Question

【题目】Zhang Heshan, 62 , from Chcngziyu Village in Qinhuangdao, has been protecting a 10 - kilometer part of the Great Wall 【1】 (build) during the Ming Dynasty for 40 years.

He started to patrol (巡查) the wall in 1978 when he found considerable damage done by local villagers, 【2】 had stolen the bricks for their own use. He spends about four hours daily 【3】 (walk) along the wall to see if there is any fresh damage.

In the past decades, Zhang 【4】 (wear) out more than 200 pairs of shoes, and the 【5】 (distant) he has covered during the patrols could have taken him around the globe twice.

His perseverance（毅力）has 【6】 （gradual）paid off. In 2002 he became the first farmer number of the China Great Wall Society. In 2007. he 【7】（award）with a national honor—Outstanding Cultural Heritage（遗产）Protector for his enthusiasm and contribution to preserving the Great Wall.

Thanks 【8】 Zhang’s efforts, more and more travelers from home and abroad have visited Chengziyu in recent years. “Travelers like the original state of the wall rather than some newly constructed parts in modem limes. This is 【9】 historic treasure that all generations should protect. I’ve committed myself to protecting it so that 【10】（it）greatness can be seen and appreciated by future generations. Let’s all work together to preserve the original Great Wall.” Zhang said.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】built

【2】who

【3】walking

【4】has worn

【5】distance

【6】gradually

【7】was awarded

【8】to

【9】a

【10】its

【解析】本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。本文主要介绍了河北秦皇岛的长城守望者——张鹤珊。

【1】考查非谓语动词。build与其逻辑主语the Great Wall之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语，填built。

【2】考查非限制性定语从句。___2___ had stolen the bricks for their own use.作定语，修饰local villagers，且有逗号隔开，所以___2___ had stolen the bricks for their own use.是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who。

【3】考查固定句型。spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事，是固定句型，所以填walking。

【4】考查时态。过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且可能继续下去，用现在完成时，所以填has worn。

【5】考查定语从句。he has covered during the patrols是一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词，所以填distance。

【6】考查副词。修饰动词短语paid off，用副词，所以填gradually。

【7】考查时态和语态。“他”和“授予”之间是被动关系，用被动语态；且表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，综上所述，用一般过去时的被动语态，所以填was awarded。

【8】考查固定短语。这里表示“多亏了张的努力”，thanks to多亏，是固定短语，所以填to。

【9】考查冠词。泛指“一个历史珍品”，且historic的首字母发音是辅音，所以填不定冠词a。

【10】考查代词。我使自己致力于保护长城，那样它的伟大就可以被后代观看和欣赏。表示“它的”，所以填its。

（一）现在完成时的用法一——结束性用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already ，yet ，just ，ever ，never ，before等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：1．already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例：1）I've already read this book我已经读过这本书了。（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。）2）I've washed my clothes already．我已经洗了衣服。（洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。）注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于疑问句中。实例：3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？ 2．yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例：1）—Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？—No，not yet．不，还没有。2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet ． 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响）3．just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：He has just come back from school ．他刚从学校回来。 4．ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？2）I haven't ever spoken to her．我未曾和她说过话。5．never意为“从来没有”常与before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：I have never travelled by plane before．我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。6．before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例：1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？ 2）I haven't eaten Guangdong food before．我以前没吃过广东菜。

（二）现在完成时用法二——持续性用法：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for ＋一段时间或“since＋过去时间点或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。实例：1）I've lived here since 1990．自从1990年以来我就住在这里。2）I haven't seen him for three years ．我三年没有看见他了。3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city ．自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。4）She's been at this school since five years ago．自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。注意：在这类句子的肯定句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。1）他入团两年了。 误：He has joined the League for two years．正：He has been a League member for two years．2）我买这辆自行车三年了。误：I have bought this bike for three years．正：I have had this bike for three years．