题目内容

1.If you drop a 12-pound cannonball(炮弹)over the side of a ship,how long will it take for it to reach the bottom of the ocean of the Mariana Trench?
The question above was an example of what scientists call Fermi problem,named
(36)D Nobel Prize-winning physicist Enrico Fermi,who used problems like this to teach his students how to think for themselves.A Fermi problem does not (37)A all the information you need to solve it precisely.
What does this have to do with business or creativity?A great deal.In the real world,we frequently need to make decisions when the(38)C of information does not exist.Most often there may not be the time or the money to make sure of all your(39)D,so your best guess will often be the best you can do.
Fermi is said to have once asked his university students how many piano tuners(调音师)there were in Chicago.To answer the question,he recommended (40)B it down into smaller,more (41)B questions,and then having the (42)A to make some guesses and assumptions.How many people live in Chicago?Three million would be a reasonable estimate.How many people per family?Assume a/an (43)C of four.How many families own pianos?
(44)C one out of three.Then there are about 250,000pianos in Chicago.
(45)D would each be tuned?Maybe once every five years.That (46)B 50,000tunings a year.How many pianos can one tuner tune in a day?Four?And how many in a year?Assuming 250working days,one tuner can(47)A 1,000pianos a year.
So there's work for(48)C 50piano tuners in Chicago--which,as it turns out,is (49)B close to the actual number in the Yellow Pages.
Why was guesswork so accurate?The law of averages is partly (50)D.At any point,your assumptions may be too high or too low.But because of the law of averages,your mistakes,will frequently balance out.

36.A.beforeB.asC.likeD.after
37.A.containB.employC.meanD.occupy
38.A.completeB.entireC.wholeD.full
39.A.mindsB.selectionsC.dreamsD.decisions
40.A.slowingB.breakingC.gettingD.taking
41.A.availableB.manageableC.believableD.comfortable
42.A.courageB.abilityC.inspirationD.desire
43.A.amountB.sizeC.averageD.number
44.A.ThinkB.GuessC.SayD.Hope
45.A.How manyB.How muchC.How longD.How often
46.A.becomesB.makesC.turnsD.gets
47.A.handleB.fixC.repairD.install
48.A.appropriatelyB.exactlyC.approximatelyD.almost
49.A.narrowlyB.reasonablyC.normallyD.properly
50.A.reliableB.sensibleC.correctD.responsible

分析 费米问题帮助人们如何在信息不全的情况下根据"平均数定律"来做出猜测.

解答 36-40.DACDB 41-45.BACCD 46-50.BACBD
36题答案:D考查介词,根据句意"以诺贝尔获得者--物理学家Enrico Fermi命名"可知本题答案为D选项,name after"以…命名".
37题答案:A考查动词,根据句意"费米问题并不包含所有你需要来解决它的信息"可知本题答案为A选项"包含".
38题答案:C考查形容词,根据句意"我们总是需要在并不是所有的信息都全的情况下做决定"可知本题答案为C选项"全部"(与上面的费米问题并不包含所有你需要来解决它的信息呼应).
39题答案:D考查名词,根据句意"大多数时候我们没有时间或者是金钱来确保我们所有的决定"可知本题答案为D选项"决定".
40题答案:B考查动词,根据句意"他建议将问题分解为更小的,更加可控的问题"可知本题答案为B选项,break down意为"分解".
41题答案:B考查形容词,根据句意"他建议将问题分解为更小的,更加可控的问题"可知本题答案为B选项"可控的".
42题答案:A考查名词,根据句意"然后鼓足勇气做出猜测和假设"可知本题答案为A选项"勇气".
43题答案:C考查名词,根据句意"假设平均每家4人"可知本题答案为C选项"平均".
44题答案:C考查动词,根据句意"比方说三分之一"可知本题答案为C选项"比方说"(前面都是假设,后面才是猜出有多少架钢琴).
45题答案:D考查特殊疑问词,根据句意"每架钢琴多久调一次音,或许五年一次"可知本题答案为D选项"多久一次".
46题答案:B考查动词,根据句意"那么一年就会调节50000次"可知本题答案为B选项"得到;变为".
47题答案:A考查动词,根据句意"一个调音师一年可以操作一千架钢琴"可知本题答案为A选项"操作".
48题答案:C考查副词,根据句意"因此大约有50名调音师"可知本题答案为C选项"大约".
49题答案:B考查副词,根据句意"这个数字与官方黄页上的数据相当接近"可知本题答案为B选项"相当;合理地;".
50题答案:D考查形容词,根据句意"平均的定律能够部分地说明问题"可知本题答案为D选项"负责任的;承担责任的"(在本题可以灵活地翻译为"可说明问题的").

点评 本题是人物故事类完形填空.这类题材是高考常考内容,它注重考查考生对整体文章的理解以及对上下文的把握能力,做题时要求考生从语篇及语境两方面考虑,结合选项做出正确的选择.

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41.A.hisB.herC.itsD.yours
42.A.delayedB.destroyedC.startedD.stopped
43.A.missedB.metC.caughtD.left
44.A.hidB.repairedC.examinedD.opened
45.A.whenB.ifC.althoughD.unless
46.A.refusedB.avoidedC.acceptedD.smell
47.A.uglyB.pleasantC.angryD.long
48.A.andB.orC.asD.but
49.A.imaginedB.realizedC.announcedD.pretended
50.A.shoutedB.lookedC.ranD.threw
51.A.gaveB.promisedC.suppliedD.begged
52.A.leftB.calledC.workedD.returned
53.A.knockedB.surprisedC.pleasedD.wasted
54.A.drinkB.foodC.smileD.face
55.A.toB.onC.inD.from
56.A.strangeB.sameC.uniqueD.unusual
57.A.repliedB.remindedC.addedD.thought
58.A.braverB.shorterC.clevererD.younger
59.A.powerB.qualityC.favourD.difference
60.A.differentlyB.kindlyC.calmlyD.younger
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36.A.ButB.AndC.ThenD.Still
37.A.taskB.challengeC.dutyD.job
38.A.carryB.takeC.wearD.see
39.A.hopefullyB.thankfullyC.strangelyD.surprisingly
40.A.ringB.hatC.suitD.watch
41.A.lockedB.showedC.markedD.called
42.A.picking upB.bringing upC.calling outD.making out
43.A.quickB.easyC.lateD.happy
44.A.even soB.after allC.in allD.even worse
45.A.caughtB.lostC.changedD.hurt
46.A.happierB.slowerC.saferD.quieter
47.A.movingB.chattingC.writingD.driving
48.A.startedB.forgotC.supportedD.reported
49.A.collectB.copyC.readD.remember
50.A.feltB.knewC.wishedD.hated
51.A.silenceB.peaceC.patienceD.confidence
52.A.lovableB.comfortableC.greatD.common
53.A.happiestB.simplestC.nicestD.clearest
54.A.spendB.enjoyC.takeD.waste
55.A.lessB.moreC.littleD.much
10.(41)EYou probably think you will never be a top student.This is not necessarily so,however.Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to.Here's how:
Plan your time carefully.When planning your work,you should make a list of things that you have to do.After making this list,you should make a schedule of your time.First your time for eating,sleeping,dressing,etc.Then decide a good,regular time for studying.(42)BA weekly schedule may not solve all your problems,but it will force you to realize what happens to your time.
Find a good place to study.Look around the house for a good study area.Keep this space,which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room,free of everything but study materials.No games,mobile phones,radios,or television.When you sit down to study,concentrate on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class.(43)CListening carefully in class means less work later.Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly.When you get home from school,go over your notes,review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day,read that material.(44)GIf you do these things regularly,the material will become more meaningful,and you'll remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude towards tests.The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.They help you remember your new knowledge.The world won't end if you don't pass a test,so don't be over worried.
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A.There are other methods that might help you with your studying.
B.Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.
C.Take advantage of class time to listen to what the teacher says.
D.No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.
E.Maybe you are a common student.
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G.This will help you understand the next class.

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