Question

【题目】 Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.

The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.

The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.

Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue(税收) overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.

【1】According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. All international managers can learn culture.

B. Business diversity is not necessary.

C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.

D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.

【2】What does the underlined word “myopia” (in para. 3) mean?

A. difference B. similarity

C. foresight D. shortsightedness

【3】 We can infer from the passage that this article is supposed to be most useful for those_______

A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity

B. who have connections to more than one type of culture.

C. who want to travel abroad.

D. who want to run business on International Sale

【4】 According to Fortune, successful international companies___________ .

A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas

B. all have the quality of patience

C. will follow the overseas local cultures

D. adopt the policy of internationalization

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】D

【4】B

【解析】

试题分析：本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响,文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种观点。

【1】C考查判断推理题。A. All international managers can learn culture 所有的国际管理者都可以学习文化；商业多样性是没有必要的；在商业世界如何看待文化的看法不同；大多数人不了解外国的文化。C意为“对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。 文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。故选择C。

【2】D考查词义判断题。A. difference不同，差异；B. similarity类似；C. foresight远见；D. shortsightedness近视。

根据文章该句话The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness对国际管理者的主要挑战是要确保拒绝不是文化近视或失明的结果。故选D。

【3】D考查主旨大意题。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。故选D。

【4】B考查推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience.意为“国际上成功的公司都具有耐心这一素质”。并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化，或是采纳国际化策略。故选B。