题目内容

【题目】Where might the conversation take place?

A.On a golf course.B.In a doctor’s office.C.In an emergency room.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】

M: Mrs. Lang, where is my three o’clock appointment? They are ten minutes late.

W: Oh! I’m sorry, Mr. Robertson. Your patient cancelled the appointment because of a family emergency.

M: Well, that was my last patient. If anyone else wants to reach me, I’ll be on the golf course.

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【题目】 Kevin Adkins admits that when he lacks confidence, he uses big words to appear smarter, of which most people don’t know the meaning. “Only when I need to impress the person. I prefer using big words,” says the 45-year-old.

Adkins is not alone. Many people use longer words in place of shorter ones because they know, consciously or unconsciously, that when others form impressions of them after a glance or a short conversation, they often work harder to give the “right” impression. “People think, if I can show that I have a good vocabulary, I’ll sound smarter says Daniel Oppenheimer, PhD, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. However, if the listeners do not understand those long words, he adds, it will leave a bad impression instead.

The truth is that it can easily go wrong. “It’s almost a game that two people are playing,” says Eric Igou, PhD, a social psychologist at Ireland’s University of Limerick. “If the observer, person B, doesn’t have the same theory, it can backfire.” Person A may be regarded as showing off instead of being intelligent.

Using big words may also confuse listeners, which is definitely moving in the wrong direction, “People associate intelligence with clearness of expressions,” says Oppenheimer. That’s especially true when it comes to the written word. A small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology (应用认知心理学) found that the more writers tried to sound smart, the less intelligent they were considered to be.

So what can you do to sound smarter? Speak clearly and directly. Leave the dictionary at your desk.

1Why does Kevin Adkins prefer saying big words sometimes?

A.He wants to make himself more easily understood.

B.He believes that it is cool.

C.He enjoys the feelings of being mysterious.

D.He hopes that what he says sounds smart.

2What is Professor Oppenheimer’s attitude towards the behavior of using big words?

A.Disapproving.B.Favorable.

C.Indifferent.D.Cautious.

3What does Eric Igou mean by saying “it can backfire” in paragraph 3?

A.It can catch fire.B.Person B can fire person A.

C.It can deliver an opposite effect.D.The observer can also fight back.

4What can we learn from the small study in Applied Cognitive Psychology?

A.The writer who never uses big words is more intelligent.

B.The writer who uses big words the most is the most intelligent.

C.People like the writers who only use short and clear expressions.

D.The writers should avoid using big words often in their writings.

【题目】 Frederick Phiri is the junk-art king of Zambia: at just 22, he started to earn an international reputation for being able to make complex and elegant sculptures from scrap (废弃的) metal found in his community.

Phiri’s father died when he was starting primary school. Then his mother abandoned him and he had to stay with his grandfather. His grandfather paid for his schooling through primary school but when he entered secondary school, he had to get various jobs to pay for his fees. Yet even in school, he was always drawing and making things in class.

After graduating, he did what he could to support himself by making animal sculptures from wires and sold them to tourists. His work was so popular that it caught the eye of Karen Beattie, director of Project Luangwa, a nonprofit organization dedicated to education and economic development in central Africa.

“I introduced him to a local welder (焊工),” Beattie told Newsweek.

In 2017, Phiri worked with welder Moses Mbewe during the rainy season, helping to make a complex set of doors for Project Luangwa. The piece sparked an idea in Beattie’s mind: “I handed him a bunch of scrap metal and said, ‘Make something with this.’ And he did. It was wonderful.”

Today, Phiri continues his art, using pieces of junk people bring him—keys, broken bike chains, old metal plugs and whatever scrap metal is lying around. He then turns the junk into abstract animals—elephants, cranes, giraffes, chameleons—and sells them at Project Luangwa headquarters. The community has recognized his talents.

“My dream is to earn enough to study art at the Evelyn Hone College in Lusaka and be able to make a living from it,” Phiri said “and then to make very large sculptures.”

1What is Phiri known for?

A.Serving his community.B.Collecting works of art.

C.Being the king of Zambia.D.Turning trash into treasure.

2What can we learn about Phiri from paragraph 2?

A.He had an unhappy childhood.B.He paid for his primary school.

C.He had to support his grandfather.D.He missed school to do part-time jobs.

3How does Phiri feel about his future?

A.Uncertain.B.Confident.

C.Depressed.D.Satisfied.

4What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A.A Successful Path of Art.B.The Junk-art King of Zambia.

C.A Young Man’s Wildest Dream.D.The Modern Junk Works of Art.

【题目】 Consuming food can be a pleasurable thing-we enjoy the mix of tastes and textures (结构) and it stops us feeling hungry too. Of course, food also gives us energy and the vitamins and minerals that our body needs. It’s no wonder we spend so much time preparing and eating food. But what many of us don’t consider is how our emotions are affected by what we put into our bellies.

For me, it’s the unhealthy foods that put a smile on my face-chocolate, cakes and ice cream. It might seem obvious that food that’s bad for our waistline, usually makes us happy, at least in the short term. But dieticians tell us that eating bad food long term, not only makes us put on weight but can lead to other health conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病), and it can also affect our mental state and bring on depression.

The link between our mind and food has been looked at by scientists. They’ve recently found that it’s the bacteria in our gut that affects our mood. It’s thought we have 39 trillion of these simple, small organisms (生物体) in our body. Researchers at McMaster University in Canada have found that certain “good” bacteria help reduce anxiety in mice. Experts believe that, for us humans, this means food with “good” bacteria can improve the way we feel.

Many food products are claiming to be high in this “good” bacteria and some of the best types are homemade food like miso soup, yoghurt and sauerkraut (泡菜). Doctor Michael Mosley would agree. He says the best food to cheer us up is in a “Mediterranean diet”. Olive oil; oily fish, full of omega 3, which is really good for the brain; whole grains; lots of fruits and vegetables. Sugar: terrible for you! There are other factors that can change our mood but it seems we have some ability to improve how we feel by controlling what we put on our plate. Does your diet affect your mood?

1What helps reduce anxiety in mice?

A.Good bacteria.B.Bad food.

C.Large organisms.D.Health conditions.

2We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.

A.we can improve how we feel by controlling food

B.people had better eat less cakes and ice cream

C.Mediterranean diet cheers people up

D.some of the worst food are homemade food like miso soup

3The best title of the passage may be ________.

A.The Theory of FoodB.Change Your Food

C.Food and MoodD.Enjoy Your Food

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