Question

【题目】任务型阅读,请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。

In China, as in many countries, the north-south divide runs deep. People from the north are seen as hale and hearty, while southerners are often portrayed as cunning, cultured traders. Northerners are taller than southerners. The north eats noodles, while the south eats, rice—and according to new research, when it comes to personality, that difference has meant everything.

A study published Friday by a group of psychologists in the journal Science finds that China’s noodle-slurping northerners are more independent, show more “analytic thought” and divorce more frequently. By contrast, the authors write, rice-eating southerners show more qualities traditionally associated with East Asian culture, including more “holistic thought” and lower divorce rates.

The reason? Cultivating rice, the authors say, is a lot harder. Picture a rice paddy, its delicate seedlings tucked in a bed of water. They require careful tending and many hours of labor—by some estimates, twice as much as wheat—as well as reliance on irrigation systems that require neighborly cooperation. As the authors write, for southerners growing rice, “strict self-reliance might have meant starvation.”

Growing wheat, by contrast, the north’s staple grain, is much simpler. One Chinese fanning guide from the 1600s quoted in the study advised aspiring farmers that “if one is short of labor power, it is best to grow wheat.”

To produce their findings, the authors evaluated the attitudes of 1,162 Han Chinese students in Beijing and Liaoning in the north and in Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan and Sichuan in the south. To control for other factors that distinguish the north and south—such as climate, dialect and contact with herding cultures—the authors also analyzed differences between various neighboring counties in five central provinces along China’s rice-wheat border.

According to the authors, the influence of rice cultivation can help explain East Asia’s “strangely persistent interdependence.” For example, they say South Korea and Japan have remained less individualistic than Western countries, even as they’ve grown wealthier.

The authors aren’t alone in observing the influence various crops have on shaping culture. Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 book “Outliers” also drew connections between a hard-working ethic (measured by a willingness to fill out long, boring questionnaires) and a historical tradition of rice cultivation in places such as South Korea and Japan, given that the farming of such crops is arguably an equally boring chore.

How China’s North-south Divide Has Influece on 【1】 Personality
【2】 in personality	China’s northerners 【3】 on noodles, and they are thought of as hale, hearty and taller with more 【4】 and “analytic thought” as well as higher divorce rates. On the contrary, the southerners prefer eating rice and have more “holistic thought” and lower divorce rates.
Reasons	Planting rice needs twice more 【5】 than planting wheat. Cultivating rice relies on irrigation system that requires neighbors to 【6】 well. If you are over independent, you might【7】 in the south. If you are 【8】 in labor power, it is best to grow wheat in the north.
The Research	The attitudes of 1162 Han Chinese students were evaluated. Other unrelated factors like climate, dialect and herding cultures were carefully 【9】 . The result shows the influence of rice cultivation can result in more cooperation and explain East Asia’s “strangely persistent interdependence”.
Another【10】 observation	Malcolm Gladwell also found the influence crops have on culture in his 2008 book “Outliers”.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】Shaping/Forming/Developing

【2】Difference(s)/Distinction(s)

【3】feed (live)

【4】independence

【5】1abor

【6】cooperate

【7】starve

【8】lacking (weak)

【9】controlled

【10】similar(related, relevant)

【解析】

试题分析：本文是科普说明文。文章介绍了中国南北差异对南方人和北方人性格形成的影响。

【1】Shaping/Forming/Developing考查语篇概括。从最后一段第一行 “on shaping culture”可见，填词Shaping/Forming/Developing。

【2】Difference(s)/Distinction(s)考查原词重现。从第一段最后一行“that difference has meant everything”由原文的定语从句表达得知。填词Difference(s)/Distinction(s)。

【3】feed (live) 考查语篇概括。从第一段第三行“The north eats noodles”。填feed (live) 。

【4】independence考查同义表述和转换词性。根据第二段第二行 “northerners are more independent,” 可知. 填词independence。

【5】1abor考查原词重现。从第三段第二行“many hours of labor”中的“labor”可知，空格处填入1abor。

【6】cooperate考查同义表述和转换词性。从第三段第三行“require neighborly cooperation”中的“cooperation”可知，空格处填入cooperate。

【7】starve考查同义表述。从第三段最后一行“strict self-reliance might have meant starvation.”可知，空格处填入starve。

【8】lacking (weak)考查同义表述。从第四段最后两行“if one is short of labor power, it is best to grow wheat.”。可知，空格处填入lacking (weak)。

【9】controlled 考查同义表述。从第五段第二、三行“To control for other factors that distinguish the north and south—such as climate, dialect and contact with herding cultures”可知，空格处填入controlled 。

【10】similar(related, relevant)考查同义表述。从第最后一段第一行“The authors aren’t alone in observing the influence”中的“aren’t alone”可知，空格处填入similar(related, relevant)。