题目内容
16．When we give our kids holiday gifts，many of us can't wait to hear their appreciative cries of"thank you!"once the wrapping gets ripped off．But here's a tip：You'd be wise not to expect much gratitude from them for what they receive．Gratitude can make us happier，healthier，and even fitter．But do the kids show their gratitude for the stuff we buy them？All the research I've done has convinced me that it won't happen．One mom told me that when she asked her 16-year-old son to thank her for buying him a cellphone，he said，"But that's what moms should do．"From a teenager's angle，it's a parent's responsibility to take care of the family．According to Dunham，Yale's assistant professor of psychology，"When teenagers code it that way，a gift is no longer something given freely and voluntarily"-it's just mom and dad living up to their obligation．
Parents do have the right to demand good manners and children should thank sincerely whoever gives them something．But kids can't know how blessed they are unless they have a basis for comparison．And they don't learn that by a parent complaining that they're ungrateful．We need to give our children the gift of a wider world view．Show by example that gratitude isn't about stuff-which ultimately can't make any of us happy anyway．It's about realizing how lucky you are and paying your good fortune forward．
You can collect all the charitable appeals and sit down together with the kids to go through them．You set the budget for giving and the kids decide how it's distributed．Once the conversation about gratitude gets started，it's much easier to continue all year．Also you can set up a family routine at bedtime where kids describe three things that have made them grateful．When kids go off to college，you can text them a picture each week of something that inspires your appreciation．
Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the good in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give them．And we can all learn together that the things that really matter aren't on sale at a department store．
8．How do children respond when receiving gifts from their parents？D
A．They show no interest in their parents'gifts．
B．They can't wait to open their parents'gifts．
C．They show much gratitude to their parents for the gifts．
D．They take their parents'gifts for granted．
9．To make children grateful for what they have，parents shouldC．
A．live up to their obligation B．ask their children to have good manners
C．teach their children by setting an example D．complain their children are ungrateful
10．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs？A
A．No gifts are greater than teaching children to be positive and grateful．
B．Children ought to realize how lucky they are to have considerate parents．
C．Children are supposed to decide how to distribute their own money
D．It is easy for parents to start the conversation about gratitude．
11．What's the purpose of the author writing this text？B
A．To explain the reason why children offer no gratitude to their parents．
B．To give advice to parents on how to help children develop gratitude．
C．To encourage parents to do things together with their children．
D．To remind parents of their responsibility to educate their children．
分析 本文属于议论文阅读，告诉我们现代社会中很多孩子对于自己得到的事物没有一颗感恩之心，作者对于这个现象给出了我们一些建议，同时告诉我们教给孩子关注生活中积极的事情并感激生活中那些美好的事物是父母亲给孩子的最好礼物．
解答 8．D 推理判断题．根据第二段第五句From a teenager's angle，it's a parent's responsibility to takecare of the family．可知从年轻人的角度出发，照顾家人是父母亲的责任．也就是说他们把父母亲给他们礼物当成是理所当然的事情．故D正确．
9．C 细节理解题．根据第三段第五句Show by example that gratitude isn't about stuff-which ultimatelycan't make any of us happy anyway．作者建议父母亲通过给出例子想孩子证明感激不是金钱可以换来的，因为金钱是不能让我们开心的．也就是说建议我们通过举例的方式．故C正确．
10．A 推理判断题．感觉最后一段第一句Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the good in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give them．可知教给孩子关注生活中积极的事情并感激生活中那些美好的事物是父母亲给孩子的最好礼物．也就是A项"没有什么比教会孩子积极乐观有感恩心更重要的礼物了．"故A正确．
11．B．主旨大意题．本文属于议论文阅读，告诉我们现代社会中很多孩子对于自己得到的事物没有一颗感恩之心，作者对于这个现象给出了我们一些建议，目的是给家长建议如何帮助孩子发展感恩；故选B．
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
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11．In American history，today's grandparents used to grow up in a period of angry rebelling against their parents'authority．As time goes by and they ease into the role of （51）B family members，they may wonder：What happened to the generation gap？Is it gone or just in the （52）A？Or is it still present but mostly underground？
A generation gap is commonly recognized to refer to differences between generations that cause conflict and （53）Acommunication，creating a‘gap．'Sociologist William Safire provides a more positive definition．Generation gap，according to him，can be a（n） （54）C lack of communication between young and old，which results in misunderstanding，or，on the good side，it can be regarded as a useful stretch of time that separates cultures within a society，allowing them to develop their own （55）A．From their position in the family，and with more （56）B than younger family members，grandparents are more likely to look at the generation gap （57）C，expecting that differences between generations can sometimes do some good to all those concerned．
Although there have always been differences between the generations，the drastic differences that the term implies were not much （58）D until the twentieth century．Before that time，society was not very （59）A．Young people typically lived near their extended families，prayed in their childhood churches and often worked on the family farm or in a family business．With the appearance of television and movies，young people were exposed to cultural influences （60）A to their own families and cultures．Performers like Frank Sinatra，Elvis Presley and James Dean won admiration from the younger generation but were often （61）D by the older generation．Then，to make the matter worse，came the 1960s，and the Vietnam（越南）War caused a more serious （62）B between young and old．
Today，although more Americans have admitted the existence of generational differences，most do not see them as too （63）C．That is partly because of the areas of difference．The top areas of disagreement between young and old，according to a research，are use of technology and taste in music rather than （64）A issues like religious beliefs or political viewpoints．In fact，most American people today have found ways to，on the one hand，live in harmony with family members and，on the other hand，（65）B their own tastes and preferences．
A generation gap is commonly recognized to refer to differences between generations that cause conflict and （53）Acommunication，creating a‘gap．'Sociologist William Safire provides a more positive definition．Generation gap，according to him，can be a（n） （54）C lack of communication between young and old，which results in misunderstanding，or，on the good side，it can be regarded as a useful stretch of time that separates cultures within a society，allowing them to develop their own （55）A．From their position in the family，and with more （56）B than younger family members，grandparents are more likely to look at the generation gap （57）C，expecting that differences between generations can sometimes do some good to all those concerned．
Although there have always been differences between the generations，the drastic differences that the term implies were not much （58）D until the twentieth century．Before that time，society was not very （59）A．Young people typically lived near their extended families，prayed in their childhood churches and often worked on the family farm or in a family business．With the appearance of television and movies，young people were exposed to cultural influences （60）A to their own families and cultures．Performers like Frank Sinatra，Elvis Presley and James Dean won admiration from the younger generation but were often （61）D by the older generation．Then，to make the matter worse，came the 1960s，and the Vietnam（越南）War caused a more serious （62）B between young and old．
Today，although more Americans have admitted the existence of generational differences，most do not see them as too （63）C．That is partly because of the areas of difference．The top areas of disagreement between young and old，according to a research，are use of technology and taste in music rather than （64）A issues like religious beliefs or political viewpoints．In fact，most American people today have found ways to，on the one hand，live in harmony with family members and，on the other hand，（65）B their own tastes and preferences．
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| 52．A．shadow | B．system | C．air | D．communication |
| 53．A．complicated | B．accessible | C．significant | D．social |
| 54．A．realistic | B．stimulating | C．upsetting | D．restless |
| 55．A．character | B．relationship | C．resource | D．hobby |
| 56．A．preparation | B．experience | C．privacy | D．support |
| 57．A．individually | B．necessarily | C．positively | D．simply |
| 58．A．standard | B．practical | C．public | D．evident |
| 59．A．mobile | B．quiet | C．strange | D．advanced |
| 60．A．foreign | B．mild | C．strict | D．familiar |
| 61．A．introduced | B．financed | C．destroyed | D．disliked |
| 62．A．hatred | B．conflict | C．negotiation | D．review |
| 63．A．delightful | B．sincere | C．harmful | D．passive |
| 64．A．serious | B．secret | C．general | D．academic |
| 65．A．make up | B．stick to | C．refer to | D．bring up |
1．Have you ever intended to be fully absorbed in your work but found yourself distracted （走神） by e-mail，the Internet and other things throughout the day？
"People often lose their concentration when they are bored，of course，but also when they are engaged in challenging tasks，"says Peter Bregman．"They sometimes have a feeling to escape from what's difficult or boring，so they jump out，"he says．The part of the brain devoted to attention is connected to the brain's emotional center．Any strong emotion-quarrels with colleagues，problems at home-can interrupt our attention．Studies over the last decade have shown that too much work to do at a time can easily lead to distraction．
Refocusing is hard for many people．Robert Epstein suggests the following，"Stop and listen to music for a few minutes．Go for a short walk or take a deep breath，where you breathe in deeply，count to five slowly，hold it and breathe out very slowly．"This can"blow out all the tension and the unwanted in your mind to restore your focus．"
Take more control by structuring your time and becoming more aware of your behaviors．"Setting the phone alarm to go off every hour is my way of creating awareness，"Mr．Bregman says，"You have to inform yourself that you've lost focus in order to do something about it．"Starting the day with a to-do list is important，such as when to eat，when to go to the gym or take a walk．But if it's overly ambitious，you will put yourself in a state of anxiety，which makes it hard for the brain to concentrate．"Choosing three or four things as your priority （优先） for the day allows your brain to settle down and focus，"he says．
"People often lose their concentration when they are bored，of course，but also when they are engaged in challenging tasks，"says Peter Bregman．"They sometimes have a feeling to escape from what's difficult or boring，so they jump out，"he says．The part of the brain devoted to attention is connected to the brain's emotional center．Any strong emotion-quarrels with colleagues，problems at home-can interrupt our attention．Studies over the last decade have shown that too much work to do at a time can easily lead to distraction．
Refocusing is hard for many people．Robert Epstein suggests the following，"Stop and listen to music for a few minutes．Go for a short walk or take a deep breath，where you breathe in deeply，count to five slowly，hold it and breathe out very slowly．"This can"blow out all the tension and the unwanted in your mind to restore your focus．"
Take more control by structuring your time and becoming more aware of your behaviors．"Setting the phone alarm to go off every hour is my way of creating awareness，"Mr．Bregman says，"You have to inform yourself that you've lost focus in order to do something about it．"Starting the day with a to-do list is important，such as when to eat，when to go to the gym or take a walk．But if it's overly ambitious，you will put yourself in a state of anxiety，which makes it hard for the brain to concentrate．"Choosing three or four things as your priority （优先） for the day allows your brain to settle down and focus，"he says．
| Topic | How to become more （76）focused/concentratedon the work？ |
| （77）Causesof getting distracted | ▲People tend to get away from things that they're （78）fedup with． ▲Strong （79）emotions/feelingsaffect the brain's part for attention． ▲People get distracted easily if （80）given/offered/assignedmultitasks at a time． |
| （81）Examples/Casesof strong emotions | ▲having a （82）quarrelwith a colleague． ▲meeting with problems at home |
| Tips on holding attention | ▲Stop working to restore your focus by （83）regulating/adjustingyour breath and try different relaxing things． ▲（84）Plan/Schedule/Arrange/Structureyour time effectively and create awareness of your be-haviors． ▲Make a to-do list at the beginning of a working day． ▲Focus on 3 or 4 things and get them done （85）firstfor the day． |
5．After _____ seemed like an hour，he started off on his bike for _____ his dream leads him．（ ）
| A． | what，what | B． | what，where | C． | which，what | D． | that，where |