题目内容

   CHICAGO ---Call it a reward, or just “bribery(贿赂)”.
Whichever it is, many parents today readily admit to buying off their children, who get goodies(好东西) for anything from behaving in a restaurant to sleeping all night in their own beds.
That’s what worries parenting experts.
“I think that reward systems have a time and a place and work really well in certain situations,” says Marcy Safyer, director of the Adelphi University Institute for Parenting.
“But what often gets lost for people is being able to figure out how to communicate to their kids that doing the thing is rewarding enough,” Safyer says.
Parents and experts alike agree that the dynamic(动力) is partly a reflection of the world we live in. It’s unrealistic to think a parent wouldn’t reward their children with material things sometimes, says Robin Lanzi, a clinical psychologist and mother of four who’s the research director at the Center on Health and Education at Georgetown University.
“But you want to make sure that they match the behavior, so it’s not something huge for something small,” Lanzi says.
She recalls hearing about a father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system for scoring a couple goals in a soccer game.
Elizabeth Powell, a mother of two young daughters in Austin, Texas, knows what she means.
“You want to raise them in a way that they’re respectful and appreciate things,” Powell says of her children. “But sometimes, you wonder now if kids appreciate even a new pair of shoes. ”
小题1:Parenting experts are worried that ____ .
A.today’s children are fed up with material things
B.parents are rewarding their kids improperly
C.today’s children are more and more demanding(苛求的)
D.there is lack of communication between parents and children
小题2:What Safyer says suggests that ____ .
A.reward systems are quite limited in developing abilities
B.reward systems work well regardless of(不管) time and place
C.reward systems are still not made full use of to develop abilities
D.reward systems are often used at the wrong time and place
小题3:What can we learn from what Robin Lanzi says?
A.She holds a different opinion from other parenting experts.
B.She thinks children can’t behave well without being rewarded.
C.She holds a similar belief to Safyer and gives further explanation.
D.She doesn’t believe in rewarding children for good behavior.
小题4:The father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system can be regarded as
_____.
A.over-rewarding his child
B.giving his child proper reward
C.respecting and appreciating his child
D.giving something small for something huge

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A
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If you want your land to keep fertile, you must try to stop soil from being carried away by water or wind. When soil is taken away by flowing water or blowing winds we call it soil erosion. Ways have been found to stop soil erosion, and this is known as soil conservation. One way of stopping soil erosion is to grow small plants such as grass. These plants are referred to a cover crops, whose roots hold the soil tightly together. The rain water can not wash away the soil. When trees and tall bushes are planted at the edges of an open field, soil erosion by strong winds can not take place. The trees and bushes, which act as a very big and firm wall, protect the open land from the winds. The way to stoop soil erosion on slopes is to build terraces on the slope of hillside and mountainside. When the slope of a hillside is cut into “step”, water carrying soil can not run straight down the terraces, which are used to slow down the speed of the flowing water containing much soil in it. In this way most of the soil in the water is left behind on the terraces, much soil in it.
小题1:What takes place in soil erosion?
A.Flood happens to the fertile land
B.A large quantity of the soil loses away gradually.
C.Terraces are built on the slope of hillside or mountainside.
D.Plants are grown to protect the open land
小题2:“Cover crops” in this passage means _________.?
A. grass        B. trees and bushes     C. plants life and an area
E.   covering plants that produce grain or vegetables
小题3:Besides growing small plants, another method to fight against soil erosion is to ___________.
A.build terracesB.build wallsC.plant treesD.plant tall bushes
小题4:According to the passage, trees and tall bushes are planted around an open field ________________.
A.because their roots hold soil tightly
B.to stop soil from being blown away by winds.
C.Because soil erosion causes terrible damages to crops
D.To keep the balance of nature
小题5:Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A.What Causes Soil Erosion
B.The Importance of Erosion
C.Rain Erosion and Wind Erosion
D.Erosion and the Way of Tight against Erosion

第一节:完形填空(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从2l-30各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It’s an age-old saying: Men are from Mars; women are from Venus. Males and females __21_ different behaviors almost from birth. Researchers say these behaviors are due to basic differences in __22_ structure and activity. Studies show men are better at hitting targets and __23__ math problems while women are better at memorizing words and_24__faces. Why the differences?
A test of the brain’s electrical activity shows that women commonly use both sides of their brain while men rely more on one. Scientists already know that the two sides of the brain control different functions---one controlling the sense of space, __25__, the other controlling language. Some researchers believe that the different ways men and women use their brains _26__from ancient times, when cave men hunted and women cared for the children. Men had to have good aim. Women had to talk to the kids.
Whatever the __27__, the battle of the sexes continues. And although their brains are constructed __28__ differently, men and women may be equally capable. They may simply __29__different abilities. Take a couple arguing over the location of their car in a parking lot. The man might use his sense of space to find it, while the woman relies on her __30__ of landmarks. Both of them find the car. But chances are, they’ll still argue about who’s the better driver and who’s better at finding the way home.
21. A .build                   B. form               C. choose                   D. show
22. A. brain                B. muscle                C. heart              D. head
23. A. testing        B. finding             C. making            D. solving
24. A. realizing          B. recognizing         C. describing          D. painting
25. A. at least           B. as a result            C. above all           D. for example
26. A. grew            B. developed              C. invented           D. produced
27. A. consideration     B. decision            C. imagination         D. explanation
28. A. slightly           B. heavily             C. greatly              D. quite
29. A. show off            B. take on            C. depend on                D. keep up
30. A. drawing          B. memory              C. thinking                D. setting

Everybody hates it,but everybody does it.A recent report said that 40%of Americans hate tipping.But why do tips exist?
The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality.It is believed that the better the service is,the bigger the tip will be.
But according to a new research from Cornell University,tips no longer serve any useful function.The paper analyzes number they got from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants.The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak.
Tipping is better explained by culture than by the money people spend.In America,tipping is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service.In New York restaurants,failing to tip at least 15%could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers Hairdressers can expect to get 15%一20%.and the mall who delivers your fast food should be paid$2.In Europe,tipping is less common.In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge In many Asian countries,tipping has never really caught on at a11.Only a few have really taken to tipping。
According to Michael Lynn,the Cornell papers’author,countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more.tie says,“In America,where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others,tipping is about social approval If you tip badly,people think less of you .Tipping well is a chance to show off.”
68.This passage is mainly about        
A.different kinds of tipping in different countries
B.the relationship between tipping and countries
C.the origin and present meanings of tipping
D.the reason why American people hate tipping
69.Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase“caught on”in paragraph 4?
A.been hated      B.become popular   C.been stopped    D.been permitted
70.Eating in a well—known restaurant in New York,who is likely to tip most?
A.A Frenchman.    B.A Chinese.  C.A Japanese.    D.An American.
71.We can infer from this passage that        .
A.tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves
B.tipping has something to do with people’s character
C.tipping in America can make service better now
D.tipping is no longer popular in New York

第三部分 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A flock of hungry pigeons were flying across the sky in search of food. Having traveled a long distance, they felt tired and settled down on a tree. Just below the tree, they saw grains strewn(抛洒)all over the ground. The pigeons were happy to have found enough food to eat. All the pigeons came down from the tree and started eating the grains. As they were doing so, a huge net fell on them and trapped them all.
The pigeons were taken aback. They noticed a hunter sitting at a distance from the tree, a bow and arrow in hand. The pigeons realized it was the hunter who had trapped them in the net. The hunter got up and began to move towards the pigeons.
The leader of the pigeons spoke,“ Friends, we are in great trouble. The hunter will catch us if we do not act swiftly in a few seconds. There is only one option available at this moment. Let all of us use our force together and fly up along with the net. If all of us use our force and fly together, we can fly carrying the net along with us. Let us start now.”
All the pigeons agreed with him and flew high carrying the net along with them, After traveling enough distance away from the hunter, the pigeons settled on a tree and carefully came out of the net one by one and thus escaped the evil design of the hunter.
56. Who strewed the grains over the ground?
A. A villager.      B. The hunter.       C. The pigeon owner.  D. The writer.
57. The word “_________” has the closest meaning to the underlined word “option“.
A. reason         B. choice           C. action            D. opinion
58. How did the pigeons react when they got trapped?
A. They didn’t know what to do.         B. They tried to fly in all directions.
C. They remained rather calm.           D. They decided to fight for their lives.
59. This story wants to tell us that ________.
A. two heads are better than one         B. confidence will save everyone
C. teamwork can work wonders          D. actions speaker louder than words

Four Insurance Policies You Can' t Do Without
A single gap in insurance coverage could wipe out the money that yon' ve earned for many years through your hard work.That' s why it' s important to give yourself a yearly insurance checkup, whether you buy your policies through an agent or from one of the growing number of insurance companies.
Health.Before selecting a policy from your employer or deciding among Medicare options, review your current health,predictable medical needs, and family status.This review should help you avoid a plan that fails to cover a necessary treatment or paying for services that you know you'll never use.
Disability. Your chances of becoming disabled before you retire are far greater than your chances of dying. So every working person needs some kind of disability coverage. If you are working for an employer who offers less than that, you can buy an individual policy to promote your coverage.
Homeowners or renters. Make sure you have replacement-cost coverage that would pay the current costs of rebuilding your home and replacing your personal possessions. A policy that would only pay for the decrease in value of these items isn' t good enough, because you could end up recovering just a small part of their costs. Don' t forget flood and/or earthquake insurance if you live in a locate that has a possible tendency to these types of disasters.
Life. Empty nesters and retirees may. no longer need life insurance at all. But if you have dependents who would suffer financially if you died, it' s still a must.
65. To have your insurance checkup every year is mainly because _______.
A. the gap in insurance coverage could cost you a large sum
B. the gap in insurance coverage could bring you benefits
C. some insurance agencies cover few of your policies
D. too many insurance companies prefer to sell coverage
66. _______ can be ignored while deciding among Medicare choices.
A. Your necessary treatment.                   B. Your personal health at present.
C. Your social status.                           D. Your predictable medical needs.
67. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Workers needn' t buy personal disability coverage if their bosses offer that
B. Insurance companies can secure the full value of private possessions
C. Earthquake insurance can cover replacement-cost caused by the disaster
D. Divorced or retired people may need life insurance for their dependents
68. We can infer that demand for insurance_______.
A. varies due to individual needs of coverage
B. stays the same whether you are working or not
C. increases when we move to a new place
D. decreases if we have a large family to support

Most teenagers are given pocket money by their parents in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Teenagers get between £7 and £20 a Week. They spend it on fast food, clothes, the cinema, concerts, magazines and mobile phone.
Lazy parents?
37% of parents pay teenagers to clean the room, and 66% of parents pay teenagers to take the rubbish out.
Lazy teens?
51% of teenagers don't make their beds before they leave home. Only 13 % of teenagers wash the car for money. Some parents even pay their teenagers to do their homework.
Equality? Not yet!
Boys get more money than girls for most odd jobs. For washing the dishes, boys get about £4 and girls get about £1.
And if you need some more money?
Teens get an extra £250 a year out of their parents except pocket money! About 50% of teens get gifts of money from their grandparents. Go to Mum if you need extra money! She gives more than Dad.
Where you live makes a difference!
Parents in Scotland and the North of England give the most pocket money.
Spending
51% spend their money on clothes. 30% buy cosmetics, jewelry and toiletries (化妆品). Less than 40% of teenagers save their money.
Earnings
Here is what some children told us about their pocket money: I get £30 a month. I have to take the rubbish out and tidy my room. -- Emma, 15, Edinburgh
I get £10 a week. But I have to clean the car and the house and load and unload the dishwasher. I usually save the money. -- James, 12, Sheffield.
I get £7.50 a week. I have to be "good" but I don't have to do any jobs for the money. -- Lain, 13, Cardiff.
I get £5 a week. But our neighbors go away a lot and they give me £25 a week for looking after their cats. -- Richard, 13, Belfast.
68. Which of the following would be the best title for the test?
A. How to get pocket money.                               B. Pocket money in Britain.
C. How to spend pocket money.                         D. How teenagers everywhere get pocket money.
69. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Most parents are so lazy that they let their children do housework.
B. Most teens are too lazy to do housework unless they are given pocket money.
C. Boys and girls aren't equal in getting pocket money when they do odd jobs.
D. It isn't right for children to ask for pocket money.
70. We can infer from the passage that.
A. boys earn the same amount of money at home as girls
B. only rich parents give children pocket money
C. girls earn more money at home than boys
D. most children don't save their pocket money
71. Who probably gets the most pocket money for a whole year according to the passage?
A. Richard.           B. James.            C. Lain.              D. Emma.
Justin’s bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires, bent tennis rackets, deflated(瘪掉的)basketballs, and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door. His parents pleaded with him to clean out his room.
“What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bottom?” his father asked. But Justin simply smiled and repeated his motto, “Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy.”
When Justin was away from home, he always carried his blue backpack--a smaller version of his bedroom--a place to store the many objects that he collected. It was so worn and stretched that it hardly resembled a backpack anymore.
Justin had earned a reputation for figuring things out and getting people out of otherwise hopeless situations. Many of his classmates and neighbors sought him out when they needed help with a problem. On the first day of school, his friend Kenny, came looking for Justin.
“Do you think you have something in your bag that could help me remember my locker combination?” he asked. “I lost the piece of paper it was written on. I have a science class in two minutes and if I’m late on the first day it’ll make me look bad for the rest of the year.” Kenny looked really worried.
“Relax,” Justin said, taking his backpack off and unzipping the top. “Remember how you borrowed my notebook in homeroom to write the combination down? Well, I know how we can recover what you wrote.”
He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag. The page that Kenny had written on had left faint marks on another page in the notebook. Justin held the pencil on its side and rubbed it lightly over the marks. Slowly but surely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white, set off by the gray pencil rubbings.
“That’s amazing!” Kenny said. “I owe you one.” And he dashed off to open his locker.
It was just another day in the life of the boy whose motto was “Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy.”
小题1:Why is Justin’s room such a mess?
A.He always forgets to clean it.B.He shares the room with his brother.
C.He has no time to clean it.D.He never throws anything away.
小题2:In what way is Justin’s backpack a smaller version of his bedroom?
A.He uses it as a place to store objects.
B.He uses it to carry his books and sports equipment.
C.His parents tell him to clean it all the time.
D.He’s had it for as long as he can remember.
小题3:The underlined phrase "pleaded with" means
A.ignoredB.askedC.pushedD.Ordered
小题4:How does Kenny feel toward Justin?
A.Annoyed.B.Disinterested.C.Grateful.D.Angry.

There was one shop in the town of Mufulira which was widely known for its racial discrimination. It was a drugstore. While Europeans were served at the counter, a long line of Africans queued at the window and often not only were kept waiting but were treated rudely by the shop assistants. One day I was determined to make a public protest (抗议) against this kind of thing, and many of the schoolboys in my class followed me to the store,
I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medicine. As soon as he saw me standing in the place where only European customers were allowed to stand he shouted at me in a bastard (怪声怪气的) language which is only used by a boss when speaking to his servants. I stood at the counter and politely requested in proper English that I should be served. The manager became angry and said, “Even if you stand there till Christmas, I will never serve you.”
I went to the District Commissioner’s office. Fortunately, he was out, for he was one of the old school; however, I saw a young District officer who was a friend of mine. He was very concerned to hear my story and told me that all I had to do was come to him personally and he wou1d buy my medicine for me. I protested that that was not good enough. I asked him to accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager. This he did, and I well remember him saying to the manager,“Here is Mr. Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council, and you treat him like a common servant.” The manager of the drugstore apologized and said, “If only he had introduced himself and explained who he was, then, of course I should have given him proper service.”
I had to explain once again that he had missed my point. Why should I have to introduce myself every time I went into a store … any more than I should have to buy my medicine by going to a European friend? I want to prove that any man of any color, whatever his position, should have the right to go into any shop and buy what he wanted, After all, the money which I paid across the counter was exactly the same money as was paid by a European customer.
72. The writer was, at the time of the story, _________.
A. a European officer
B. an African servant
C. a drugstore assistant
D. a black school teacher
73. The manager of the drugstore shouted at the writer in dirty words because     .
A. he could not speak English in a polite way
B. he thought the writer wouldn’t understand English
C. that was the language he used when speaking to Africans
D. that was the only language he could speak when he was angry
74. In paragraph 3, the underlined sentence “he was one of the old school” means    .
A. he stuck to those old racial ideas
B. he graduated from an old white school
C. he was in charge of an old black school
D. he was an old official in the government
75. Why didn’t the writer wait at the window of the drugstore like other Africans?
A. He believed his white friends would help him out.
B. He wanted to fight for equal rights of all black people.
C. He thought he was educated and should he treated differently.
D. He thought, being an important person. he should not be kept waiting.

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