题目内容
【题目】Tulips(郁金香) are the national flower of Iran and Turkey. The European name for the flower is a misuse of the Persian word for turban(头巾), a mistake probably arising in the common Turkish custom of wearing flowers in the folds of the turban. Alternatively, the misuse may have arisen because this eastern flower, when not yet in full bloom, looks like a turban. In Persia, to give a red tulip was to declare your love for someone. The black center of the red tulip was said to represent the lover’s heart, burned to a coal by love’s passion.
Originally growing in the Ottoman Empire (present-day Turkey), tulips were imported into Holland in the sixteenth century. When Carolus Clusius wrote the first major book on tulips in 1592, they became so popular that the tulips in his garden were stolen from time to time. As the Dutch Golden Age grew, so did this colorful flower. They were commonly seen in paintings and at festivals. In the mid-seventeenth century, tulips even created the first economics bubble（泡沫经济）, known as “Tulip Mania”. At that time, tulips were so expensive that they were used as money until the market for them crashed.
Today, Holland is still known for its tulips and other flowers, often sincerely called “the flower shop of the world.” Tulips are planted in great fields of beautiful color, and transform the landscape into a sea of different colors. Tulip festivals are held throughout the country in spring. However, the most well-known tulip festival is organized in the Noordoostpolde, a province in the central Netherlands, each year. Held in the middle of the tulip fields, this flower festival runs from late April to early May. The Dutch people took their love of tulips abroad when they settled, and tulips and tulip festivals are now found in New York and Michigan, where the connection to their Dutch roots is still very strong.
【1】 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. The origin of tulips. B. The meaning of tulips.
C. What tulips look like. D. How tulips were named.
【2】What can we learn from the text?
A. Carolus Clusius’ book made people import tulips into Holland.
B. Holland is called “the flower shop of the world” because of the tulip.
C. The tulip festival in the Noordoostpolder is sometimes held indoors.
D. Holland is not the birthplace of tulips.
【3】What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. The Dutch people’s love of tulips.
B. Tulip festivals in Holland and abroad.
C. Noordoostpolder, the tulip shop of the world.
D. Tulips and the landscape of Holland.
【答案】
【1】A
【2】D
【3】B
【解析】
试题分析：文章主要是介绍郁金香在欧洲一些国家的重要地位，以及它的历史渊源。
【1】A细节理解题。第一段唯一没提到的就是郁金香的起源，起源是第二段开始讲的，故选A。
【2】D推理判断题。根据第二段Originally growing in the Ottoman Empire (present-day Turkey), tulips were imported into Holland in the sixteenth century.可知郁金香是来源于今天的土耳其，然后引入荷兰，故选D。
【3】B主旨大意题。最后一段主要是介绍郁金香节，不仅仅是在荷兰，还提到了美国。故答案为B。
【题目】任务型阅读,请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。
In China, as in many countries, the north-south divide runs deep. People from the north are seen as hale and hearty, while southerners are often portrayed as cunning, cultured traders. Northerners are taller than southerners. The north eats noodles, while the south eats, rice—and according to new research, when it comes to personality, that difference has meant everything.
A study published Friday by a group of psychologists in the journal Science finds that China’s noodle-slurping northerners are more independent, show more “analytic thought” and divorce more frequently. By contrast, the authors write, rice-eating southerners show more qualities traditionally associated with East Asian culture, including more “holistic thought” and lower divorce rates.
The reason? Cultivating rice, the authors say, is a lot harder. Picture a rice paddy, its delicate seedlings tucked in a bed of water. They require careful tending and many hours of labor—by some estimates, twice as much as wheat—as well as reliance on irrigation systems that require neighborly cooperation. As the authors write, for southerners growing rice, “strict self-reliance might have meant starvation.”
Growing wheat, by contrast, the north’s staple grain, is much simpler. One Chinese fanning guide from the 1600s quoted in the study advised aspiring farmers that “if one is short of labor power, it is best to grow wheat.”
To produce their findings, the authors evaluated the attitudes of 1,162 Han Chinese students in Beijing and Liaoning in the north and in Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan and Sichuan in the south. To control for other factors that distinguish the north and south—such as climate, dialect and contact with herding cultures—the authors also analyzed differences between various neighboring counties in five central provinces along China’s rice-wheat border.
According to the authors, the influence of rice cultivation can help explain East Asia’s “strangely persistent interdependence.” For example, they say South Korea and Japan have remained less individualistic than Western countries, even as they’ve grown wealthier.
The authors aren’t alone in observing the influence various crops have on shaping culture. Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 book “Outliers” also drew connections between a hard-working ethic (measured by a willingness to fill out long, boring questionnaires) and a historical tradition of rice cultivation in places such as South Korea and Japan, given that the farming of such crops is arguably an equally boring chore.
How China’s North-south Divide Has Influece on 【1】 Personality | |
【2】 in personality | China’s northerners 【3】 on noodles, and they are thought of as hale, hearty and taller with more 【4】 and “analytic thought” as well as higher divorce rates. On the contrary, the southerners prefer eating rice and have more “holistic thought” and lower divorce rates. |
Reasons | Planting rice needs twice more 【5】 than planting wheat. Cultivating rice relies on irrigation system that requires neighbors to 【6】 well. If you are over independent, you might【7】 in the south. If you are 【8】 in labor power, it is best to grow wheat in the north. |
The Research | The attitudes of 1162 Han Chinese students were evaluated. Other unrelated factors like climate, dialect and herding cultures were carefully 【9】 . The result shows the influence of rice cultivation can result in more cooperation and explain East Asia’s “strangely persistent interdependence”. |
Another【10】 observation | Malcolm Gladwell also found the influence crops have on culture in his 2008 book “Outliers”. |