题目内容

----What’s that noise?

---- There’s a truck stopping outside.It’s someone something.

A.deliver B.to deliver C.delivering D.delivered

 

C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:--噪音是什么?—外面停着一辆卡车。是有人在运送东西。这里用现在分词做定语,因为someone和deliver是主动关系,用现在分词。选C。

考点:考查非谓语动词

 

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EVERYONE has those nights – you lie in your bed for hours, tossing and turning, totally unable to fall asleep. You wish you could just turn your brain off as if it were a light. That would make things much easier, wouldn’t it?

Now it looks like you are one step closer to this wild dream of yours – scientists from Oxford University, UK have just discovered the “switch” that tells the brain to go to sleep, reported Forbes.

To understand the study, you first need to know that there are two mechanisms (机能) that regulate sleep. There’s one that we’re already familiar with – our body clock, which works in a 24-hour cycle based on the light changes throughout the day.

The other one is what scientists call the sleep “homeostat (动态平衡系统)”. This mechanism has nothing to do with daylight. Instead, it keeps track of the brain’s waking hours and urges it to rest if it has been awake for a long time. “It is similar to the thermostat (自动调温器) in your home. A thermostat measures temperature and switches on the heating if it’s too cold,” Professor Gero Miesenb?ck, who led the study, told The Telegraph.

Our bodies use both of the mechanisms to regulate sleep. “The body clock says it’s the right time, and the sleep thermostat has built up pressure during a long waking day,” explained Miesenb?ck.

There is no way that scientists can trick the body clock. But with the sleep homeostat, there might be something they can do.

The researchers found that the sleep homeostat works by activating a specific group of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain. They tested their theory on fruit flies by removing the neurons from the insects’ brains. And as expected, they found that the flies without the homeostat neurons did not keep a regular sleep pattern anymore.

Now that scientists have pinpointed (定位) the exact place in the brain – or, the “switch” – that regulates sleep, they can begin investigating (研究) how to activate these cells at any given time so that people can be sent to sleep instantly.

More importantly, figuring out how sleep mechanisms work may also help us to one day unravel one of the oldest mysteries of all: why do we need to sleep in the first place?

1.What is the article mainly about?

A. A new way to treat sleep disorders.

B. The discovery of the sleep “homeostat”.

C. Advice on what to do when you fail to fall asleep.

D. A comparison of the two mechanisms that regulate sleep.

2.How does the author explain the function of the sleep homeostat?

A. Through examples.

B. With comparisons.

C. Through cause and effect analysis.

D. By presenting research findings.

3.What can we conclude from the article?

A. Generally, the sleep homeostat has less effect on people during the day than at night.

B. There is little scientists can do to affect the way the sleep homeostat works.

C. What makes us go to sleep at night is probably a combination of the two mechanisms.

D. The more homeostat neurons there are in one’s brain, the more easily one can fall asleep.

4.The underlined word “unravel” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

A. put up with B. figure out C. keep track of D. take notice of

 

In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.

  These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can’t change your behavior by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It's more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you're a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you’ll probably do so, too.

  The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.

  Much of our behavior, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward.

  You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that'll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don’t try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.

  Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural networks inside.

  To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You're trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.

  This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness.

  If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you’re probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don’t just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief.

1.Which of the following is the first-to-none element in the 19th-century character model?

A. Action. B. Capacity. C. Resolution.D. Enthusiasm.

2.The research at Duke University indicated that ________

A. One’s behavior is tough to change.

B. Habit has an unidentified structure.

C. Habit plays a vital role in one's behavior.

D. Both habit and will power are of significance.

3.According to the new character model, personal behavior could be altered through

A. techniques to break old routines.

B. techniques to provide different physical cues.

C. cues to change all the former unconscious habits.

D. cues to manipulate the habitual neural responses.

 

阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair. Honesty is a good virtue. If you are honest

all the time, you'll be trusted and respected by others. A liar is always looked down upon and

regarded as a black sheep by the people around. Once you lie, people will never believe you

even if you speak the truth.

However, nowadays it seems that more and more people believe in money at the sacrifice of

honesty. To them, among such things as health, beauty, money, intelligence, honesty, reputation

and talent, honesty is the only thing that can be thrown away. They don't understand or pretend

not to understand that honesty is the biggest fortune for humans,.and that it is necessary to do

everything well.

In short, honesty is gold. Honest, your reputation will become great; dishonest, your name

will be spoiled: Therefore, we should never make such an excuse as "A little dishonesty is only a

slight thing." We should remove immediately the seed of dishonesty once it's sowed in our

minds.

【写作内容】

1.以约30个词概括上面短文;

2.以约120个词谈谈你对诚信的想法,内容包括:

(1)失去诚信的危害性。

(2)举例说明诚信的重要性并谈谈你个人的看法。

【写作要求】

1.在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历、虚构的故事或生活中的事例,也可以参照阅

读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,语篇连贯

 

 

 

 

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