Sleep is crucial for good mental and physical health,yet it's often overlooked in discussions about 1. individuals can do to improve people’s health. A latest survey has found that Americans get 2. t 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Sleep is crucial for good mental and physical health,yet it's often overlooked in discussions about 1. individuals can do to improve people’s health.

A latest survey has found that Americans get 2. too little sleep or sleep that is of very poor quality. In fact,within any 24-hour period,a third of Americans report having not received the 3. (recommend) minimum of seven hours of sleep.

Lack 4. sleep is associated with an increased risk of several diseases,including type 2 diabetes,heart disease and depression. And it also contributes to traffic accidents,5. (industry) accidents and medical errors. That's 6. the

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has declared it a public health epidemic(流行病) .

According to Dr. Michael Howell,7.assistant professor of neurology(神经学) at the University of Minnesota,good sleep habits,like ones for exercise and diet,need 8. (practise) over the long term. Besides the amount of sleep you need,when you get it also 9. (matter) .Eight hours of poorly timed sleep is not 10.(particular) satisfying.

1. what。考查连接词。设空处引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语，故填what。

2. either。考查连词。.either... or...意为“或者……或者……”。

3. recommended。考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，且recommend 与 minimum 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填 recommended 。

4. of。考查介词。lack of意为“缺少”。

5. industrial。考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处修饰名词accidents ,故填形容词industrial。

6. why。考查连接词。设空处引导表语从句且设空处所在句意为“这是美国疾病控制与预防丰心把睡眠不足称为大众流行病的原因”，故填 why。

7. an。考查不定冠词。assistant professor为可数名词，且在此处表泛指，故填an。

8. to be practised / practising。考查谓语动词。

habits与practise之间是被动关系，need后可用不定式的-ing动式或动词-ing形式的主动式表不被动意义，故填to be practised / practising。

9. matters。考查一般现在时和主谓一致。设空处描述的是客观事实，且名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故填matters。

10. particularly^考查副词。.设空处修饰satis&ing ,故用副词。

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根据括号内的提示补全下面短文。

Fast food,a typical product,is seeing a decline. In the 1970s and 1980s,fast food sales reached their peak. Then,in 1991,because of the 1.(decline) economy,the 2. (grow) of fast food sales began to slow down. There sprang up a number of 3. (compete) at that time.And in the 1990s,a lot of 4. (America) , including children,were willing to spend more on other activities. For example,in 1997，5.

(可以带回家的) food sold by 6. (超级市场) made up 21 percent of the total,while that supplied by fast food restaurants was 48 percent. But,one year 7. (late) , the latter's share was 41 percent. This trend has continued into the 21st century,as a lot of people hold the 8.(believe) that America is today the fattest country,and fast food is one of the main reasons.

As consumers,we all want low prices,but how can big retailers(零售商) afford to make their prices so attractive? What they do not do is 1 their own profits to reduce prices. They pass those “low prices” along the supply chain to the 2 , who are forced to 3 with each other globally to be the cheapest. The producers then have to pass on the cost of 4 production to their workers. That is to say,they can only 5 these workers — some of them are the poorest in the world — minimum salaries or less.

That's why FAIRTRADE,a social movement has appeared. David Simpson,one of the staff 6 ,aWe first visit existing producers to take a close look at their products and their business strengths and weaknesses. 7 everything is good,we sit down and work out an action plan,a strategy,together. Sometimes the producers might need help or 8 in order to get their products to meet the market demands. But what is much more 9 is that we also agree to buy directly for a fair price that is 10 ,that is,we will not suddenly offer to pay less. The FAIRTRADE minimum price defines the 11 price that a buyer of FAIRTRADE products must pay the producer. The minimum price is 12 based on talks between FAIRTRADE producers and traders and makes sure that producers receive a price,which 13 the cost of workable production. This 14 workers to start climbing out of poverty. Later,we provide training in marketing and other 15 so that producers can gradually become independent. Meanwhile,the products themselves are already being 16 in our own FAIRTRADE shops and in an increasing number of other shops."

FAIRTRADE products are now recognized 17 and sales are rising. Consumers realize they are buying a quality product at a competitive price while 18 the producer. Instead of increasing the profits of the middlemen,their 19 are building a Aiture for some of the world's 20 people.

1. A. show B. cut C. increase D. earn

2. A. workers B. consumers C. retailers D. producers

3. A. argue B. compete C. cooperate D. discuss

4. A. mass B. quick C. cheap D. efficient

5. A. pay B. bring C. lend D. send

6. A. agrees B. explains C. complains D. imagines

7. A. If B. Because C. Though D. Unless

8. A. praise B. friendship C. success D. support

9. A. convenient B. practical C. important D. interesting

10. A. decided B. guaranteed C. suggested D. permitted

11. A. average B. selling C. lowest D. fairest

12. A. set B. changed C. predicted D. admitted

13. A. returns B. shares C. ignores D. covers

14. A. advises B. forces C. allows D. expects

15. A. interests B. skills C. facts D. processes

16. A. presented B. sold C. used D. examined

17. A. widely B. quickly C. excitedly D. eagerly

18. A. trusting fi. training C. encouraging D. helping

19. A. kindnesses B. improvements C. presents D. purchases

20. A. saddest B. busiest C. poorest D. weakest

Maybe you can't call the far side of the moon “the dark side” anymore. The Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) satellite,1. is equipped with NASA* s camera,is orbiting between the earth and the sun at a distance 2.1 million miles.

The camera on DSCOVR shot a(n) 3.(attract) view of the moon crossing in front of the earth. The image clearly shows the moon's far side 4. (light) up by the sun — though even in full sunlight,the earth is far brighter. aIt is surprising how much brighter the earth is than the moon ,” DSCOVR project scientist Adam Szabo said. “Our planet is a(n) 5. (true) brilliant object in dark space compared to the lunar surface.”

Though the moon's so-called dark side can't be seen from the earth 一 thanks to the moon always presenting the same side to 6. (it) neigh- bor —it's far from the first time we’ve seen it.

In 1959,the Soviet Union sent a probe(航天探测器) 7. (photograph) the far side,and it 8. (follow) up with another probe in 1965.Astronauts from Apollo 8 ,in 1968,were the first 9. (human) to view it,and most other Apollo missions also viewed it.

“The back side looks like a sand pile my kids have played in. It's just a lot of bumps and holes,” noted Apollo 8's William Anders. “It’s not a(n) 10. (inspire) sight."

Nearly all of us have dreamed about winning the big prize in a lottery (彩票) .We dream about 1. we would do with the money,but we 2. (rare) stop to think about how the money would change us.

For most of us,our way of life is closely linked 3. our economic circumstances. The different parts of our lives fit together like a jigsaw(拼图)-work,home,friends,hobbies,and sports make 4. our world. A sudden fortune would change it all and break the jigsaw. For example,most people like the idea of not 5. (have) to work,but winners have found that without work there is no reason to get up in the morning. It seems great 6. (move) to a bigger house in a(n) 7. (wealth) area,but if you do that,you leave old friends behind.

Usually,winners 8. (advise) not to publicize their addresses and phone numbers,but begging letters still arrive. 9. they are not careful,most of their money will be spent on the 10. (protect) of their homes and swimming pools and their mental health!

For thousands of years,kites have been made and flowaby people of all ages.

A simple kite can be made with two crossed pieces of light wood 1. (glue) to a sheet of paper or plastic. Then all 2. is needed is a cloth tail for balance and a ball of cord(绳子) .

Most kite fans fly their kites just 3.fun,but serious kite fliers enter contests and tournaments. These events are conducted under the 4.(rule) of the International Kitefliers,Association. Kites are used for practical purposes,too. The US Weather Bureau uses kites 5.(gather) information about winds and weather. Some of the kites used in this work cany scientific instruments and fly 6. (high) than 20,000 feet.

The flat kite 7. (be) the simplest and most popular kite,and the box kite is another popular type. Another favorite kite looks something like a bird.

To launch a kite,it's 8. (usual) necessary to run into the wind for a few feet. As the kite begins to rise,let out more line and give 9. . some short tugs(猛拉) .

Do not fly a kite near trees or power lines. Also,you should not fly a kite in an area 10. there are low-flying aircraft.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧) ,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只充许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。

When I was 8 ,I caught a disease naming ADD. which led to me having trouble concentrating. I don't realize how bad it was until early middle school. I noticed I couldn’t focus in my lessons. Obviously,I fell farther behind in my studies. One of my classmate even told me I would never get out of high school. I told me the only thing I could do was try as hard as possible. With the help of my teachers try as hard as possible. With the help of my teachers and classmates,T ve made a great progress and becoming a top student. I am a senior this year and ready to graduate from high school. I’m writing this story tell people you can be great at anything unless you work hard.

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧) ,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只充许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。

One day,my mother took me to a restaurant for a lunch. There was an old man,wearing an old army jacket,which obviously behaved strange. The waitress was not patient and insisted the man showed her his money after she took his order. When we were checking in,the old man was in front of us,paying his bill. My mother reached out and paid his bill. She told the waitress not judge a man by his clothes. Besides,she told the waitress everyone should show respects for the old. The waitress went red and making an apology to the old man. I was proud of my mother,who always told myself to do the right thing.

In a new study from the University of Iowa,

! researchers found that pigeoiis can categorize and name both nattffal and human-made objects — and not just a few objects. These birds categorized 128 photographs into 16 categories,and they did so simultaneously(同时地) .

Ed Wasserman,UI professor of psychology and I corresponding author of the study,says the finding I suggests a similarity between how pigeons learn :words and the way children do. “Our pigeons were trained on all 16 categories simultaneously,a much closer analog(类似物) of how children leam words I and categories,” Wasserman says of the study,published online in the journal Cognition.

For researchers like Wasserman,who has been;studying animal intelligence for decades,this latest!experiment is further proof that animals — whether primates(灵长目动物) ，birds,or dogs — are smarter than once assumed and have more to teach scientists.

“As our methods have improved,so too have!our understanding and appreciation of animal ：intelligence ,” Wasserman says. “Differences between :humans and animals must indeed exist: many are already known. But,they may be outnumbered by ;similarities. Our research on categorization in pigeons;suggests that those similarities may even extend to i how children learn words."

This time,researchers used a computerized version of the “name game” in which three pigeons were shown 128 black-and-white photos of objects from 16 basic categories. They then had to peck (啄) on one of two different symbols: the correct one for that photo and an incorrect one that was randomly chosen from one of the remaining 15 categories. The pigeons succeeded in learning the task.

Pigeons have long been known to be smarter than average birds. Among their many talents,pigeons have a “homing instinct(本能) ” that helps them find their way home from hundreds of miles away. They have better eyesight than humans and have been trained to spot orange life jackets of people lost at sea.

Wasserman acknowledges the recent pigeon study is not a direct analog of word learning in children and more work needs to be done. However,the model used in the study could lead to a better understanding of the associative principles involved in children's word learning. “That's the similarity that we are pursuing,but a single project — however creative it may be — will not be enough to answer such a big question ,” Wasserman says.

6. What does the new study indicate?

A. Aniinals are strange to scientists.

B. Animals are smarter than humans.

C. Animals are cleverer than we once thought.

D. Animals are less similar to humans than expected.

7. What can be concluded from the experiment?

A. Pigeons are good learners.

B. It is a complicated process to learn.

C. Humans do better in solving problems.

D. Pigeons learn differently from children.

8. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about?

A. How pigeons travel.

B. Why pigeons are smart.

C. Pigeons’ good eyesight.

D. Pigeons’ special ability.

9. What does the underlined part “a big question”(in the last paragraph) refer to?

A. How children learn words.

B. How animals get motivated to learn.

C. When children show eagerness to learn to speak.

D. If pigeohs and children leam words in a similar way.

10. The text is most likely to be taken out of a .

A. science report B. personal diary

C. zoo guidebook D. fashion magazine

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