Question

4．Society is the term to describe human beings gathered together by social networks t and power networks．It does not refer to everything everybody thinks or does，but，only refer to those things that everybody depends upon，for example，public services，governments，and all kinds of communities．
A society must keep even the poorest and weakest members willing to help even the richest and strongest，so it is very concerned with citizenship，rights，ethics （伦 理）and time limits．These are basic ways to achieve fairness．If they break down badly，people will think the society is unfair and start taking things from each other，refusing to help each other，or seeing those who have more as cheats．
When this happens，it is time for the society to break down or fail．Theft，violence and war are things that can make a society break down．A new society may be formed out of the collapse （崩溃）of an old failed one when people of different kinds reach an agreement about fairness and are willing to live together in harmony again．
To adapt to the society，people should make sure that their behavior can be supported by the society，that is to say，there must be some social rules on which citizens base what they do．However，some people take risks that the society will support them when they do whatever they intend to．For instance，they may refuse to obey the law，and count on their fellow society members to free them in a court of appeal，which harms the society．
Therefore we need a social contract which sets out rules for the society．One kind of the social contract is a constitution （宪法）-which allows a jury or court to decide what is right or wrong according to the social rules．
48．What makes up a society according to the passage？B
A．Human beings and everything they do and think．
B．Human beings and what they rely on to live．
C．Citizenship，rights，ethics and time limits．，
D．Social fairness，public services and social rules．
49．We know from the passage thatA
A．Social fairness is very important for a society to survive
"B．there must be a war to end an old society and build a new one
C．only the poorest are willing to help the richest in a society
D．the poor people in a society are always cheated by those wealthy ones
50．According to the writer，some people refuse to obey the law becauseC
A．their friends always free them in a court of appeal
B．they believe whatever they do is supported by the society
C．there is no social rule to restrict their behavior
D．they think the society is unfair and going to fail
51．What does the author mean in the last paragraph？B
A．A social contract must be a constitution．
B．Keeping social rules is very important．
C．A society should build more courts．
D．People can't decide what is right without a constitution．

Answer 1

分析 文章讲述了社会的构成．社会是有公共设施，政府和团体构成的．理想的社会应该是人人都互相帮助，公民权利，伦理道德起着很大的作用．一旦社会规则被破坏，那么社会就会解体，新的社会就会取代．因此，建立在公平基础上的社会规则很重要，宪法就是这样的规则，它可以让人们知道什么是对的，什么是错的．

解答 答案：48．B 细节理解题．文章第一段说only refer to those things that everybody depends upon，for example，public services，governments，and all kinds of communities社会指的是所有事物和每个人赖以生存的东西．故选B．
49．A 细节理解题．文章第二段说These are basic ways to achieve fairness．If they break down badly，people will think the society is unfair and start taking things from each other，refusing to help each other，or seeing those who have more as cheats社会公平很重要，一旦公平被破坏，那么社会就会出现尔虞我诈，社会就会解体．故选A．
50．C 细节理解题．文章第四段说there must be some social rules on which citizens base what they do必须要有社会规则，否则一些人就会以身试法．故选C．
51．B 推理判断题．文章最后说Therefore we need a social contract which sets out rules for the society我们要用社会规则来组成共同遵守的社会契约．故选B．

点评 阅读理解是考查语篇理解能力．常考的题型有：推理判断题；主旨大意题；细节理解题；猜测词意题．近几年又出现了两种新的考查方式：写作态度判断题和文章结构题．解题时，在读懂文章的基础上，还有特别注意掌握题型的特征，尤其是细节题和推断题不可混淆：细节题是文章信息的再现；推断题是文章信息的提取．本题是广告类文章，考查主要是以细节题为主，细节题要注意常用的出题陷阱有：夸大，缩小，张冠李戴，偷梁换柱，无中生有等，做题时要看清看准．