorities who might deport them back to their home countries.Their illegal status also means that employers may take advantage of them by forcing them to work longer hours and paying them less than the legal minimum wage.
Although economics remains the most important motivation in all forms of immigrant,other factors are also important.Some people decide to leave their home countries because their actions or political beliefs make it dangerous for them to remain.Others choose to leave because their home country has become too dangerous and unstable,often because of war or political unrest.They wish to find a place that is secure for themselves and their families.Education is also a significant factor for many modern immigrants.They want to raise their children in a place where they can get a good education,which,in turn,they hope will provide them with better prospects for the future.Finally,family and community ties also play a role in immigration decisions.As in the past,once a group of people from one country establishes a community in a new country,more people from that country is likely to follow.
The pattern,direction,and rate of immigration may change as the global economy changes.However,as long as life in a new country is more attractive than life in the old country,immigration will continue.

53.According to the reading,what are the patterns of immigration in China and Russia today?C
A.They are major destination countries for immigrants.
B.They are major source countries for immigration.
C.Many people leave these countries while many people also immigrate to them.
D.Some people immigrate to these countries but many more people leave them.
54.Why is the percentage of foreign-born workers so high in Kuwait,Qatar,and the United Arab Emirates?B
A.These countries pay very high wages,so they attract many foreign workers.
B.There are not enough native-born workers in these countries so they must recruit workers from other countries.
C.It is very easy to immigrate to these countries.
D.These countries are very stable so many workers prefer to go there.
55.Why do some employers sometimes pay illegal immigrants less than the legal minimum wage?C
A.They often do not speak good English.
B.Employers know that they will not complain about their wages to authorities.
C.Authorities might send illegal immigrants back to their home country.
D.Illegal workers often cause problems for employers.
56.Which is not the factor contributing to the immigration?B
A.Education         
B.Religious freedom
C.Political unstability  
D.Family and community connections.
4.In most languages,a greeting is usually followed by"small talk".Small talk means the little things we talk about at the start of a conversation.In English-speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather."Nice day,isn't it?""Terrible weather,isn't it?"But there is something special about small talk.It must be about something that both people have the same opinion about.The purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on something.This makes meeting people easier and more comfortable.In the UK people usually agree about the weather,so it is a safe topic for small talk.But people often disagree about religion or politics so these are not suitable topics for small talk.The topics for small talk also depend on where the conversation is taking place.At football matches,people make small talk about the game they are watching."Great game,isn't it?"At bus-stops,people may comment on the transport system."The bus service is terrible,isn't it?"

21.Small talk isD.
A.a kind of conversation with short words
B.a greeting used when people meet each other
C.to let people disagree about something
D.something we talk about to start a conversation
22.The favorite topic of small talk for English people isA.
A.the weather        B.politics        C.games        D.languages
23.The passage suggests that when we learn a languageC.
A.we should learn about the transport system of the country
B.we should only master the grammar and the vocabulary
C.we should learn the culture of the country
D.we should understand the importance of the language
24.When we say"Great game,isn't it?",we are in factD.
A.asking a question            B.having a conversation
C.make a comment               D.making small talk.
1.Have you ever intended to be fully absorbed in your work but found yourself distracted (走神) by e-mail,the Internet and other things throughout the day?
"People often lose their concentration when they are bored,of course,but also when they are engaged in challenging tasks,"says Peter Bregman."They sometimes have a feeling to escape from what's difficult or boring,so they jump out,"he says.The part of the brain devoted to attention is connected to the brain's emotional center.Any strong emotion-quarrels with colleagues,problems at home-can interrupt our attention.Studies over the last decade have shown that too much work to do at a time can easily lead to distraction.
Refocusing is hard for many people.Robert Epstein suggests the following,"Stop and listen to music for a few minutes.Go for a short walk or take a deep breath,where you breathe in deeply,count to five slowly,hold it and breathe out very slowly."This can"blow out all the tension and the unwanted in your mind to restore your focus."
Take more control by structuring your time and becoming more aware of your behaviors."Setting the phone alarm to go off every hour is my way of creating awareness,"Mr.Bregman says,"You have to inform yourself that you've lost focus in order to do something about it."Starting the day with a to-do list is important,such as when to eat,when to go to the gym or take a walk.But if it's overly ambitious,you will put yourself in a state of anxiety,which makes it hard for the brain to concentrate."Choosing three or four things as your priority (优先) for the day allows your brain to settle down and focus,"he says.
TopicHow to become more (76)focused/concentratedon the work?
(77)Causesof
getting
distracted
▲People tend to get away from things that they're (78)fedup with.
▲Strong (79)emotions/feelingsaffect the brain's part for attention.
▲People get distracted easily if (80)given/offered/assignedmultitasks at a time.
(81)Examples/Casesof
strong emotions
▲having a (82)quarrelwith a colleague.
▲meeting with problems at home
Tips on holding
attention
▲Stop working to restore your focus by (83)regulating/adjustingyour breath and try
different relaxing things.
▲(84)Plan/Schedule/Arrange/Structureyour time effectively and create awareness of your be-haviors.
▲Make a to-do list at the beginning of a working day.
▲Focus on 3 or 4 things and get them done (85)firstfor the day.

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