Question

【题目】Eating too much fatty food，exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately：the air you breathe.

Previous studies have linked high exposure（暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can cause heart attack or stroke（中风） within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one report of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants（污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. Another study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency（EPA）considers to be of “moderate”(良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

【1】The text mainly discusses the relationship between _________ .

A. heart problems and air quality

B. heart problems and exercising

C. heart problems and smoking

D. heart problems and/span> fatty food

【2】The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________ .

A. relatively high B. extremely low

C. relatively low D. extremely high

【3】We can learn from the text that __________？

A. eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.

B. the EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

C. moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.

D. stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

【4】The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to _________ .

A. inform B. persuade C. describe D. entertain

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

试题分析：众所周知，摄入过多脂肪，缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险，但最新的研究表明，另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病的风险大大增加，那就是我们所呼吸的空气。

【1】A主旨大意题。根据本文主题句——第一自然段的最后一句可知本文大意是说明空气质量和心脏病发病率之间的关系，选A。

【2】C词义猜测题。modest原意是：谦虚的，温和的，由此可以推断出本文中其意思是：相对较低的，选C。

【3】D事实细节题。根据最后一句stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.更严格的规则不仅提高环境空气质量，而且保护公共健康变得必要。可知本题选D。

【4】A写作意图题。本文是一篇说明文，主要意思是说明人们所呼吸的空气和心脏病的发病之

间的关系，由此可知作者的写作目的是告知人们一个事实，故本题选A。

【名师点拨】

细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。

通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：

1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。

2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。

3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。

4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。比如第30小题，事实细节题。根据最后一句stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.更严格的规则不仅提高环境空气质量，而且保护公共健康变得必要。可知本题选D。这道题就是将正确答案简化。