It seems like every day there's some new research about whether our favorite drinks are good for us. One day, science says a glass of red wine a day will help us live longer. The next day, maybe not. 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

The World Health Organization recently reported that the number of cases of tuberculosis(TB) has been abating since 2006 . Also, fewer people are dying from TB. But a study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, says smoking could threaten this progress.
Nearly twenty percent of all people use tobacco, and millions of non-smokers get sick from breathing the smoke. The new study predicts that smoking will produce an additional thirty-four million TB deaths by 2024.
Efforts to control the spread of TB have mainly focused on finding and treating infections. Fewer efforts have been made to understand the causes. Dr Anthony Fauci is the director of the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases. He said, “Despite our control efforts, we still have more than a million people each year dying from TB and millions of people getting infected; we realize it’s still a very important problem. So we have to do the practical thing and we have to do the fundamental research things at the same time. ”
Smoking does not cause TB; bacteria cause the infection. But the study says smoking affects the nervous system in a way that makes an inactive case of TB more likely to develop into an active one. Stanton Glantz is the director of the University of California’s Centre for Tobacco Control Research and Education and an author of the new study. He says it shows that TB cannot be controlled unless tobacco use is controlled. He said, “It increases the number of people who will get TB by about seven percent.”
The study is described as the first to identify a direct link between tobacco use and rates of TB infection and death. Professor Glantz says the results should guide those creating health policies and TB control efforts. He said, “If you want to control the infectious disease of TB, you have to control the tobacco industry and the tobacco industry’s efforts to increase tobacco use, particularly in developing countries where TB is a big problem.”
小题1:What would be the beat title for this passage?

UGG boots have been a winter-weather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGG-enthusiasts don’t know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and cause foot problems.
Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.
Dr. Ian Drysdale，head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine，believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside，it will lead to more ankle，knee，hip and back problems. “These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn’t mean it’s good or right，” he said, “The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. It’s a slipper. You wouldn’t normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something that’s indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all. the time, someone will come up and say it’s not a good idea. ” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls，whose bones are “ plastic ” and developing when they are growing. “ If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way,” he said, “then the ultimate structure will be deformed ”
Mike 0，NeiU, a consultant surgeon, said, “As the foot slides around, you get wear and tear (磨损）on the joints on the inside of the foot The ankle is m the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems. ”
UGG AustraUa₉ who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Mirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs”（仿制品)which lack reinforced heels in their boots.
小题1:Teenage girls prefer to wear UGG boots because of the following except______

A．design

B．comfort

C．quality

D．warmth

小题2:Accordi^ to Dr. Ian Drysdale，_____

A．there is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG boots

B．wearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problems

C．it’s not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the time

D．teenage girl’s bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots

小题3:The underlined word “ deformed” is closest in meaning to_____
A. shaped B_ strengthened C. reformed D. damaged
小题4:Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Potential Harm of UGG Boots	B．The Popularity of UGG Boots
C．The Unique Design of UGG Boots	D．Benefits of UGG Boots

Vans, Keds, Dollies—they sound like the names of rock bands, but if you have teenagers, you'll know they're actually the latest in teenage footwear.
But experts are now warning that the latest shoes in different styles will be causing teenagers discomfort(不舒适） in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future.
Here, the experts discover the problems caused by teenagers' shoe choice.
KEDS/VANS

Slip-on shoes with elastic (弹性的) sides are particularly popular among teenage boys - with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands.
The main problem is that they are just too flat—so flat that the heel, which hits the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful.
BALLET PUMPS

The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems.
“As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing a difficult gait（步法）, this leads to short- and long-term problems such as calluses（茧子）, heel and knee pain.”
WEDGES AND STILETTOS

These shoes can also cause problems with gait. They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer's body weight forward, making them very shaky.
Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with continuous back pain.
SCHOOL SHOES
So what do podiatrists（足科医生）have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear?
Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on, with a small heel and a deep toe-box that does not press the toes, such as Clark's, Marks & Spencer or Rhino.
If your teen insists on wearing 'bad' shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics(矫形器) in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often change their walk and halt the damage.
小题1:Of all the shoes mentioned(提到) in the passage, which can cause the worst problems?

A．Marks & Spencer.	B．Wedges & Stilettos.
C．Keds and Vans.	D．Ballet Pumps.

小题2:Which pair of shoes may not be found on the podiatrists’ wish list?

小题3:The underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably means _______.

小题4:In which column of Mail Online can you find this passage?

阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
People who smoke could lose around one third of their daily memory, researchers say.
A study by a team at Northumbria University showed that smokers lost more of their memory when compared to non-smokers.
And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers.
The study involved more than seventy 18-to-25-year-olds and included a tour of the university’s campus. Those who took part were asked to recall small details, such as a list of songs played at a campus concert and tasks completed at various points－known as real world memory test. Smokers performed badly, remembering just 59 percent of tasks. But those who had given up smoking remembered 74 percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81 percent of tasks.
Dr. Tom Heffernan, who leads Northumbria University’s Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group, said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns. He said, “Given that there are up to 10 million smokers in the UK and as many as 45 million in the United States, it's important to understand the effects smoking has on everyday cognitive（认知的）function-of which prospective memory is an excellent example. ”
“This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an impact on memory. We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits for the body, but this study also shows how stopping smoking can have knock-on benefits for cognitive functions too. ’’
The research will now investigate the effects of passive smoking on memory, while Dr. Heffernan and Dr. Terence O’Neil will look into the effects of third-hand smoking－toxins left on curtains and furniture.
小题1:What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Smoking does harm to health.

B．Smokers take a tour to the University’s campus.

C．Smoking can affect one’s memory.

D．Smokers are compared to non-smokers.

小题2:How did those who took part in the study perform when asked to recall small details?

A．Smokers did the worst among the participants.

B．Non-smokers could recall about half of them.

C．Smokers could recall nothing at all.

D．Those who gave up smoking did best.

小题3:According to Dr. Tom Heffernan, the findings_______.

A．would be really a surprise to the public

B．would contribute to fighting against smoking

C．would be used in real world memory test

D．would be nothing new to the researchers

小题4:What does the underlined word “impact’’ most probably mean?

小题5:What will Dr. Heffernan and Dr Terence O’Neil do?

A．Investigate the effects of third-hand smoking.

B．Do research on how smoking affects passive smokers.

C．Find ways to persuade people to quit smoking.

D．Study whether giving up smoking affects memory.

Lots of folks don't think about what they eat over the holiday season until January, when they stare sadly at the number on the scale and then hurry off to hit the gym, join Weight Watchers or pick up the latest diet book.
It doesn't have to be that way. Health experts say you can still enjoy the holidays.
"It's OK to indulge（沉溺）, but it doesn't mean you have to gain weight," said Karen Ansel, a New York-based registered dietitian and a spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association (ADA). Jessica Crandall, a registered dietitian from Denver who's also an ADA spokeswoman, added that gaining weight during the holidays and then working hard to lose it again is not good for a person's body.
For starters, people interested in maintaining their weight during the holidays should keep eating on a regular schedule, the two dietitians said. Research has shown that people who skip meals -- particularly breakfast -- end up eating more throughout the day. "Try and stick to consistent meal times so you can avoid being overly hungry," Crandall said. "When you're overly hungry, you can make some bad decisions regarding what you eat. Don't starve yourself during the day waiting for that party at night -- because you'll eat too much or overeat."
Ansel suggests that you think now about the foods you really enjoy and plan to focus on those while eating less of more common fare.
Be careful, too, about alcohol intake, for a couple of reasons. Alcoholic drinks, particularly the fancy ones handed out at holiday time, tend to come loaded with calories. "It's usually what you're adding to a drink that contains the calories," Crandall said. Also, if you're drunk, you might forget to watch what you're eating. "It totally lowers your inhibitions（压抑）," Ansel said.
Other holiday eating tips, suggested by Crandall and Ansel, include:
?Eat lots of vegetables, and eat them first before moving on to the other items on your plate.
?Recognize that many holiday extras, like cheese or cranberry sauce, come loaded with calories. "If those aren't your favorite foods, don't put them on your plate," Crandall said.
?If your favorite food has a lot of calories, be sure to minimize your portion. "Two bites cure the craving," Crandall said. "After that, you're just really feeding your old habits.
?After a big holiday meal, don't sink into a chair or couch. Go for a walk outdoors or participate in some other activities that help burn off some of the calories you've just eaten.
小题1:Both Karen Ansel and Jessica Crandall ________.

A．think highly of the latest popular diet book

B．like going to the gym often

C．think trying to lose weight isn’t good for a person’s body

D．are registered dietitians and work for ADA

小题2:Ansel asks people wishing to keep slim not to skip meals because _________.

A．it will do harm to their stomachs.

B．being overly hungry will make them feel not well

C．it may make them eat more

D．it might let them make bad decisions on important occasion

小题3:Why does Crandall advise people wanting to lose weight not to drink wine?

A．Because if they’re drunk, they can watch what they eat.

B．Because it will make it hard for their body to burn calories.

C．Because wine itself contains many calories.

D．Because it will make them feel more stressed.

小题4:Which of the following is the proper way to keep slim according to the passage?

A．Eating more vegetables than rice and other food.

B．Eating more cheese or cranberry sauce.

C．Never eat food with a lot of calories.

D．Sitting less and walking more after meals.

小题5:The passage mainly talks about __________.

A．some advice on holiday eating	B．how to keep slim
C．the problems of fat people	D．what to do in holidays

How many times have you got upset because someone wasn't doing his job，because your child isn't behaving？How many times have you been irritated (恼怒的) when you've planned something carefully and things didn't go as you'd hoped?
This kind of anger and irritation happens to all of us—it’s part of the human experiences.
One thing that irritates me is when people talk during a movie，or cut me off in traffic. Actually, I have a lot of these little annoyances—don't we all？And it isn’t always easy to find peace when you’ve become upset or irritated.
Let me tell you a little secret to finding peace of mind: see the glass as already broken .
See, the cause of our stress, anger and irritation is that things don't go the way we like, the way we expect them to. Think of how many times this has been true for you. And so the solution is simple：expect things to go wrong, expect things to be different than we hoped or planned，expect the unexpected to happen. And accept it.
One quick example: on our recent trip to Japan, I told my kids to expect things to go wrong—they always do on a trip. I told them, “See it as part of the adventure.”
And this worked like a charm. When we inevitably(不可避免地) took the wrong train on a foreignlanguage subway system, or when it rained on the day we went to Disney Sea, or when we took three trains and walked 10 blocks only to find the National Children's Castle closed on Mondays...they said, “It's part of the adventure！” And it was all OK—we didn't get too bothered.
So when the nice glass you bought inevitably falls and breaks some day, you might get upset. But things will be different, if you see the glass as already broken, from the day you get it. You know it'll break some day, so from the beginning, see it as already broken. Be a timetraveler, or someone with timetraveling vision, and see the future of this glass, from this moment until it inevitably breaks. And when it breaks, you won't be upset or sad—because it was already broken, from the day you got it. And you’ll realize that every moment you have with it is precious.
小题1:The author would probably agree that________.

A．we should control our anger and irritation

B．we must get well prepared for the future

C．optimism can help us overcome our anger and irritation

D．anger and irritation is a natural part of our life

小题2:The purpose of the author is to________.

A．tell us his own experience in life

B．advise us how to find peace of mind

C．tell us a happy trip he took with his children

D．ask us to see things from both sides

小题3:By the underlined part (in Para.3), the author tells us to________.

A．get ready for the worst result of things

B．enjoy the process of things

C．expect little from life

D．find the relationship between cause and effect

小题4:The author’s children could enjoy their trip to Japan because________.

A．everything went smoothly

B．they had a lot of adventures

C．they had expected things to go wrong

D．they could soon get used to the customs there

小题5:We can learn from the passage that the author________.

A．often gets angry in his life

B．can adjust his state of mind accordingly

C．always expects others to act in his way

D．always suffers from his anger and irritation

One of the most important meals of the day is breakfast. In order for children to build strong bodies and for adults to keep well, they should always eat a good breakfast. Eating the right food is necessary for good health. You should eat different kinds of food in order to keep a good health.
It is understood that a good breakfast may contain eggs, bread, milk, and so on. By eating breakfast every morning, you can feel alive and active in the morning’s work. After a good breakfast you can step out into the morning air and feel wonderful. Anybody can feel better by eating a good breakfast.
Many fathers and mothers are unable to get their children to eat breakfast. There are many reasons for children not to eat breakfast. One reason could be that they do not have a good example. It could be that the father and mother do not eat breakfast. What ever the reasons are for children not to eat breakfast, it can be bad for their health.
Without breakfast children may not grow as fast as they should and may not study and play as well in school in the morning as they could. They can have more illnesses, and, when they are ill, it may take them longer to be in good health again than it takes children with good health habits.
Good eating habits mean eating breakfast. Unless you eat breakfast, you do not eat a full meal from dinner the night before until lunch the next day. This is quite a long time for the body to go without food.
Food is the source of power for the body. Unless the body gets food, it cannot keep operating at top speed. Without food the body will slow down. Nobody will live without food. It is necessary to start the day full of power. So you must eat breakfast so that you can keep in good health and do your best each morning.
小题1:What should adults do in order to keep good health?

A．Eat less and take more exercise.	B．Have less for lunch.
C．Have more for supper.	D．Have a good breakfast.

小题2:Many fathers and mothers are unable to get their children to eat breakfast because they __________.

A．always eat a big breakfast	B．eat a little for breakfast
C．eat more for breakfast	D．don’t have breakfast at all

小题3:What will happen to the children without breakfast?

A．They may not grow as fast as children with breakfast.

B．They may grow faster and better than children with breakfast.

C．They may grow as fast and well as children with breakfast.

D．They may study as well as or ever better than children with breakfast.

小题4:Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Breakfast can provide us the power we need.

B．Adults needn’t have breakfast.

C．Many fathers and mothers are unable to afford their children breakfast.

D．Only breakfast is important to us.

Cholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food. Cholera is an illness caused by the bacterium. It produces a poison that causes a painless , watery diarrhea( 痢疾) that can quickly lead to severe dehydration（脱水） and death if treatment is not given. Most persons infected with cholera do not become ill, although the bacterium is present in their waste for 7-14 days. When this illness does strike, more than 90% of the time is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea. Less than 10% of sick persons develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.
A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium. The disease can spread rapidly in areas without the proper treatment of drinking water. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters. Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera. Therefore, the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.
Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salts lost through diarrhea. Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amount. Antibiotics(抗生素) shorten the course and decrease the severity of the illness. To avoid cholera, we should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food.
小题1:If a person infected with cholera less than 7 days，he would probably .
A. die B. become sick C remain healthy D suffer from watery diarrhea
小题2:Which statement is true according to the passage?
A Cholera can spread directly from one person to another.
B. Eating raw food can help stop cholera.
C. Cholera is caused by watery diarrhea.
D. Polluted water and food can help spread cholera.
小题3: Cholera can be treated by .

A．replacing the blood in the body.

B．eating a lot of water mixed with sugar and salt and using antibiotics.

C．eating a large amount of sugar and salt

D．drinking a lot of water and eating a large amount of food.

小题4:In order to avoid cholera, people should         .
A inject antibiotics     B eat the food thoroughly cooked
C eat raw food      D. avoid meeting other people

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