Today there are twenty to twenty-five million shopping carts rolling around the world．In fact.the shopping cart is presently one of the most often used items on four wheels.second only to the automob 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

12．

Today there are twenty to twenty-five million shopping carts rolling around the world．In fact，the shopping cart is presently one of the most often used items on four wheels，second only to the automobile．Indeed，almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart．They will，in a lifetime，push it many miles．But few will know-or even think to ask-who it was that invented them．
Mr．Sylvan N．Goldman of Oklahoma City invented the shopping cart in 1937．Mr．Goldman's invention did not make him famous．It did，however，make him very rich．When Goldman invented the cart he was in the supermarket business．Every day he would see shoppers lugging groceries around in baskets that they had to carry．One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels．The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers．And by lightening their chore，he would attract their business．Pondering the idea，Goldman walked into his office and sat down on a folding chair．Looking down at the chair，Goldman had another idea．The carts，he realized，should be made so they could be folded up．This would make it easier to store them when not in use．
On June 4，1937，Goldman's first batch of carts was ready for use in his market．He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving．He couldn't wait to see them using his invention．But Goldman was disappointed．Most shoppers gave the carts a long look，but hardly anybody would give them a try．After a while，Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren't using his carts．"Don't you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket？"one offended shopper replied．
Day after day，the same thing happened．People wouldn't use the carts．They preferred a basket on the arm to a basket on wheels．But Goldman wasn't beaten yet．He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try．To this end，Goldman tried something that was both very clever and very funny．Believe it or not，he hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping!Seeing this，the real customers gradually began copying the phony customers．
As Goldman had hoped，the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market．But not only did more people come-those who came bought more．With larger，easier-to-handle baskets，customers unconsciously bought a greater number of goods than before．
Today's shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman's original model．Perhaps that's one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937-before the coming of the shopping cart．

59．The passage is written toC．
A．tell about the life of an inventor
B．explain the power of advertising
C．introduce the history of an invention
D．analyze the secrets of business success
60．How did Goldman get customers to use the shopping cart？A
A．By showing how it worked．
B．By printing advertisements．
C．By giving a special discount．
D．By describing why it was useful．
61．What unexpected benefit did Goldman gain？B
A．Goldman became famous．
B．Shoppers bought more goods．
C．Shopping carts became larger．
D．More customers came to his store．
62．The passage suggests the following secrets of success EXCEPTD．
A．acting on your ideas
B．believing in your work
C．using your imagination
D．watching your competition．

分析本文主要讲述了美国人戈德曼发明了购物车并在他的市场里投入使用的历史故事．先前人们并不愿意使用购物车，经过戈德曼的努力，购物车成功地吸引了越来越多的顾客到他的市场里购买东西．

解答 59．C 主旨大意题，本文主要讲述了美国人戈德曼发明了购物车并在他的市场里投入使用的历史故事，故选C．
60．A 理解推断题，由第四段he hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping!Seeing this，the real customers gradually began copying the phony customers．可知戈德曼雇了一些人并让他们推着购物车假装购物，从而显示了购物车是如何使用的，真正的顾客看到这之后，都开始使用起来，故选A．
61．B 理解判断题，由第五段But not only did more people come-those who came bought more．With larger，easier-to-handle baskets，customers unconsciously bought a greater number of goods than before．可知客户不自觉地买了比以前还多的商品，这是戈德曼没有预料到的，故选B．
62．D 细节理解题，本文讲述了戈德曼成功地将他发明的购物车应用到市场中．而他成功的秘诀是利用自己的想象力发明了购物车，并把自己的想法应用到实践中，从不放弃，始终相信自己能成功．故选D．

点评本文考察学生的理解推断能力以及细心程度，只要抓住文章的关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节，就能找到正确答案．

练习册系列答案

3．The boy is excited about the coming music festival and he enjoys pop music______．（　　）

20．Simple living doesn't mean that you give up your job and start living in the countryside，but it means that we spend our time，energy and efforts on important things in life．It can be good for us in some ways．
Firstly，simple living can keep your mind peaceful．It makes sure that unnecessary things are out of your life and you concentrate on the real factors that affect the quality of life．Through simple living you can see the positive side of life and won't feel jealous and greedy．
Secondly，simple living can make you have time for your loved ones．Most of us become so busy in our lives that we forget to spend time with our dear ones．People who believe in simple living value the time spent with their loved ones．
Thirdly，simple living is helpful in the improvement of health．By choosing to be simple，you feel less stressed in daily life．Simple living gives you a new view on things and helps you join in creative activities．It allows you to devote some time to recreational activities，physical exercises，etc，which help you in leading a healthy lifestyle．
Fourthly，living simply allow you to have time to look back on the precious moments in your life．It makes you aware of your strengths and weaknesses．People who aimlessly pursue materialistic pleasure are often not sure what they exactly want from life．They never have time to analyze themselves．Simple living helps you stay happy with what life has offered you and helps in creating positivity in your life．
Lastly，reducing your expenses can make sure that you're doing your bit for the protection of the environment．If all of us reduce our daily expenses on electricity，fuels，etc，we'll be able to stop the degradation（恶化） of the environment．
（71）Title：Simple Living/Simple Living's （ Significance/Importance/Meaning/Value）

（72）Advantages/Benefits	Supporting details
Giving you （73）peace of mind	◆Making you concentrate on the real factors that affect the quality of life ◆Making you see the positive side of life and avoid bad （74）feelings like jealousy and greediness
Making you have time for your loved ones	◆Making you free to stay with your loved ones ◆Making you （75）value the time spent with your loved ones
Helping you in （76）improving health	◆Reducing your stress ◆Giving you a new view on things ◆Helping you lead a healthy lifestyle by （77）devoting your time to creative activities like recreational activities，physical exercises，etc
Reminding you of your precious moments in life	◆Making you know your （78）strengths and weaknesses ◆Making you know what you exactly want from life ◆Giving you time to analyze yourself ◆Giving you sense of （79）happiness/satisfaction/staying happy/contentment and helping in creating positivity in your life
Helping protect the environment	◆（80）Preventing/Stopping/Keeping the environment from becoming bad by reducing the use of electricity，fuels，etc．

7．Born in Ningbo，China in 1930，Tu Youyou，an old Chinese pharmacologist （药理学家），（61）received （receive） her 2015Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in Stockholm on December 12，2015．It was announced that she was one of the three scientists （62）awarded （award） the 2015Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in （63）developing （develop） effective drugs against parasitic diseases （寄生虫病）．She became China's first medicine Nobel laureate and she won the prize for the discovery of artemisinin，a drug that has （64）sharply （sharp） lowered the number of people （65）who/that die from malaria．Her discovery is a great （66）contribution （contribute） of traditional Chinese medicine to human health．
After she graduated （67）from the Pharmacy Department at Beijing Medical University in 1955，Tu was trained in traditional Chinese medicine for two and a half years．（68）Later （late） she worked in China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine．Now she （69）is （be） looked on as a representative figure of the first generation of Chinese medical workers since the establishment of （70）the People's Republic of China in 1949．

4．Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness，happiness，goodness and self-respect？The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as"honor"help you create this life of good feelings．
Here is an example to show how honorable actions create happiness．
Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item．If we keep silent，and profit from the clerk's mistake，we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement．Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune．On the other hand，if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item，the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty．We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul．
Then，what is it to do with our sense of happiness？
In the first case，where we don't tell the clerk，a couple of things would happen．Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief．In the process，we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect．We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted，since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends．We damage our own reputations by telling others．In contrast，bringing the error to the clerk's attention  causes different things to happen．Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable．Upon leaving the store，we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased．Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility．
There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions．Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions．Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence．And it's easy to think and act honorably again when we're happy．While the positive cycle can be difficult to start，once it's started，it's easy to continue．Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind，which is important for our happiness．
46．According to the passage，the positive action in the example contributes to ourB．
A．financial rewards            B．self-respect
C．advertising ability           D．friendly relationship
47．The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal toD．
A．lying         B．advertising     C．cheating        D．stealing
48．The underlined phrase"bringing the error to the clerk's attention"meansD．
A．offering advice to the clerk
B．reminding the clerk of the charged item
C．asking the clerk to be more attentive
D．telling the truth to the clerk
49．How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistakeC？
A．We'll be very excited．B．We'll feel unfortunate．
C．We'll have a sense of honor．D．We'll feel sorry for the clerk．
50．The best title of this passage isA．
A．Happiness through Honorable Actions
B．A Strong Sense of Humor
C．Keeping on Doing Exercise
D．A Beautiful Positive Energy．

11．Around the world coral reefs（珊瑚礁） are facing threats brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures．While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers，cold events can also whiten corals．A new study by scientists compared damage to corals caused by heat as well as cold stress．The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term，but heat is more destructive in the long run．
Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans，but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well．I 2010，for example，coral reefs around the world faced one of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record．
During a unique experiment，corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with the heat treated corals．Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions，make their health stable and continue to grow．However，over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered more greatly than those in cold，with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage，which leads to death．
The coral's ability to adjust to cool temperatures surprised the researchers，who say the study's results show the complexities of monitoring coral health in response to different environmental factors．
"Global warming is associated with increases but also decreases of temperatures，"said Deheyn，one of the researchers．"Not much has been known about the comparative effects of temperature decrease on corals．These results are important because they show that corals react differently to temperature differences，which is important for future management of coral reefs in the field of climate change．"

66．According to the first paragraph，we know thatB．
A．different corals suffer differently by climate change．
B．both heat and cold stress affect corals．
C．cool temperature is more destructive to corals．
D．it's hard to know the effect of climate change on corals．
67．The phrase"subjected to"（in Paragraph 3）is closest in meaning to"C
"．
A．referred to
B．adjusted to
C．exposed to
D．stuck to
68．By"Not much has been known about…"Deheyn probably means thatA．
A．we know very little about the effects of temperature decrease on corals
B．temperature decrease is not expected to have a bad effect on corals
C．it makes no sense to study the effects of temperature decrease on corals
D．corals may not have been affected by the decrease in temperature．
69．What is the passage mainly about？D
A．measures should be taken to control global warming．
B．Climate change has resulted in more cold currents．
C．Heat is responsible for the destruction of corals．
D．Heat can cold damage corals in their own ways．

8．A glass a day keeps obesity at bay．Alcohol has always been thought to cause weight gain because of its high sugar content，but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a   diet．Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight，those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight．
A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says，"Light to moderate alcohol intake，especially of wine，may be more likely to protect against，rather than promote，weightgain"．The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions，particularly that current data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight．
Boston University's Dr．Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms （生物学机制） relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood．His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes（糖尿病），which relate to increasing obesity．Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers．
The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat，and that this process could exlain the differences in its effects from those of other foods．They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks，taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight．
For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one's risk of becoming obese．What's more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine，destroys fat cells．

31．The passage is mainly for thoseD．
A．who produce wine
B．who are eager to lose weight
C．whogo on a diet
D．who have a drinking habit
32．The underlined phrase"in moderation"in the first paragraph meansA．
A．properly
B．carefully
C．excitedly
D．frequently
33．Why has alcohol been thought to cause weight gain？B
A．Because its calories are stored in fat．
B．Because it is rich in sugar．
C．Because it changes drinking patterns．
D．Because it increases the risk of diabetes．
34．What can we learn from the passage？C
A．The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear．
B．Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat．
C．The research found moderate drinkng has a strong protective effect．
D．Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight．
35．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows？B
A．How to do some easy experiments．
B．How to prove the finding mentioned above．
C．How to make wine in a healthy way．
D．How to reduce the calories contained in wine．

9．The preventive measures for forest fires include some preemptive（抢先）methods that can help reduce the risks of fires and control their severity and spread，and thus，maintain ecological balance and protect resources．Close monitoring of forest fires caused by natural factors can help prevent their spread to a large extent．To contain forest fires，fire departments usually use water and chemical fire retardants（抑制剂）that can be dropped from planes and helicopters．To control the spread of a wildfire．firefighters usually create a control line by removing all fuel from an area so that the fire cannot travel across it．
Controlled burns are often employed by government authorities to reduce fuel buildup，and clean up the fallen leaves，and thus，prevent the spread of forest fires to a vast area．Regular controlled burns can also help maintain biodiversity（生物多样性），as the smoke and heat produced in the process can facilitate（促进）the growth of seeds of certain plant species．Apart from these，responsible human behavior can help reduce the number of forest fires to a great extent．In fact，we can reduce the number of wildfires dramatically by not leaving behind any source of fire in the forest．
Forest fires can affect climate and weather to a great extent，besides causing severe damage to valuable trees．Wildfires can increase the level of greenhouse gases（water vapor，carbon dioxide，etc），and therefore increase pollution and global warming．However，they are also an important part of the ecosystem，and many plants depend on the heat and smoke generated by wildfires for their growth and reproduction．But large wildfires can cause extensive damage to the ecosystem，which again highlights the importance of effective control and prevention of forest fires•

61．What may be the best title for this passage？A
A．Control and Prevention of Forest Fires
B．How to Keep Ecological Balance
C．Effects of Forest Fires
D．Methods of Fire Spread Control
62．Firefighters get rid of all fuel in all area in order toD．
A．keep close monitoring of forest fires
B．prevent the forest fire from occurring
C．protect the animals there
D．stop the wildfire from spreading
63．The government arranges some controlled burns toC．
A．burn the rubbish and keep the forest clean
B．help keep ecological balance of nature
C．reduce fuel buildup and limit forest fires spread
D．provide reasonable conditions for some plants'growth
64．A controlled forest fire may play a positive role becauseB．
A．a new forest will appear soon
B．it promotes the development of some seeds
C．nature keeps its balance only by wildfires
D．it makes the trees grow faster than before
65．The last paragraph tells us thatB．
A．the greenhouse gases are caused mainly by wildfires
B．wildfires have both positive and negative effects
C．people should be aware of the necessity of wildfires
D．all the valuable trees disappear owing to wildfires．

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