题目内容
Stress for a teenager is as real a problem as stress for an adult. To deal with it, it’s important to understand the causes of stress in teenagers.
When parents change their jobs or if the family decides to move to a different place, the child has to change schools, find new friends, adapt to the new social circle and fit into new groups. It is always difficult for children to adapt to such changes, which can be a serious cause of stress in their life.
Academic difficulties, such as inability to understand a certain subject can cause stress. Not every child has the ability to understand every subject. Some kids need extra help besides school work to grasp a few concepts. Poor academic performance is often laughed at and is looked down upon by both teachers and peers. In such cases, it can make the child feel isolated, neglected and hurt. All of this, put together, can add to stress, which many times worsens grades.
Extra curricular activities (课外活动) such as playing a sport, or attending art classes can weigh heavily on your child’s mind. Juggling between school and extra curricular activities does seem like a burden when you have to excel at both. When the pressures from both the ends get unmanageable, teenagers tend to get tired and annoyed. Fatigue sets in, leading to stress related issues such as lack of concentration in school.
These are the common causes of stress in teenagers, which can be noticed through signs such as poor memory, anxiety, negative and pessimistic attitude. If the signs of teenage stress go unrecognized for a long time, it can make the child emotinally imbalanced.
1.Extra curricular activities may lead to additional pressure for teenagers when they have difficulty _________________________________________________________.
2.How can parents notice that their teenagers are under stress?
_________________________________________________________________.
3.____________________, ___________________, extra-curricular activities are the common causes of stress in teenagers.
4.According to your experience, what other causes of teenage stress do you know? (List two causes).
_________________________________________________________________.
1.juggling (balancing) their time between school and extra curricular activities.
2.Through signs such as poor memory and anxiety.
3.Changing schools, academic difficulties
4.bullying at school, relationship issues, great expectations, peer pressure
【解析】
试题分析:本文叙述了如何减轻青少年的压力问题。由于父母希望过大、与同学朋友相处的关系等等增加了他们的压力,这样青少年就会感到疲劳和烦恼。课外活动如运动或者参加艺术班可能会给孩子的思想增加负担。这些是在青少年中造成压力的普遍原因。
1.细节理解题。结合第四段判断:课外活动如运动或者参加艺术班可能会给孩子的思想增加负担。平衡学校和课外活动的时间的确似乎是一个负担。当双方的压力不能处理好使,青少年就会感到疲劳和烦恼。所以回答:juggling (balancing) their time between school and extra curricular activities.
2.细节理解题。结合第五段判断:这些是在青少年中造成压力的普遍原因。通过记忆力差、焦虑、消极和悲观的态度。所以回答:Through signs such as poor memory and anxiety.
3.归纳总结题。第二段讲改变学校,适应新环境;第三段讲学业上的困难;第四段讲课外活动不能与课堂学习协调。所以回答:Changing schools, academic difficulties 和后面的第四条结合起来是青少年压力形成的常见原因。
4.归纳总结题。父母希望过大、与同学朋友相处的关系等等。所以回答:bullying at school, relationship issues, great expectations, peer pressure,etc.
考点:考查任务型阅读。
Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
【小题1】We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
A.keep rewards better in their memory |
B.recall consequences more effortlessly |
C.make risky decisions more frequently |
D.learn a subject more effectively |
A.ways of making choices | B.preference for pleasure |
C.tolerance of punishments | D.responses to suggestions |
A.women find it easier to fall into certain habits |
B.men have a greater tendency to slow down |
C.women focus more on outcomes |
D.men are more likely to take risks |
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1________
Examinations are almost always stressful Students rarely know exactly what to expect on the test, and those who suffer from exam fear or exam anxiety can see their grades suffer as a result of this stress. For some students,exam fear causes them to “ seize up ’’ and forget what they have studied.
2______Good study habits and learning how to relax can help students overcome exam fear.
3 ______According to Penn State University and Kids Health,proper study habits and preparation are the keys to cutting out exam fear. Avoid last-minute “cramming” for exams and actively listen while in class.
Focus on positive thoughts, relax the night before your test and reward yourself after the test is over. Often, people who suffer from exam anxiety cannot shut out negative thoughts or emotions about the test, and this can contribute to feeling more anxiety than normal 4______
Keep your mind and body healthy by getting enough sleep, eating well and exercising. Healthier people who are well-rested often do better on exams.
5_____ Exam fear is normal When that anxiety severely interferes (干扰)with your ability to take the test, however, outside help might be needed. Ask your teachers and family for support and help.
A.How To Succeed hi An Exam |
B.How To Overcome Exam Fear |
C.Develop good study habits. |
D.Understand that you are not alone and ask for help if necessary. |
F. Battling this type of performance anxiety can be hard, but it is not impossible.
G. Remind yourself to read the instructions carefully.
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes(运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
【小题1】An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______
A.to reduce their mental stress |
B.to increase their sense of success |
C.to make sports less competitive |
D.to make sports more challenging |
A.it can help them learn more about society |
B.it enables them to find flaws in themselves |
C.it can provide them with valuable experiences |
D.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves |
A.believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development |
B.without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence |
C.in order to make them remember life's lessons |
D.so as to put more pressure on them |
A.pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports |
B.help children to win every game |
C.train children to cope with stress |
D.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports |
A.to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout |
B.to persuade young children not to worry about criticism |
C.to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children |
D.to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement |