题目内容

Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.

The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.

Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.

But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.

There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realise just how much unnecessary material is collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.

1.What does the underlined phrase “over-consumption” refer to?

A. Using too much packaging.

B. Recycling too many wastes.

C. Making more products than necessary.

D. Having more material than is needed.

2. The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show _______.

A. the tendency of cutting household waste

B. the increase of packaging recycling

C. the rapid growth of super markets

D. the fact of packaging overuse

3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

A. Unpackaged products are of bad quality.

B. Supermarkets care more about packaging.

C. It is improper to judge quality by packaging.

D. Other products are better packaged than food.

4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. Fighting wastefulness is difficult.

B. Needless material is mostly recycled.

C. People like collecting recyclable waste.

D. The author is proud of their consumer culture.

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_______the virtual world of Real Cine， the headsets even have small openings _______ smells to match the environment.

A． Adding to； give out B． Added to； give off

C． To be added to； giving off D． To add to； giving out

_____ with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time．

A． Faced B． Face C． Facing D． To face

Who needs guard dogs when you have wolves , right? That’s probably what Kazakh villagers in the Almaty region though when they decided to replace their dogs with the fierce forest dwelling beasts. According to local news reports, taming(驯化的) wolves is now the latest trend and a sort of hobby among rural Kazakhs.

Nurseit Zhylkyshybay, a farmer from the south-eastern Almaty region, told reporters that he purchased a wolf cub from hunters three years ago, and the animal is now perfectly tamed.

Kurtka, Nurseit’s pet wolf, lives in the family’s yard and takes long walks through the village with his master. “He’s never muzzled,” Nurseit insisted. “I rarely put him on a chain and do take him for regular walks around the village. Our family and neighbors aren’t scared of him at all.”

But wolf expert Almas Zhaparov said that the animals are ‘far too dangerous’ to keep at home. “A wolf is like a ticking bomb, it can go off at any moment,” he warned. “If nothing is done, the fashion could spread to the wealthy Kazakhs, who might try to keep wolves in the grounds of their houses, with possibly deadly consequences.” Social media users also expressed worry about the trend, accusing the government for failing to limit the practice.

Nevertheless, the wolves don’t seem to be posing an immediate threat. If visuals from news reports are anything to go by, the beasts look pretty happy with their new lifestyle, and appear quite fond of their new masters, not unlike dogs.

1.The writer uses the example of Kurtka to show that____________.

A. wolves can be tamed.

B. wolves are like ticking bombs

C. wolves like living with humans

D. keeping wolves at home is easy

2.The underlined word “muzzled” in Para 3 means___________.

A. puzzled B. beaten

C. got his mouth covered D. got changed

3.According to Almas Zhaparov, keeping wolves at home is___________.

A. a fashion B. a disaster

C. a necessity D. a hone

4.What can we learn from the text?

A. Wolves are easy to get tamed.

B. A pet wolf can become aggressive at any moment.

C. The government will prevent people taming wolves as pets.

D. Wolves are as loyal to their masters as dogs are.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Millions of people all over the world use the word OK．In fact, some people say the word is used more often than any other word in the world．OK means all right or acceptable．It expresses agreement or approval．

1. Some people say it came from the Native American Indian tribe known as the Choctaw（乔克托语）．The Choctaw word “okeh” means the same as the American word okay．Experts say early explorers in the American West spoke the Choctaw language in the nineteenth century．

But many people doubt this．Language expert Allen Walker Read wrote about the word “OK” in reports published in the 1960s．He said the word began being used in the 1830s． 2. Some foreign-born people wrote “ all correct” as “o-l-l-k-o-r-r-e-c-t”, and used the letters OK．Other people say a railroad worker named Obadiah Kelly invented the word long ago．They said he put the first letters of his name---O and K---on each object people gave him to send on the train．

3. The organization supported Martin Van Buren for president in 1840．They called their group the OK club．The letters were taken from the name of the town where Martin was born---Old Kinderhook, New York．

Then there is the expression A-OK．It is a space-age expression．It was used in 1961 during the flight of astronaut Alan Shepard．He was the first American to be launched into space．His flight ended when his spacecraft landed in the ocean, as planned．Shepard reported, “Everything is A-OK.” 4. One story says it was first used during the early days of the telephone to tell an operator that a message had been received．

There are also funny ways to say okay． 5. These expressions were first used in the 1930s．Today, a character on the American television series “The Simpsons” says it another way．He says okely-doke．

A．Some people say okey-dokey or okey-doke．

B．Still others say a political organization invented the word．

C．Therefore, it has become popular in that area from then on．

D．But many experts don’t agree on what the expression means．

E．Still, language experts do not agree about where the word came from.

F．It was a short way of writing a different spelling of the word “all correct”.

G．However, some experts say the expression did not begin with the space age．

－I’ve read another book this week.

－Well, maybe _____ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.

A. this B. that C. there D. it

There is a problem discussed by people about whether parents should hit their children? Or should they ever beat them?

Research suggests many of us are likely to respond “no”, and public support for spanking（打屁股）has been falling over the years. But surveys also show that 75 percent to nearly 90 percent of parents admit to spanking their child at least once.

I was raised in a zero-tolerance home for disrespect, and my parents often turned to physical punishment. And, no, I don’t feel I was damaged by it.

Nothing is more annoying than watching ill-mannered behavior from children.

But there is data to suggest that a return to old-school spanking isn't the answer.

Two years ago, Newsweek reported that it had found data suggesting that teens whose parents used physical punishment were more likely to become aggressive.

Murray Straus, professor at the University of New Hampshire in America, has studied the topic of children and spanking for decades. He said that children who were physically punished have lower IQs than their peers. It may be that children with lower IQs were more likely to get spanked, but the punishment may have been counterproductive（反作用的）to their mental development, as well.

Some researchers make the argument that occasional open-handed smacks（用巴掌打）on the bottom are not only harmless but can have some benefit.

Last year, Marjorie Gunnoe, a psychologist at Calvin College, studied teens who have never been spanked. There are a greater number of children growing up without ever having been physically punished. Gunnoe’s research suggests they don’t turn out any better than those who were sometimes spanked.

There are some parents who simply cannot control their tempers（脾气）. But I still believe that the best parents are the ones who are able to offer fair and firm discipline without ever turning to physical punishment.

1.According to the first three paragraphs, the author was probably hit by her parents when __________.

A. they were dissatisfied with her grade

B. they cannot control their temper

C. she showed no respect for the elder

D. their discipline turns out to be not strict enough

2. According to Murray Straus, children who are physically punished __________.

A. are less aggressive toward others when they get older

B. may develop lower IQs than their peers

C. benefit from occasional spanking

D. have slower physical development

3.The author seems to agree that __________.

A. parents should determine whether a child needs to be smacked or not

B. children who have been spanked tend to behave better than those who haven't

C. physical punishment should be the last resort （手段）of any parent

D. good parents discipline their children in a fair and reasonable way

The most frightening words in the English language are, “Our computer is down.” You hear it more and more when you are on business. The other day I was at the airport waiting for a ticket to Washington and the girl in the ticket office said, “I’m sorry, I can’t sell you a ticket. Our computer is down.”

“If your computer is down, just write me out a ticket.”

“I can’t write you out a ticket. The computer is the only one allowed to do so.”

I looked down on the computer and every passenger was just standing there drinking coffee and staring at the black screen. Then I asked her, “What do all your people do?”

“We give the computer the information about your trip, and then it tells us whether you can fly with us or not.”

“So when it goes down, you go down with it.”

“That’s good, sir.”

“How long will the computer be down?” I wanted to know.

“I have no idea. Sometimes it’s down for 10 minutes, sometimes for two hours. There’s no way we can find out without asking the computer, and since it’s down it won’t answer us.”

After the girl told me they had no backup(备用) computer, I said. “Let’s forget the computer. What about your planes? They’re still flying, aren’t they?”

“I couldn’t tell without asking the computer.”

“Maybe I could just go to the gate and ask the pilot if he’s flying to Washington, ” I suggested.

“I wouldn’t know what gate to send you to. Even if the pilot was going to Washington, he couldn’t’t take you if you didn’t’t have a ticket.”

“Is there any other airline flying to Washington within the next few hours?”

“I wouldn’t know,” she said, pointing at the dark screen. “Only ‘IT’ knows. ‘IT’ can’t tell me.

By this time there were quite a few people standing in lines. The word soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people went white, some people started to cry and still others kicked their luggage.

1.The best title for the article is _______.

A. When the Computer Is Down

B. The Most Frightening Words

C. The Computer of the Airport

D. A different travel

2.What could the girl in the ticket office do for the passengers without asking the computer?

A. She could sell a ticket.

B. She could write out a ticket.

C. She could answer the passengers’ questions.

D. She could do nothing.

3.Why do you think they had not a backup computer?

A. Because it was easy down

B. Because it was not relied on .

C. Because it was not useful.

D. Because it was very expensive.

4.The last paragraph suggests that _______.

A. a modern computer won’t be down.

B. computers can take the place of humans

C. sometimes a computer may bring suffering to people

D. there will be great changes in computers

5.What kind of feeling did passengers have when the computer was down?

A. upset B. determined

C. encouraged D. happy

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments. Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology （心理学）. Before beginning a study, however, any scientist who wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method. 1.

◆ Form a hypothesis （假设）. It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study. 2. Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.

◆ Plan out a study. Planning out the experiment is essential because the psychologist needs to know if they have time, materials, and testing area prepared beforehand. This step also helps the scientist to determine if they will be performing descriptive or experimental research. The ideal situation is to always perform experimental research. 3. Descriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data.

◆ Collect data. 4. If the data collected is not recorded and organized, the entire efforts of the study may be wasted. The best way to do this may be to record the proceedings so that no details are lost.

◆ Analyze the data. Once all the data has been collected and organized, it must be analyzed. Using previous research or scientific information about the problem, the psychologist must apply the new data gathered.

◆ Publish the information learned. The final step of the scientific method in psychology is publishing the results of the study. 5. Most psychological experiments are published in scientific journals.

A. It is based on scientific facts, not just opinions.

B. Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology.

C. Before psychologists start the experiment, they must plan out the steps.

D. This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information.

E. The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research.

F. To fully understand the study, each part of the experiment must be recorded.

G. Sometimes, however, this is impossible and descriptive research will have to be used.

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