Ever wonder why sometimes a hug is all you need ? You can’t explain it , but there’s just something comforting about being in your wife’s arms after a rough day or giving mom a hug after a long time apart .

A new study says the warm feeling in a hug is more than just skin deep . Researchers from the University of California , Berkeley believe that this loving feeling could have anti-aging benefits .

Oxytocin , sometimes referred to as the “ love hormone(荷尔蒙)” or the “ trust hormone , ” is responsible for those indescribable feelings we get when we’re bonding with a lover or a loved one .

Levels of the hormone drop as we age , and evidence suggests that could be a contributing factor to the deterioration of our bodies as we age . Muscle loss in particular is one of the major side effects of aging , with our bodies losing up to 5 percent of our muscle mass each decade past our 30s .

In the study , published in the journal Nature Communications , researchers injected oxytocin into older mice with muscle damage . The older mice had lower levels of the homeone than younger mice initially . But after nine days , the older mice who were given the hormone healed better than those who did not . In fact , their ability to repair muscle damage was up to 80 percent that of the younger mice .

The results were not only fast-acting , but provide hope for future uses of the hormone in a variety of anti-aging capacities . “ This is good because it demonstrates that extra oxytocin improves aged tissue stem cells(组织干细胞)without making muscle stem cells divide uncontrollably , ” study co-author Wendy Cousins said in a statement .

Previous uses of anti-aging molecules have also been associated with higher cancer risk , but researchers are hopeful that oxytocin can be useful in humans without this risk . In the future , researchers of Berkeley say oxytocin could be used to fight other age-related health issues by improving bone health and even being used as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy .

Now go out and give someone a hug .

1.According to the passage , oxytocin __________ .

A. decreases when people get older

B. creates loving feeling on the skin

C. leads to the great loss of muscles

D. can be used in humans without any risk

2.The underlined word “ deterioration ” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to the state of __________ .

A. getting fatter B. becoming worse or less

C. growing stronger D. dividing uncontrollably

3.What can be learned from the research ?

A. All the older mice healed faster in the research .

B. Older mice healed better than younger ones after 9 days .

C. Extra oxytocin in older mice controlled muscle cell division .

D. Mice with oxytocin injection improved the ability to repair muscle damage .

4. What can be a suitable title for the passage ?

A. When Do We Need A Hug ?

B. A New Anti-aging Product

C. Hugs Having Healing Power

D. How Can We Grow Muscles ?

根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项. 选项中有两项是多余选项.

In high school, it’s important to stay healthy. 1. How can you study well if you’re sick? So you should pay attention to your health in order to study well in high school. In order to enjoy good health, you should have some good habits. Here are some tips for you.

Drink water regularly every day. Some students don’t like drinking water. They only drink water when they’re extremely thirsty. 2. You should drink water regularly so that your body and brain can function well. Avoid sports drinks and soda when you’re thirsty. They are not good for your health.

3. Some students don’t eat three meals a day. No matter what happens, you shouldn’t skip(跳跃) any meal of the day. Eating regularly helps keep your metabolism(新陈代谢) high and keeps your energy up. It’s especially important to eat a good breakfast every day with protein, carbohydrates(碳水消化合物), and fiber to set up your body for the day of activity. If you don’t eat, how can you stay focused in class?

Eat the right foods. Some students eat whatever they can get. This is wrong. 4. Choose whole grains like rice and whole wheat flours. Skip muffins, donuts, and other processed foods. Instead, choose whole grains, protein, fruits and vegetables.

5. If you do that, you can get distracted(分散). Therefore, you may not pay attention to how much you are eating. You may eat too much. Eating too much harms your health. And you may gain too much weight because of it. Try to eat slowly so your brain sends the right signals to tell your stomach that it’s full.

A. Don’t skip meals.

B. This is bad for your health.

C. Eat a good breakfast every day.

D. Avoid eating too much at one time.

E. Don’t watch TV or movies when you eat.

F. If you are unhealthy, you may fall ill easily.

G. You should eat the foods that are good for your body.

Guide to Stockholm University Library Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.

Zones

The library is divided into different zones.The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.The ground floor is the zone where you can talk.Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.

Computers

You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers, you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office.They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.

Group-study places

If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people.All rooms are marked on the library maps.

There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website.To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card.You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.

Storage of Study Material

The library has lockers for students to store course literature.When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.

Rules to be Followed

Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.

Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.

1.The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to________.

A.read in a quiet place

B.have group discussions

C.take comfortable seats

D.get their computers fixed

2.Library computers on the ground floor________.

A.help students with their field experiments

B.are for those who want to access the wi-fi

C.contain software necessary for schoolwork

D.are mostly used for filling out application forms

3.What condition should be met to book a group-study room?

A.Group must consist of 8 people.

B.One should have an active University account.

C.Three-hour use per day is the minimum.

D.Applicants must mark the room on the map.

4.A student can rent a locker in the library if he________.

A.has earned the required credits

B.attends certain course

C.has nowhere to put his books

D.can afford the rental fee

5.What should NOT be brought into the library?

A.Mobile phones

B.Orange juice

C.Candy

D.Sandwiches

A castle is a type of fortified(加固的)structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages. This is different from a palace, which is no fortified-though there are many similarities among these types of construction. Usage of the term has varied over time and has been applied to diverse structures.

The European castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries, resulting in its land divided among nobles. These nobles built castles to control the area surrounding them, and they were both offensive and defensive structures. Although army uses are often emphasized in castle studies, the structures also served as centres of administration and symbols of power. Urban castles were used to control the local people and important travel routes, and rural castles were often built near farmland.

Many castles were originally built from earth and wood, but had their defences supplanted later by stone. In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, scientific approaches to castle defence appeared, and could function to maximize the castle’s firepower. These changes in defence came from a mixture of castle technology. Although gunpowder was introduced to be built well into the 16th century, improved cannon(大炮)fire made them uncomfortable places to live in. As a result, true castles went into decline.

From the 18th century onwards, there was a renewed interest in castles with the construction of mock(仿造的)castles, part of a romantic revival(复活)of Gothic architecture, but they had no defensive purpose.

1.According to the first paragraph, we can know .

A. the palace is a fortified structure

B. the castle is different from the palace

C. the palace changed over time

D. the structures of the castle in different ages look the same.

2.what does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A. Symbols of the European castles.

B. Functions of the European castles.

C. Influences of the European castles.

D. Characteristics of the European castles.

3.The underlined word “ supplanted ” in the third paragraph is closet in meaning to “ “.

A. produced B. saved C. protected D. replaced

4. What can be inferred from the river?

A. Castles have nothing in common with palaces.

B. Castles have a history of more than 1,000 years in Europe.

C. Castles were mainly used for defensive purposes after the 18th century.

D. The introduction of gunpowder instantly influenced castle building in Europe.

On the night of November 14, 1978, a six-year-old Korean boy was flying to the United States. All he knew was that he was on a plane heading for somewhere. The plane landed at Kennedy International Airport, where he was greeted by a family. This young boy was me.

I have grown up in a town where there were few Asians, so I stuck out in the crowd. I made friends quickly and they treated me just like anyone else. You may ask if anyone made fun of my appearance. Well, of course, I met that kind of person. I just shrugged it off.

As an adopted child, I have something that others don't have. I have had the benefit of two families. I'm lucky to have got a chance to start a new life. But we must try never to forget our past. Someday I will go back to Korea to find out what kind of culture I left behind.

There is only one thing that I regret about being adopted. When I argue with my parents and they realize they are losing the argument, they sometimes wonder what I would be doing if I were back in Korea. I don't understand this because I thought the purpose of adopting someone was to give them a better chance of growing up in a family. Some day when I am older, I want to adopt a girl and raise her the way my parents have raised me, but I would do it better, for I know what went well and what did not.

1.We learn that when the writer was on the way to his new family, ______.

A. he was with his own parents

B. he was very happy and excited

C. he was about ten years old then

D. he didn't know he was going to be adopted

2.If someone sticks out in the crowd, it means that he/she_______.

A. is very good-looking

B. is very kind-hearted

C. is easily noticed by others

D. is disliked by others

3.When the writer was made fun of by others, he _______.

A. was deeply hurt

B. wanted to go back to Korea

C. didn’t care about it that much

D. tried to make friends with them

4.What does the writer want to do when he is older?

A Go back to live with his parents in Korea.

B. Tell his parents what they have done wrong.

C. Find out how to raise children in a better way.

D. Adopt a girl and raise her in a good way.

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