题目内容
19.In China,as in many countries,the north-south divide runs deep.People from the north are seen as hale and hearty,while southerners are often portrayed as cunning,cultured traders.Northerners are taller than southerners.The north eats noodles,while the south eats rice-and according to new research,when it comes to personality,that difference has meant everything.A study published Friday by a group of psychologists in the journal Science finds that China's noodle-slurping northerners are more independent,show more"analytic thought"and divorce more frequently.By contrast,the authors write,rice-eating southerners show more qualities traditionally associated with East Asian culture,including more"holistic thought"and lower divorce rates.
The reason?Cultivating rice,the authors say,is a lot harder.Picture a rice paddy,its delicate seedlings tucked in a bed of water.They require careful tending and many hours of labor-by some estimates,twice as much as wheat-as well as reliance on irrigation systems that require neighborly cooperation.As the authors write,for southerners growing rice,"strict self-reliance might have meant starvation."
Growing wheat,by contrast,the north's staple grain,is much simpler.One Chinese farming guide from the 1600s quoted in the study advised aspiring farmers that"if one is short of labor power,it is best to grow wheat."
To produce their findings,the authors evaluated the attitudes of 1,162Han Chinese students in Beijing and Liaoning in the north and in Fujian,Guangdong,Yunnan and Sichuan in the south.To control for other factors that distinguish the north and south-such as climate,dialect and contact with herding cultures-the authors also analyzed differences between various neighboring counties in five central provinces along China's rice-wheat border.
According to the authors,the influence of rice cultivation can help explain East Asia's"strangely persistent interdependence."For example,they say South Korea and Japan have remained less individualistic than Western countries,even as they've grown wealthier.
The authors aren't alone in observing the influence various crops have on shaping culture.Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008book"Outliers"also drew connections between a hard-working ethic (measured by a willingness to fill out long,boring questionnaires) and a historical tradition of rice cultivation in places such as South Korea and Japan,given that the farming of such crops is arguably an equally boring chore.
How China's North-south Divide Has Influence on (71)Shaping Personality | |
(72)Difference(s)/Distinction(s) in personality | China's northerners (73)feed (live) on noodles,and they are thought of as hale,hearty and taller with more(74)independence and"analytic thought"as well as higher divorce rates. On the contrary,the southerners prefer eating rice and have more"holistic thought"and lower divorce rates. |
Reasons | •Planting rice needs twice more (75)labor than planting wheat. •Cultivating rice relies on irrigation system that requires neighbors to (76)cooperate well. •If you are over independent,you might (77)starvein the south. •If you are (78)lacking (weak) in labor power,it is best to grow wheat in the north. |
The Research | •The attitudes of 1162Han Chinese students were evaluated. •Other unrelated factors like climate,dialect and herding cultures were carefully (79)controlled. •The result shows the influence of rice cultivation can result in more cooperation and explain East Asia's"strangely persistent interdependence". |
Another (80)similar(related,relevant) observation | Malcolm Gladwell also found the influence crops have on culture in his 2008book"Outliers". |
分析 本文讲述了南北差异以及差异产生的原因.南北差异体现在饮食文化、人物性格、人物形态、传统习俗等方面.而差异产生的原因主要是因为南方种植水稻,北方种植小麦.所以南方人吃米,北方人吃面.另一方面,种植水稻需要互相合作,而种植小麦则不需要.所以北方人更加独立.
解答 71.Shaping 72.Difference(s)/Distinction(s) 73.feed (live) 74.independence 75.labor 76.cooperate 77.starve 78.lacking (weak) 79.controlled 80.similar(related,relevant)
71.Shaping塑造,考查细节归纳.根据文中的第一段内容可知,本文讲述的是"中国南北分裂对性格塑造的影响".故填"Shaping".
72.Difference(s)/Distinction(s)差异,考查细节归纳.根据表格该行后面的内容可知,本行是讲述南北方人物性格方面的差异.故填"Difference(s)/Distinction(s)差异".
73.feed (live)喂养,考查细节理解.根据"The north eats noodles"可知,北方人吃面,是以面为食.feed on以…为食,故填"feed喂养".
74.independence独立,考查细节理解.根据"China's noodle-slurping northerners are more independent"可知,北方人更加独立.故填"independence独立".
75.labor劳动力,考查细节理解.根据"They require careful tending and many hours of labor-by some estimates,twice as much as wheat-as well as reliance on irrigation systems that require neighborly cooperation"可知,种植水稻比种植小麦要多花一倍的劳动力.故填"labor劳动力".
76.cooperate合作,考查细节理解.根据"They require careful tending and many hours of labor-by some estimates,twice as much as wheat-as well as reliance on irrigation systems that require neighborly cooperation"可知,种植水稻依赖于灌溉系统,这需要邻居们进行良好的合作.故填"cooperate合作".
77.starve饿死,考查细节理解.我们知道,种植水稻依赖于灌溉系统,这需要邻居们进行良好的合作.所以说太过独立的人,在南方就会饿死.故填"starve饿死".
78.lacking (weak)缺乏,考查细节理解.根据"if one is short of labor power,it is best to grow wheat"可知,如果一个人缺乏劳动力,最好种植小麦.故填"lacking (weak)缺乏".
79.controlled控制,考查细节理解.根据"To control for other factors that distinguish the north and south-such as climate,dialect and contact with herding cultures",可知该项研究控制了其他不相关的变量,故填"controlled控制".
80.similar(related,relevant)相关的,考查细节归纳.根据表格该行后面的内容可知,本行是讲述其他相关的观察报告.故填"similar(related,relevant)相关的".
点评 该题考查学生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力及概况归纳能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点,从而概括出关键词.
The famous English writer,Charles Dickens,said that he could walk down any long street in(19)C and then tell you the names of all the shops he had (20)D.Many great men of the world have wonderful memories.
A good memory is a great help (21)Ba language.Everybody learns (22)A own language by remembering the things he heard when he was a small child.Some children like those who live in foreign countries with their parents,seem to learn two languages as (23)C as they do one.In school it is not so easy for pupils to learn a second language because they have very (24)C time for it.
Memory (25)Da diary that we keep every day.
16.A.easy | B.easier | C.easily | D.hardly |
17.A.Some | B.Other | C.The others | D.Others |
18.A.until | B.after | C.when | D.but |
19.A.Beijing | B.Paris | C.London | D.Moscow |
20.A.went | B.walked | C.came | D.passed |
21.A.learning | B.in learning | C.with learn | D.learn |
22.A his | B.their | C.your | D.our |
23.A.good | B.better | C.well | D.more easily |
24.A.few | B.a little | C.little | D.a few |
25.A.looks like | B.does like | C.likes | D.is like. |
-We have got a general idea of what we want,but nothing_______ at the moment.( )
A. | ambiguous | B. | permanent | C. | concrete | D. | ambitious |
That evening,we were a bit (22)C for time.So instead of having dinner at home,we had fast food near the movie theater Oscar.There went the (23)B of eight movie tickets.
Then I met up with a friend and we sat around (24)D for a while,and another movie ticket went into a cup of coffee.After that,we figured we might as well (25)A around until the movie ended to pick up the boys.To help (26)D the time,I bought snacks.However,the (27)B went for an hour longer than expected.To watch the free movie,we always have to (28)B an hour of ads.
Oh,did I (29)Cparking and fighting my way through the (30)Dto get to the right theater?I could have sent the (31)Cto a movie theater in walking distance and had enough (32)D left over to watch ten more movies!
Next time I'm offered something free,I'll (33)A refuse it.
I should have known better.(34)D in 2004,I built my own business.One of my marketing strategies is that I often offer free gifts.I said"probably"because"free"is just the most irresistible (35)A in your marketing language.And it always (36)C.
If you don't believe me,next time when you do a promotion,(37)Athis test:one with and one without the free (38)B.You will be amazed by how many people will (39)D hundreds of dollars to get something for (40)C
21.A.for | B.or | C.so | D.but |
22.A.grateful | B.prepared | C.rushed | D.thankful |
23.A.time | B.price | C.chance | D.length |
24.A.singing | B.judging | C.bargaining | D.chatting |
25.A.wander | B.turn | C.look | D.gather |
26.A.save | B.waste | C.record | D.kill |
27.A.meeting | B.movie | C.walk | D.coffee |
28.A.break down | B.sit through | C.cut down | D.look through |
29.A.forget | B.continue | C.mention | D.stop |
30.A.race | B.park | C.gate | D.traffic |
31.A.employees | B.customers | C.boys | D.friends |
32.A.food | B.patience | C.room | D.money |
33.A.probably | B.angrily | C.definitely | D.repeatedly |
34.A.Ending | B.Writing | C.Reporting | D.Starting |
35.A.word | B.reason | C.letter | D.desire |
36.A.fails | B.cheats | C.works | D.loses |
37.A.try | B.study | C.face | D.attend |
38.A.help | B.gift | C.advice | D.market |
39.A.gain | B.bank | C.receive | D.pay |
40.A.something | B.everything | C.nothing | D.anything |