题目内容
【题目】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It is important to deal with the rubbish in cities. Many citizens who unaware of the importance of protecting the environment throw away their rubbish in a way unfriendly to the environment. Rubbish must be treated properly. Thus, it may cause a lot of problems. It may result in the air and water is polluted. When people breathe and drink which has been polluted, we will get ill.
To our happiness, our city has begun to pay attention to the problems. As far as I know, some rubbish is sorted and sent to different factory. Rubbish, such as glass and old newspapers, are recycled. Some harmful rubbish is sent to the certain place and buried. Waste air is cleaned before it goes into the air. Waste water is treated before it is poured into rivers. To protect the environment, the government has passed laws to prevent people from throwing rubbish everywhere, made our city much cleaner than before. As individuals, we should do our part to fight against illegal actions at anytime we find them.
【答案】
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了垃圾对人们的危害性以及防止垃圾对人类造成危害所采取的措施。
第一处：考查增加词。句意：许多公民并未意识到保护环境的重要性，他们以一种对环境不友好的方式丢弃垃圾。分析句子可知，who引导的定语从句为主系表结构。系表为be unaware of“没有意识到”。故who后加are。
第二处：考查副词。句意：否则，它可能会引起很多问题。根据句意。故Thus→Otherwise
第三处：考查动名词。句意：它可能导致空气和水被污染。分析句子可知，pollute与water在逻辑上是被动关系且动作在谓语动词发生时也正在发生，所以用being polluted。故is→being。
第四处：考查连接词。句意：当人们呼吸和饮用被污染的东西时，他们就会生病。分析句子可知，drink后接宾语从句作宾语，宾语从句缺少主语，根据句意，what作宾语从句主语。故which→what。
第五处：考查代词。句意：当人们呼吸和饮用被污染的东西时，他们就会生病。分析句子可知，从句主语与主句主语都为people，故主句主语为they。故we→they。
第六处：考查名词复数。句意：据我所知，有些垃圾被分类并送往不同的工厂。factory为可数名词且前无冠词修饰，再根据句意。故factory→factories。
第七处：考查主谓一致。句意：垃圾，如玻璃和旧报纸，可以回收利用。分析句子可知，主语为Rubbish,所以谓语为单数形式。故are→is。
第八处：考查冠词。句意：一些有害的垃圾被送到某个地方并被掩埋。a certain+单数名词意思是“某一个”。故the→a。
第九处：考查现在分词。句意：为了保护环境，政府通过了法律，防止人们到处乱扔垃圾，使我们的城市比以前更加清洁。分析可知，主语为the government，谓语为 has passed 。make为非谓语且与前面句子的内容在逻辑上是主动关系。故made→making。
第十处：考查删除多余词。句意：我们应该尽自己的一份力量，随时打击我们发现的非法行为。分析句子可知， illegal actions 为先行词在定语从句中作find的宾语。故去掉them。
