Everybody hates it.but everybody does it．A recent report said that 40%of Americans hate tipping．But why do tips exist? The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

第三节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从51～65题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Strange things happen to time when you travel. __51___the earth is divided into 24 time zones, one hour apart, you can have days with __52___ or fewer than 24 hours, and weeks with more or fewer than seven days.
If you __53___ a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean, your __54___ enters a different time zone every __55___. As you enter each zone, the time __56___ one hour. Traveling west, you set your clock back; traveling east, you set it __57___. Each day of your trip has __58___ 25 or 23 hours.
If you travel by ship across the Pacific, you ___59___ the international date line. By agreement, this is the point _60___ a new day begins. __61___ you cross the line, you change your __62___ one full day, backward __63____ forward. Traveling east, today __64___ yesterday; traveling west, __65___ is tomorrow!
51.   A. Because      B. If        C. Although     D. When
52.   A. much        B. more     C. many        D. less
53.   A. do          B. make      C. go          D. travel
54.   A. plane        B. train      C. car         D. ship
55.   A. day         B. night      C. hour        D. time
56.   A. goes        B. changes    C. shows       D. adds
57.   A. ahead       B. upward    C. backward     D. fast
58.   A. neither      B. either      C. both        D. nor
59.A. travel       B. trip        C. cover        D. cross
60.A. which      B. what      C. that         D. where
61.A. When      B. Where     C. While       D. Before
62.A. time       B. calendar    C. date        D. hour
63.A. and       B. or         C. but         D. still
64.A. changes     B. makes     C. becomes    D. goes
65.A. which       B. this       C. that        D. it

Making group purchases of famous local products and cosmetics (化妆品) with co-workers has become a common habit for the nine-to-fivers. But if your impression of group buys is still a piece of paper being passed around the office, everyone writes their details down, or endless phone calls or faxes to the supplier, then I’m sorry to say you’re behind the times. The popular way to make such purchases today is to get on line, form a special “group” and shop together. Not only can you save money by getting the best discounts, but it’s also a great way to meet new people.
“You could cut off my clicking finger and I’d still keep shopping this way!” so goes a common comment left by customers of China’s famous e-commerce website “Taobao”. Some even refer to group purchasing as a “path of no return”, saying that “Once you’ve tried it, you’ll get hooked!”
The origins of this new trend can be found in China’s well-known online consumers’ BBS, 55BBS, and the shopping boards. Since most BBS users are “white-collared workers and students who live in concentrated areas, buying clothes, food, and so on as a group saves on delivery costs as well as – if they meet the seller’s criteria (标准) – earn gifts, discounts, and frequent shopper points.
Users of this online group shopping boards purchase a lot of different items, from Japanese and Korean style clothes and Ugg boots, through fake eyelashes (假睫毛), stockings, food seasonings (调味品), and kitchen knives, to cosmetic masks and online college courses. All kinds of things have people coming together in groups to buy them, and the pickups are often organized on college campuses or office buildings.
Internet observer Liu Chenxi points the purchasing behavior that these online groups’ power creates a “team” effect. Unlike e-commerce sites driven by individuals’ purchases, sites that create this team effect have users that come together to achieve a common goal. The Internet has made this joining of forces to form group buying power possible, and it continues to snowball all around us.
68. The passage mainly deals with _________.
A. group purchases with co-workers
B. online group purchases
C. how to do shopping online
D. buying famous local products and cosmetics
69. What does the word “hooked” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. excited               B. lost                   C. addicted           D. bored
70. According to the text, this kind of purchase has some benefits EXCEPT________.
A. earning gifts                                         B. making new friends
C. saving money                                D. saving time
71. What can we infer from the text?。
A. Online group shopping will become more and more popular.
B. The goods are usually delivered to each doorstep.
C. Doing shopping online is not reliable.
D. People prefer to do group purchases with their co-workers.

Compared to adults, children seem to be moving constantly．So it's no surprise that most parents who are quizzed about their child's physical activity level describe their children as fairly active．But a new study of nearly 2,000 British school children suggests that many parents overestimate the amount of physical activity their children are really getting．
The researchers equipped 1,892 British school children, ages 9 and 10, with accelerometers that measure all physical activity during a given time period．The research, known as the Speedy study collected the exercise data from children at 92 schools in Norfolk, England, between April and July 2007．
A child was regarded inactive if he or she recorded less than an hour a day of physical activity．Although the majority of children studied were getting enough physical activity, a sizable minority of children were not．Overall, 39 percent of girls and 18 percent of boys studied were getting less than an hour of physical activity each day．
But if you asked the parents of the inactive children to describe their child's activity level, the vast majority—80 percent—described their children as fairly or very physically active, according to the findings published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine．Interestingly, the children themselves had more awareness about their lack of physical activity．Overall, 40 percent of children overestimated their physical activity．
But it wasn't the parents of overweight children who were most likely to guess wrong about physical activity levels．The parents who were most out of touch about their child's physical fitness were more likely to have children who were slim．Parents of girls were also more likely to overestimate physical activity．The researchers noted that parents should be educated about the importance of physical activity for children even if the child is not overweight．
"Parents of slim children appear to assume that their children are adequately active," the study authors reported．"Increasing awareness regarding health benefits of physical activity beyond weight control might help have a correct idea of physical activity levels and encourage behavior change．"
69．According to the Speedy study, what kind of children can be judged physically inactive?
A．Slim children．
B．Children with less than an hour a day of physical activity．
C．Overweight children．
D．Children out of touch with their parents for a long time．
70．What does the writer probably mean by saying "a sizable minority of children were not" in Paragraph 3?
A．The amount of children's physical activity is far from the writer's satisfaction．
B．Only a small number of children were not getting enough physical activity．
C．A small number of children didn't overestimate their physical activity．
D．The minority of children were not studied at all．
71．The passage is intended to ____．
A．encourage parents to fairly judge their child's physical activity levels
B．persuade parents to keep an eye on their children's weight
C．urge children to wear accelerometers during exercise
D．advise parents to keep in touch with their children

Ⅳ．阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
The holiday season can be a very stressful time for many people．Sometimes，we ale too busy to shop for the right gifts for our friends and family．
Besides that，you may hurry，not only to find the right present，but also a parking place for your car．
The people you give gifts to have different interests，and it is hard to go everywhere to fend suitable gifts．Some of the best gifts I have found have been online．This saves me a lot of trouble．I can find the best sports tickets and best event tickets all from my own chair．
There are different types of tickets for sale online．You can buy anything nowadays from concerts to the best sporting events available．You may even find tickets for nearly everyone．
The tickets are colorful，such as the circus，shows for children，or The Sound of Music．These events are fun for the whole family and interesting gifts．
Wherever you live, you can get tickets for just about any city in North America．You won’t have to pay an arm and a leg for the best sports tickets or for superior seats for shows．Sometimes，the tickets can turn out to be cheapen
Tickets make truly nice presents．First of all, you don’t have to walk up and down the store．Secondly, you can usually spend less money．Thirdly, you have a vast of selections when you look for tickets on the Internet．There is always a clever choice online for everyone on your gift list．Want to know more? Crick here!
56．The underlined part “to pay all arm and a leg”means
A．to spend money in buying an arm and a leg
B．to spend time in getting an arm and a leg
C．to be busy driving up and down
D．to be busy watching sports meetings
57．The main purpose of writing the passage is       ．
A．to sell the useful and colorful tickets
B．to tell you some kinds of tickets you may buy
C．to buy the tickets online or in shops
D．to introduce a new way to buy presents
58．Which one do you think is the best title of the passage?
A．Ticket—a Nice Present
B．Do No Shopping on Holidays
C．Different Colorful and Useful Tickets
D．How to Buy Tickets in Holidays
59．According to the passage，we are sure that
A．the article comes from a magazine
B．you can buy tickets for your friends in any city
C．we may buy some tickets at a low price sometimes
D．a friend in England may get your ticket-present

What can be found in the two recent studies?
One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards．Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study, which appeared last month in the journal Science．They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma．The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group．The students played in groups of four．Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally．But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher．Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation （合作）．The groups that rewarded most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded least．And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings．The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment．
The other study referred to children, which was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse．Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups．More than eight hundred children were ages two to four the first time they were tested．More than seven hundred children were ages five to nine．The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test．Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not．The study says the IQs ?or intelligence quotients—of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were．In the older group, the difference was almost three points．Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire' worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation．Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children．He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development．He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common．
72．We can learn from the passage that ____．
A．the first study began last month at Harvard University in America
B．the Prisoner's Dilemma is a game that can teach you how to be cooperative
C．the study on the IQs of children was carried out by Professor Murray Strauss
D．Professor Mallie has done lots of researches on family violence
73．What study method was adopted in the two recent studies according to the passage?
A．Observation．       B．Questionnaire．      C．Conclusion． D．Experiment．
74．The underlined word "spanked" in the third paragraph refers to ____．
A．scolded constantly      B．punished physically
C．praised frequendy           D．rewarded mentally
75．Which of the following charts is TRUE according to the passage?

CHICAGO ---Call it a reward, or just “bribery(贿赂)”.
Whichever it is, many parents today readily admit to buying off their children, who get goodies(好东西) for anything from behaving in a restaurant to sleeping all night in their own beds.
That’s what worries parenting experts.
“I think that reward systems have a time and a place and work really well in certain situations,” says Marcy Safyer, director of the Adelphi University Institute for Parenting.
“But what often gets lost for people is being able to figure out how to communicate to their kids that doing the thing is rewarding enough,” Safyer says.
Parents and experts alike agree that the dynamic(动力) is partly a reflection of the world we live in. It’s unrealistic to think a parent wouldn’t reward their children with material things sometimes, says Robin Lanzi, a clinical psychologist and mother of four who’s the research director at the Center on Health and Education at Georgetown University.
“But you want to make sure that they match the behavior, so it’s not something huge for something small,” Lanzi says.
She recalls hearing about a father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system for scoring a couple goals in a soccer game.
Elizabeth Powell, a mother of two young daughters in Austin, Texas, knows what she means.
“You want to raise them in a way that they’re respectful and appreciate things,” Powell says of her children. “But sometimes, you wonder now if kids appreciate even a new pair of shoes. ”
小题1:Parenting experts are worried that ____ .

A．today’s children are fed up with material things

B．parents are rewarding their kids improperly

C．today’s children are more and more demanding(苛求的)

D．there is lack of communication between parents and children

小题2:What Safyer says suggests that ____ .

A．reward systems are quite limited in developing abilities

B．reward systems work well regardless of（不管） time and place

C．reward systems are still not made full use of to develop abilities

D．reward systems are often used at the wrong time and place

小题3:What can we learn from what Robin Lanzi says?

A．She holds a different opinion from other parenting experts.

B．She thinks children can’t behave well without being rewarded.

C．She holds a similar belief to Safyer and gives further explanation.

D．She doesn’t believe in rewarding children for good behavior.

小题4:The father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system can be regarded as
_____.

A．over-rewarding his child

B．giving his child proper reward

C．respecting and appreciating his child

D．giving something small for something huge

第二节完形填空 (共20小题，每题1. 5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Learn and Earn
Charlie and Jackie joined a wholesale company (批发公司) together just after graduation. They both worked very hard.
After several years, the boss made Jackie sales manager but Charlie   36   a salesman. One day Charlie could not   37   it any more. He handed in his resignation letter (辞职信) to the boss and complained（抱怨） that the boss did not   38   hard-working employees（雇员）, but only raised those who tried to please him. He thought that it was really   39 .
The boss knew that Charlie had spared no   40   for the company all these years, but in order to help Charlie to realize the   41   between him and Jackie, the boss asked Charlie to do the   42 . "Go and find out if there is anyone selling watermelons(西瓜) in the market." Charlie went, returned and   43   said, "Yes." The boss asked, "How much per kg?" Charlie went back to the market to ask and returned to   44 , "$ 12 per kg."
The boss told Charlie that he would ask Jackie the   45   question. Jackie went, returned and said, "Boss, only one person selling watermelons. $ 12 per kg, $ 100 for 10 kg. He has a   46   of 340 melons. On the table are 58 melons, and every melon weighs about 15 kg,   47   from the South two days ago. They are fresh, red, and of good   48 ."
Charlie was   49    and he realized the difference between himself and Jackie. He decided not to   50   but to learn from Jackie.
My dear friends, you know, a more   51   person is more observant, thinks more and understands in   52 . For the same matter, he sees several years ahead,   53   you see only tomorrow. The difference between a year and a day is 365 times, so how could you   54   ?
Think: how far have you seen ahead in your life? How   55   are you?
36.A. made     B. became      C. remained    D. kept
37.A. take      B. do      C. get      D. put
38.A. enjoy    B. meet   C. repay D. value
39.A. unusual B. unfair C. careless      D. selfless
40.A. rest       B. trouble       C. effect D. effort
41.A. competition B. relationship       C. difference   D. distance
42.A. following     B. finding       C. shopping    D. searching
43.A. still       B. again C. even   D. only
44.A. offer     B. answer       C. remind       D. repeat
45.A. difficult B. familiar      C. same   D. simple
46.A. total      B. lot      C. pile     D. number
47.A. taken     B. come C. bought       D. heard
48.A. value     B. quality       C. condition    D. shape
49.A. struck    B. moved       C. puzzled      D. encouraged
50.A. stay       B. stop    C. work   D. leave
51.A. important     B. intelligent   C. successful   D. hardworking
52.A. time      B. depth C. need   D. common
53.A. while    B. though       C. unless D. since
54.A. see B. think   C. know D. win
55.A. hopeful B. thoughtful C. helpful       D. meaningful

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