题目内容

Doctors in Britain are warning of an obesity time bomb, when children who are already overweight grow up. So, what should we do? Exercise more? Eat less? Or both? The government feels it has to take responsibility for this expanding problem.
The cheerful Mr. Pickwick, the hero of the novel by Charles Dickens, is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump and happy. In 18th century paintings, beauty is equated （使…等同） with rounded bodies and soft curves. But nowadays being overweight is seen as indicating neither a cheerful character nor beauty but an increased risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
So what do you do? Diet? Not according to England's chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson. He says that physical activity is the key for reducing the risks of obesity, cancer and heart disease. And the Health Secretary John Reid even said that being inactive is as serious a risk factor in heart disease as smoking.
So, having bought some cross trainers, how much exercise should you do? According to Sir Liam Donaldson, at least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week. Is going to the gym the answer? Luckily for those who think that running machines are boring, the Health Development Agency believes that physical activity that fits into people's lives may be more effective. They suggest taking the stairs rather than the lift, walking up escalators, playing active games with your children, dancing or gardening. And according to a sports psychologist, Professor Biddle, gyms "are not making the nation fit", and may even cause harm.
There's new scientific evidence that too much exercise may actually be bad for you. Scientists at the University of Ulster have found that unsuitable exercise releases dangerous free radicals that can adversely （oppositely） affect normal function in unfit people. The only people who should push their bodies to that level of exercise on a regular basis are trained athletes.
So, should we forget about gyms and follow some expert's advice to reduce sedentary （久坐不动的） activities and increase exercise in our daily life? After all, getting off the bus a stop early and walking the rest of the way can't do any harm! One final thought. How come past generations lacked gym facilities but were leaner and fitter than people today? 
小题1:Mr.Pickwick and the paintings of the 18m century are used as examples to show that_____.
A．beauty should be overweight
B．a fat man is usually a cheerful character
C．fatness was considered something good at one time
D．fatness leads to an increased risk of disease
小题2:According to Sir Liam Donaldson, we should_____.
A．go on a dietB．do regular physical activity
C．give up smokingD．go to the gym
小题3:The underlined phrase cross trainers probably refers to _____.
A．people who help you do exerciseB．places where you can do exercise
C．a kind of shoesD．a form of vehicles
小题4:At present being overweight indicates _____.
A．an increased risk of diseasesB．a happier life
C．a cheerful characterD．a beauty
小题5:What is the passage mainly about?
A．how to keep fit and avoid fatness.B．increased risks for overweight people.
C．the dangers of exercise in the gym.D．the benefit of a balanced diet.

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:A 
小题5:A

试题分析：文章大意：肥胖问题越来越严重了，然而，过量的锻炼对人体也有害，那怎么锻炼才健康呢？
小题1:C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句The cheerful Mr. Pickwick, the hero of the novel by Charles Dickens, is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump and happy.可知胖曾被看做是幸福。故C正确。
小题2:B细节理解题。根据文章第四段中According to Sir Liam Donaldson, at least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week.可知要有规律的体育活动。故B正确。
小题3:C词义推测题。 根据本句后句how much exercise should you do?可以推测cross trainers为一种健身用的用品。故C正确。
小题4:A细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句But nowadays being overweight is seen as indicating neither a cheerful character nor beauty but an increased risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.可知现在肥胖被认为是增加疾病的危险。故A正确。
小题5:A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述越来越严重的肥胖问题，以及怎么解决肥胖问题，故A正确。
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Most young people 21 some form of 22    activity.  It may be walking, cycling,or swimming, or in winter, skating, or skiing. It may be a game of some kind—football, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering. (登山运动) Those who have a 23 for climbing high and difficult mountains are often 24 with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to 25 cold and hardship, and to take 26 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the 27 between mountaineering and other forms of activity 28 which men 29 their leisure (空闲的) time. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no manmade rules, 30 there are for such games as golf and football. There are, 31 rules of a different kind which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from manmade rules 32 makes mountaineering 33 to many people. Those who climb mountains are 34 to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game” .We should be mistaken in this. There are , it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers but when climbers are on a rock face 35 by a rope 36 which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork. The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical 37. A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis 38 are in their early twenties. 39 it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly 40 equal enjoyment.
小题1:
A．pleaseB．playC．getD．enjoy
小题2:
A．physicalB．mentalC．joyD．pleasant
小题3:
A．feelingB．thirstC．possessionD．position
小题4:
A．looked downB．looked outC．looked uponD．looked round
小题5:
A．sufferB．observeC．enjoyD．stare at
小题6:
A．dangerB．painsC．risksD．efforts
小题7:
A．differenceB．distanceC．similarityD．relationship
小题8:
A．intoB．atC．forD．to
小题9:
A．drawB．spendC．devoteD．spare
小题10:
A．asB．andC．orD．so
小题11:
A．sometimesB．howeverC．of courseD．therefore
小题12:
A．whichB．thatC．whatD．whatever
小题13:
A．satisfyingB．tiresomeC．terrifyingD．attractive
小题14:
A．urgedB．forcedC．limitedD．free
小题15:
A．fixedB．hungC．linkedD．winded
小题16:
A．atB．inC．overD．on
小题17:
A．effortsB．spiritsC．techniquesD．qualities
小题18:
A．athletesB．observersC．championsD．sportsmen
小题19:
A．ButB．ThereforeC．SoD．Thus
小题20:
A．experienceB．giveC．receiveD．want
Going on holiday not only makes you feel good while you’re there, you also gain the health benefits for months, new research shows．
Jetting off to destinations such as the Maldives cuts your blood pressure, helps you sleep better and bounce back from stress, it found．The benefits last at least a fortnight longer than the vacation and can be felt for months in some cases where it is claimed．Experts say workers should always take their full holiday entitlement（权利）each year, but as many as one in three don’t．
The study compared key health markers in holidaymakers visiting Thailand, Peru or the Maldives, with people who stayed at home and continued working．The average blood pressure of those on holiday dropped by six percent while the workers saw their blood pressure rise by two percent over the same period．The sleep quality of holidaymakers improved by 17 percent while that of the non-holidaymakers deteriorated by 14 percent．
The study also found the ability of vacationers to recover from stress, known as the stress-resilience test improved by 29 percent．There was a 71 percent fall in stress resilience scores among workers．Tests showed a fall in blood glucose levels, reducing the risk of diabetes （糖尿病）, trimmer waistlines and improved mood and energy levels, with the effects sustained for at least two weeks after returning home．
The Holiday Health Experiment was conducted by tour operator Kuoni and Nuffield Health, the UK’s largest healthcare charity．
小题1:According to the passage, how many people go on holiday?
A．Two thirds．B．One third．
C．17 percent．D．A quarter．
小题2:Which of the following can we infer from the passage?
A．The further you go, the better you get the benefits．
B．Most people like to stay at home during the holiday．
C．The result of the study is mostly based on the description from the people involved．
D．Holiday makers are more adaptable than non-holidaymakers．
小题3:The author intends to tell us that ________．
A．we have to go on holiday as much as possible
B．you’ll certainly get depressed if you don’t go on holiday
C．we had better go on holiday for the benefits of health
D．it is best to go to foreign countries like Maldives
小题4:The best title of the passage is ________．
A．A Holiday Health Experiment
B．Health Benefits from Holiday
C．Health Problems of Having Holiday
D．Key Health Markers in Holidaymakers
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control your behavior, but when you're asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back, you're a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don't like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive（不坦率的）person. You worry a lot and you're always easily upset. You're very stubborn（顽固的）, but you aren't very ambitious. You usually live for today not for tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up（卷曲）, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often defensive. You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people．You prefer to be on your own. You're easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You're usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don't often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.
小题1: According to the writer，you naturally show your secret and real personality _________.
A．only in a normal night
B．only when you go to sleep
C．only when you refuse to show yourself to the world
D．only when you change sleeping position
小题2: Which is NOT mentioned in the second paragraph about a person's personality？
A．He or she is always open with others.
B．He or she always likes new ideas earlier than others.
C．He or she is always easily upset.
D．He or she tends to believe in others.
小题3: Maybe you don't want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up. Why？
A．He or she would rather be alone than communicate with you.
B．He or she is rarely ready to help you.
C．He or she prefers staying at home to going out.
D．He or she wouldn't like to get help from you.
小题4:It appears that the writer tends to think highly of the person who sleeps on one side because __________.
A．he or she always shows sympathy for people
B．he or she is confident，but not stubborn
C．he or she has more strengths than weaknesses
D．he or she often considers annoying people
Those who spend more pre-bedtime hours using the Internet or watching television are more likely to report insufficient sleep, even though they sleep almost as long as people spending fewer pre-bedtime hours in front of a computer or television screen, survey findings show.
“While many people use electronic media, say, the Internet, it should be noted that the longer media use before sleep can trigger (self-perceived) insufficient sleep,” lead researcher Dr Nakamori Suganuma, of Osaka University, Japan, told the reporter.
He and colleagues obtained data on self-perceived sleep problems and the use of electronic media prior to bedtime from 5,875 altogether Japanese respondents in two separate Internet-based surveys. Their findings are published in Sleep and Biological Rhythms.
Nearly half of the respondents associated their problem with electronic media use before bedtime. Longer electronic media users were also more likely to report insufficient sleep.
“Overall, 29% of light users (less than 1.5 hours) listed electronic media use as a possible cause of their insufficient sleep. By comparison, 40% of medium users (1.5 to 3 hours) and 54% of heavy users (more than 3 hours) said the same. 
However, longer Internet and television use before bedtime did not correlate with less actual sleep.
While heavy users averaged about 3 more hours in front of computer or television screens than light users, the heavy users averaged only about 12 minutes less pre-workday sleep time than light users.
Notably, Suganuma said, "Internet use affected self-perceived insufficient sleep more than TV watching not only in younger Internet users but also in middle-aged or aged Internet users."
Up to 38% of the respondents listed accessing the Internet far into the night as a possible cause for their sleep disturbance, while about 25% said watching television far into the night caused it.
The findings suggest that while heavy computer and television use before bedtime has a small effect on sleep duration, it may have a more significant effect on "sleep demand and sleep quality," Suganuma notes.
小题1: Heavy computer and television user before bed time are more likely to be______ than light ones.
A．energeticB．happyC．sleepyD．clever
小题2:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Heavy computer and television user before bed time have less sleeping time than light ones.
B．Heavy computer and television user before bed time have worse sleep than light ones.
C．Those suffering insufficient sleep spend less time in using internet than in watching TV.
D．Spend less time in watching TV or surfing the internet, and you will have a better sleep.
小题3:The passage seems to suggest that people ______.
A．be far away from media.
B．watch TV rather than use internet
C．cut down late-night Internet and TV
D．Stop late-night internet and TV
小题4:Which of the following phrases is similar in meaning to the underlined phrase in the sixth paragraph?
A．have any connection withB．make a friend with
C．share the opinion withD．in accordance with
The research tracked the health of 101,000 US nurses over three decades.
Light-to-moderate smokers were twice as likely to die of sudden heart problems as those who had never smoked.
But those who quit smoking saw their risk begin to go back down within years, a journal of the American Heart Association reports.
_________
During the study, there were 315 sudden cardiac deaths（心脏性猝死）——where the heart unexpectedly stops working.
In people aged 35 or younger, this usually because of a heart condition that runs in the family.
But in people who are older than this—as most of the nurses in the study were —it can be the first sign of coronary heart disease, where the heart’s arteries become blocked by fatty deposits.
Of the 315 sudden deaths in the study, 75 were among current smokers, 148 were among recent or past smokers and 128 occurred in people who had never smoked.
Reason to quit
After taking into account other heart risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease, Dr Roopinder Sandhu and his colleagues found the women who smoked were twice as likely as likely to die suddenly even if they smoked “light-to-moderate” amounts —between one and 14 cigarettes a day.
For every five years of continued smoking, the risk went up by 8%.
But women who quit saw their risk fall to that of someone who had never smoked, after 20 years of cessation.
Dr Sandhu, of the University of Alberta, Canad, said: “What this study really tells women is how important it is to stop smoking. The benefits in terms of sudden cardiac death reduction are there for all women, not just those with established heart disease.”
“It can be difficult to quit. It needs to be a long-term goal. It’s not always easily achievable and it may take more than one attempt.”
Ellen Mason, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: “This study shows that smoking just a couple of cigarettes a day could still seriously affect your future health.”
“As we approach the new year, many of us will be making resolutions and giving up smoking will be the top of the list for lots of people.”
“If you’re thinking of quitting and need a nudge, this research adds to the wealth of evidence that stopping smoking is the single best thing you can do for your heart health.”
A recent study in The Lancet of 1.2million Women found those who gave up smoking by the age of 30 would almost completely avoid the risk of dying early from tobacco-related diseases.
Latest figures suggest a fifth of women in England smoke.
小题1:According to the research, light smokers____________.
A．are not likely to suffer from heart problems
B．are more likely to suffer from heart problems than moderate ones
C．can go on smoking only if they don’t smoke much
D．have a high possibility of dying of heart disease
小题2:Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Nonsmokers wouldn’t die of sudden cardiac death
B．Most of the nurses concerned in the research were middle aged.
C．All age groups of people were involved in the research.
D．If the smokers had quit smoking, they wouldn’t have died of heart disease.
小题3:Which of the following is best suitable for the blank in the passage?
A．Raised riskB．Ways of quitting smoking
C．Diseases related to smokingD．Signs of heart disease
小题4:The underlined word “nudge” in the passage probably means “____________”
A．pushB．confidenceC．studyD．comparison
If a city wishes to  host the Olympics, it must submit a proposal(提交提案) to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated, the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city’s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入), and corporate sponsorships(社团赞助), tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
小题1:_______will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.
A. A city that submits a proposal          B. A majority winner in voting
C. A city that has perfect time zone       D. One that hasn’t hosted the Games
小题2: Which of  the following words can be used to replace the word “ selecting” in   paragraph 2?
A．electingB．hopingC．choosingD．thinking
小题3:If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks___.
A．can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours
B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events
C．are willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights
D．will not pay for the Canadian television networks
小题4:According to the last paragraph, which following statement is true?
A．The host city must be left with large debts
B．The city may achieve a lot of money
C．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games
D．It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money
小题5:Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．How to host Olympic GamesB．Winner or loser
C．Applying for host for OlympicsD．The Olympic Games
Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic(寄生虫引起的) disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.
For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
小题1:According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because___.
A．they can remain unaffected for long
B．it is unusual to seek care
C．they are too poor
D．there are too many people suffering from the disease
小题2:People suffering from malaria___.
A．have to kill female mosquitoes
B．have ability to defend parasites
C．have their red blood cells infected
D．have sudden fever, followed by chills
小题3:Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?
A．Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.
B．Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.
C．Its resistance to global warming.
D．Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.
小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that___.
A．no drugs have been found to treat the disease
B．the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C．malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D．nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease
小题5:Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?
A．How can we know one is suffering from malaria?
B．How many people are killed by malaria each year?
C．Why are there so many people suffering from malaria?
D．What has been done to keep people unaffected for long?
People who cannot tell all colors apart are said to be color-blind. Most color-blind people can see yellows and blues, but confuse reds with green. It is very rare for a person to be blind to all colors, but they may see everything in shades of black, white and gray.
It is interesting to point out that many color-blind people don’t even realize that they are color-blind, they don’t know that the colors they are seeing and naming are not the actual colors that people with normal vision can see. This can be dangerous when a color-blind person confuses the red and green of a traffic light.
Color blindness is thought to be inherited（遗传）and although doctors have tested color blindness, there is no cure to treatment for it.
小题1:There are four cards here, and each has two colors. Which card’s colors do you think a color-blind person can tell correctly?
A．Red, GreenB．Green, YellowC．Red, BrownD．Brown, Yellow
小题2:A color-blind person______.
A．always knows how color-blind he is
B．often gives the wrong name of colors
C．see everything as the same color
D．can hardly see something of strong colors
小题3:It’s especially dangerous for a color-blind person to cross a street when_____
A．it is crowded
B．it is a dark night
C．there are no traffic lights at the cross of the streets
D．the traffic light turns red
小题4:A person who is color-blind is believed to have something to do with_____.
A．his old age
B．his poor eyesight
C．his parents or grandparents
D．his living condition
小题5:Up to now, doctors______.
A．have found a way to prevent a person from getting color-blind
B．have found a way to free a person from his color blindness
C．have been able to tell whether a person is color-blind or not
D．have made it quite clear the cause of color blindness

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