题目内容

13．How men first learned to invent words is unknown； in other words，the origin of language is a mystery．All we really know is that men，unlike animals，somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings，actions and things，so that they could communicate with each other； and that later they agreed upon certain signs，they called letters，which could be combined to represent those sounds，and which could be written down．Those sounds，whether spoken，or written in letters，we call words．
The power of words，then，lies in their associations-the things they bring up before our minds．Words become filled with meaning for us by experience； and the longer we live，the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past； and the more we read and learn，the more the number of words that mean something to us increase．
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and feelings．This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style．Above all，the real poet is a master of words．He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music，and which by their position and association can move men to tears．We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately，or they make our speech silly and rude．
56．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage？C
A．The History of Words                      
B．The Origin of Words
C．The Power of words                    
D．The Future of Words
57．What's the first paragraph mainly about？D
A．The inventors of words
B．The mystery of language．
C．The origin of letters
D．The explanation of words．
58．What's the main point of the second paragraph？A
A．The connections between words make words powerful．
B．The experience makes words more and more meaningful．
C．The power of words has much relationship with one's age．
D．One's vocabulary increases mainly with the growing years．
59．What's the main idea of the last paragraph？B
A．Great writers must have great thoughts and feelings．
B．The achievements in literary also express the power of words．
C．The real poet is a master of words and a musician as well．
D．It's important to choose words carefully when making speech．
60．What's the meaning of the underlined word"telling"according to the passage？C
A．Saying
B．Recognizing
C．Vivid
D．Angry．

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了单词的力量，单词之间的联系使单词变得强大，文学成就也表达了语言的力量．

解答 56．C．主旨大意题．通读全文，可知文章主要讲了单词的力量，单词之间的联系使单词变得强大，文学成就也表达了语言的力量；故选C．
57．D．段落大意题．根据第一段 and that later they agreed upon certain signs，they called letters，which could be combined to represent those sounds，and which could be written down可知主要讲单词的解释；故选D．
58．A．段落大意题．根据第二段The power of words，then，lies in their associations-the things they bring up before our minds可知主要讲了单词之间的联系使单词变得强大；故选A．
59．B．段落大意题．根据最后一段Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and feelings可知主要讲了文学成就也表达了语言的力量；故选B．
60．C．词义猜测题．根据最后一段This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style这个迷人的和使用的话就是我们所说的文学风格；可知意为生动的，使用的；故选C．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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3．A few months ago as I wandered through my parents'house，the same house I grew up in，I had a sudden，scary realization．When my parents bought the house，in 1982，they were only two years older than I am now．I tried to imagine myself in two years，ready to settle down and buy the house I'd still be living in almost 30 years later．
   It seemed ridiculous．On a practical level，there's no way I could afford to buy a house anytime soon．More importantly，I wouldn't want to．I'm not sure where I'll be living in two years，or what kind of job I'll have．And I don't think I'll be ready to settle down and stay in one place．
   So this is probably the generation gap that divides my friends and me from our parents．When our parents were our age，they'd got their education，chosen a career，and were starting to settle into responsible adult lives．
   My friends and I--"Generation Y"--still aren't sure what we want to do with our lives．Whatever we end up doing，we want to make sure we're happy doing it．We'd rather take risks first，try out different jobs，and move from one city to another until we find our favorite place．We'd rather spend our money on travel than put it in a savings account．
   This casual attitude toward responsibility has caused some critics to call my generation"arrogant"，"impatient"，and"overprotected"．Some of these complaints have a point．As children，we were encouraged to succeed in school，but also to have fun．We grew up in a world full of technological innovation：cellphones，the Internet，instant messaging，and video games．
   Our parents looked to rise vertically（垂直的）--starting at the bottom of the ladder and slowly making their way to the top，on the same track，often for the same company．That doesn't apply to my generation．
Because of that，it may take us longer than our parents to arrive at responsible，stable adulthood．But that's not necessarily a bad thing．In our desire to find satisfaction，we will work harder，strive for ways to keep life interesting，and gain a broader set of experiences and knowledge than our parents'generation did．
    By Ariel Lewiton
61．When the author walked through her parents'house，she．C
A．had no idea what she wanted from life
B．realized I should buy a house
C．started to think about her own life
D．wondered why her parents had settled down early
62．What is the main"generation gap"between the author and her friends and their parents according to the article？A
A．Their attitude toward responsibility．   
B．Their ways of making their way to the top．
C．Their ways of gaining experience．      
D．Their attitude towards high technology．
63．Which of the following might the author agree with？B
A．It's better to take adult responsibility earlier．
B．It's all right to try more before settling down．
C．It involves too much effort to rise vertically．
D．It's ridiculous to call her generation"arrogant"．
64．What can we conclude from the article？D
A．The author is envious of her parents enjoying a big house at her age．
B．Growing up in a hi-tech world makes"Generation Y"feel insecure about relationships．
C．"Generation Y"don't want to grow up and love to be taken care of by their parents．
D．The author wrote this article to make others understand her generation better．
65．What is the main theme of the article？B
A．The sudden realization of growing up．
B．A comparison between lifestyles of generations．
C．Criticisms of the young generation．  
D．The factors that have changed the young generation．
4．Owning a smartphone may not be as smart as you think．They may let you surf the Internet，listen to music and take photos wherever you are，but they also turn you into a workaholic（工作狂）．
A study suggests that，by giving you access to emails at all times，the smartphone adds as much as two hours to your working day．Researchers found that Britons work an additional 460 hours a year on average as they are able to respond to emails on their mobiles．The study shows the average UK working day is between 9 and 10 hours，but a further 2 hours is spent responding to or sending work emails，or making work calls．
Almost one in ten admits spending up to three hours outside their normal working day checking work emails．Some workers say they are on call almost 24 hours a day．Nearly two-thirds say they often check work emails just before they go to bed and as soon as they wake up，while over a third have replied to one in the middle of the night．The average time for first checking emails is between 6 am and 7 am，with more than a third checking their first email in this period，and a quarter checking them between 11pm and midnight．
Ghadi Hobeika，marketing director of Pixmania，said："The ability to access millions of applications has made smartphones invaluable for many people．However，there are disadvantages．Many companies expect their employees to be on call 24 hours a day，seven days a week，and smartphones mean that people cannot get away from work．The more constantly in touch we become，the more is expected of us in work．"
67．With a smartphone the average UK working day isC．
A.2 hours       B.9 to 10 hours          C.11 to 12 hours               D.24 hours
68．It could be inferred from the text that the British peopleD．
A．prefer to check emails in the morning
B．are crazy about different smartphones
C．shorten their normal working hours
D．work extra hours with smartphones
69．What does Ghadi Hobeika feel about smartphones？C
A．They are unimportant for most of people．
B．They have disadvantages for some companies．
C．They make it impossible for people to rest．
D．They are useful to improve a work ability．
70．Where can we most probably read this text？B
A．In a science fiction
B．In a newspaper．
C．In a travel magazine
D．In a storybook．
1．Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages，causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative （负面的） consequences of a decision．
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways．
"Stress affects how people learn，"says Professor Mara Mather．"People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress．"
For example，two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images（影像） with either rewards or punishments．In one experiment，some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience； in the other，some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water．In both cases，the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress．
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress-at those moments，only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind．But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect．Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better，but negative consequences are also easily recalled．
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women．While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress，their responses to risk turn out to be different．
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way．In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big，men may tend to do better，when caution weighs more，however，women will win．
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men：they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction．

68．We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend toB．
A．recall consequences more effortlessly
B．keep rewards better in their memory
C．make risky decisions more frequently
D．learn a subject more effectively
69．According to the research，stress affects people most probably in theirA．
A．ways of making choices
B．preference for pleasure
C．tolerance of punishments
D．responses to suggestions
70．The research has proved that in a stressful situation，C．
A．women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B．men have a greater tendency to slow down
C．men are more likely to take risks
D．women focus more on outcomes．
8．You're lost in the world of dreams and sleep．You roll over，smiling as you come across a swimming pool filled with chocolate．And then，your wonderful dream becomes a nightmare when someone is screaming，"Get up!"It's just what every teenager goes through each morning!
Now，there seems to be one school that finally understands that requiring teens to show up at 9am is not just cruel but also harmful to both the kids and the school．
The Monkseaton High School in North Tyneside，Britain，recently decided to experiment to see if there is any difference in student behavior if they just pushed back the start of their day by one hour，from 9am to 10am．And the results are surprising．
Since carrying out the later start，Monkseaton has seen a 28% drop in  truancy，even hardly any lateness，and best of all，higher test scores．One of the reasons is that the teenagers are much happier to have the extra hour of sleep，but there is also a scientific reason behind why they need the extra sleep．
The school's decision to push back the time was based on the research done by Oxford Professor Russell Foster，who pointed out that teenagers and adults have different sleep cycles，explaining why teenagers go to bed late and wake up late．
While adults are wide awake and ready at 8am，teenagers are not fully awake until 10am，sometimes even noon．Teachers may argue that their students perform better in the morning，but in fact，it is because they are in the zone while their students are still sleepy，making the students easier to control．Memory tests prove that the more difficult classes should be in the afternoon when teenagers are most wide awake．
The Monkseaton school officials are encouraged by the results and plan on voting to make it a permanent change．

67．What's the best title of this passage？B
A．Get up early，teenagers!
B．Finally，a school understands teenagers．
C．Why do teenagers stay up late？
D．Difference between teens and adults．
68．What's the meaning of the underlined word"truancy"？C
A．grades         B．subjects
C．absence        D．classes
69．What can we learn from the passage？D
A．Teenagers and adults have the same sleep cycle．
B．Teenagers are fully awake at 10am．
C．Teenagers are much happier to sleep than study．
D．Teenagers need the extra sleep also for a scientific reason．
70．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？D
A．The Monkseaton school is satisfied with the result of experiments．
B．It is cruel for the teenagers to show up at 9am．
C．The Monkseaton school plans to change the school time forever．
D．Teenagers perform better in the morning than in the afternoon．
18．Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too？Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself？Well，apparently it's because we have mirror neurons （神经元）in our brains．
       Put simply，the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something，our brains imitate （模仿）it，whether or not we actually perform the same action．This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile，talk，walk，dance or play sports．But the idea goes further：mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions，they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people．
       Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains，but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages，and to understand how other people feel．Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language．A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to （for example："The hand took hold of the ball"），the same mirror neurons were triggeredas when the action was actually performed （in this example，actually taking hold of a ball）．
       Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior．Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning．However，it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders．
       Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with even more information concerning how humans behave and interact （互动）．Indeed，it may turn out to be the equivalent （相等物）for neuroscience of what Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics．And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does-well，perhaps you'll understand why．
72．Mirror neurons can explainC．
A．why we cry when we are hurt                  
B．why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C．why we smile when we see someone else smile 
D．why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
73．The underlined word"triggered"in the third paragraph probably means"A"．
A．set off         B．cut off          C．built up             D．broken up
74．We can learn from the passage that mirror neuronsA．
A．relate to human behavior and interaction      
B．control human physical actions and feelings
C．result in bad behavior and social disorders           
D．determine our knowledge and language abilities
75．What is the passage mainly about？D
A．Ways to find mirror neurons．
B．Problems of mirror neurons．
C．Existence of mirror neurons．
D．Functions of mirror neurons．
5．High in the sky，a group of birds fly past．The 5-foot-tall creatures are whooping cranes，the tallest birds in North America noted for its loud call．The wild animals appear to be following much larger birds．But those aren't birds at all．They are three-wheeled aircraft called trikes，and the pilots flying them are wearing white helmets and white gowns．That plan might sound like a stupid idea，but it's not．The pilots are from an organization called Operation Migration．They are helping the whooping cranes learn to migrate，or move from one area to another when the seasons change．The cranes are endangered．In 1941，the species had dwindled（减少）to roughly 20 birds because of hunting and habitat loss．US wildlife officials counted 149 whooping cranes in November 1995，the most since the American government began taking censuses（统计）in the 1930s．Today，about 380 remain．
In the fall，whooping cranes are supposed to migrate south．However，many of them don't know how．"With so few birds left，young whooping cranes typically don't have parents around to teach them，"explains pilot Joe Duff．
That's where the trikes come in．Each October，pilots dress up as whooping cranes and take to the skies in Wisconsin．The young birds follow them because they think the trikes are big whooping cranes．
It takes about three months to reach south-with plenty of rest stops on the way．The pilots lead the cranes to refuges，or protected areas，in Florida．
This spring，the birds will migrate north by themselves-no trikes needed!"It's nice because you know the birds are going to make it，"Duff told WR News．
41．We can learn from the passage that whooping cranesC．
A．are the tallest birds in the world         
B．aren't birds at all
C．are increasing in the past 15 years       
D．have no team spirit
42．The three-wheeled aircraft serve asA．
A．adult cranes
B．food suppliers 
C．temporary habitats 
D．hunting tools
43．It can be inferred from the passage thatA．
A．the aircraft make a great difference to the cranes
B．the aircraft don't have an effect on the cranes
C．the cranes get lost frequently
D．the cranes fly to Florida nonstop
44．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE？D．
A．Whooping cranes are famous for their height．
B．The pilots wear helmets and gowns to attract people's attention．
C．Whooping cranes want to migrate north in the autumn．
D．Whooping cranes will migrate on their own this spring．
45．What's the main idea of the passage？B
A．Baby whooping cranes don't have parents around．
B．Pilots show baby whooping cranes how to migrate．
C．Whooping cranes are becoming endangered．
D．Whooping cranes are a clever species．
2．Once upon a time，there was a wonderful old man who loved everything on the land--animals and plants．
One day while walking through the woods，the old man found a cocoon of a butterfly．He took it home．A few days later，a small opening appeared； he sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole．Then it seemed to stop making any progress．It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no farther．Then the man decided to help the butterfly，so he took a pair of scissors and cut the remaining bit of the cocoon．The butterfly then came out easily．
But it had a swollen body and small，shriveled wings．The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that，at any moment，the wings would enlarge and expand to be able to support the body，or they would be smaller．Neither happened!In fact，the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and shriveled （枯萎）wings．It never was able to fly．
What the man in his kindness and hurry did not understand was that the struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening was nature's way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon．
Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life．If we were allowed to go through our life without any difficulties，it would cripple （无能） us．We would not be as strong as what we could have been．And we could never fly．

21．The old man cut the cocoon in order toC．
A．kill the butterfly
B．play with the butterfly
C．make the butterfly come out easily
D．have the butterfly
22．The reason why the butterfly could not fly is thatD．
A．the old man broke its wings
B．it was too small
C．newly born butterflies can't fly
D．it came out of its cocoon without enough struggle
23．What can we know from the passage？B
A．That old man was fond of everything except the butterfly．
B．It was the old man that stopped the butterfly flying．
C．The old man realized his mistake．
D．It's not hard for the butterfly to come out of the cocoon．
24．What does the author want to tell us by writing the passage？C
A．We should help others．
B．Without others help we can still succeed．
C．Struggles in our life can make us stronger．
D．Butterflies can fly without people's help．
3．Faces，like fingerprints，are unique．Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people？Even a skilled writer probably couldn't describe all the features that make one face different from another．Yet a very young child-or even an animal，such as a pigeon can learn to recognize faces．We all take this ability for granted．
We also tell people apart by how they behave．When we talk about someone's personality，we mean the ways in which he or she acts，speaks，thinks and feels that make that individual different from others．
Like the human face，human personality is very complex．But describing someone's personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face．If you were asked to describe what a"nice face"looked like，you probably would have a difficult time doing so．But if you were asked to describe a"nice person"，you might begin to think about someone who was kind，moderate，friendly，warm and so on．
There are many words to describe how a person thinks，feels and acts．Gordon Allport，an American psychologist，found nearly 18，000English words characterizing differences in people's behavior．And many of us use this information as a basis for describing，or typing，his personality．Bookworms，conservatives，military types-people are described with such terms．
People have always tried to"type"each other．Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain's or the hero's role．In fact，the words"person"and"personality"come from the Latin persona，meaning"mask"．Today，most television and movie actors do not wear masks．But we can easily tell the"good guys"from the"bad guys"because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions．
54．By using the example of fingerprints，the author tells us thatD．
A．people can learn to recognize faces
B．people have different personalities
C．people have difficulty in describing the features of fingerprints
D．people differ from each other in facial features
55．According to this passage，some animals have the gift ofD．
A．telling people apart by how they behave
B．typing each other
C．telling good people from bad people
D．recognizing human faces
56．Who most probably knows best how to describe people's personality？B
A．The ancient Greek audience．
B．The movie actors．
C．Psychologists．
D．The modern TV audience．
57．According to the passage，it is possible for us to tell one type of    person from another becauseD．
A．human faces have complex features
B．human fingerprints provide unique information
C．people's behavior can be easily described in words
D．people differ in their behavioral and physical characteristics．

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