题目内容
1.If you drop a 12-pound cannonball(炮弹)over the side of a ship,how long will it take for it to reach the bottom of the ocean of the Mariana Trench?The question above was an example of what scientists call Fermi problem,named
(36)D Nobel Prize-winning physicist Enrico Fermi,who used problems like this to teach his students how to think for themselves.A Fermi problem does not (37)A all the information you need to solve it precisely.
What does this have to do with business or creativity?A great deal.In the real world,we frequently need to make decisions when the(38)C of information does not exist.Most often there may not be the time or the money to make sure of all your(39)D,so your best guess will often be the best you can do.
Fermi is said to have once asked his university students how many piano tuners(调音师)there were in Chicago.To answer the question,he recommended (40)B it down into smaller,more (41)B questions,and then having the (42)A to make some guesses and assumptions.How many people live in Chicago?Three million would be a reasonable estimate.How many people per family?Assume a/an (43)C of four.How many families own pianos?
(44)C one out of three.Then there are about 250,000pianos in Chicago.
(45)D would each be tuned?Maybe once every five years.That (46)B 50,000tunings a year.How many pianos can one tuner tune in a day?Four?And how many in a year?Assuming 250working days,one tuner can(47)A 1,000pianos a year.
So there's work for(48)C 50piano tuners in Chicago--which,as it turns out,is (49)B close to the actual number in the Yellow Pages.
Why was guesswork so accurate?The law of averages is partly (50)D.At any point,your assumptions may be too high or too low.But because of the law of averages,your mistakes,will frequently balance out.
36.A.before | B.as | C.like | D.after |
37.A.contain | B.employ | C.mean | D.occupy |
38.A.complete | B.entire | C.whole | D.full |
39.A.minds | B.selections | C.dreams | D.decisions |
40.A.slowing | B.breaking | C.getting | D.taking |
41.A.available | B.manageable | C.believable | D.comfortable |
42.A.courage | B.ability | C.inspiration | D.desire |
43.A.amount | B.size | C.average | D.number |
44.A.Think | B.Guess | C.Say | D.Hope |
45.A.How many | B.How much | C.How long | D.How often |
46.A.becomes | B.makes | C.turns | D.gets |
47.A.handle | B.fix | C.repair | D.install |
48.A.appropriately | B.exactly | C.approximately | D.almost |
49.A.narrowly | B.reasonably | C.normally | D.properly |
50.A.reliable | B.sensible | C.correct | D.responsible |
分析 费米问题帮助人们如何在信息不全的情况下根据"平均数定律"来做出猜测.
解答 36-40.DACDB 41-45.BACCD 46-50.BACBD
36题答案:D考查介词,根据句意"以诺贝尔获得者--物理学家Enrico Fermi命名"可知本题答案为D选项,name after"以…命名".
37题答案:A考查动词,根据句意"费米问题并不包含所有你需要来解决它的信息"可知本题答案为A选项"包含".
38题答案:C考查形容词,根据句意"我们总是需要在并不是所有的信息都全的情况下做决定"可知本题答案为C选项"全部"(与上面的费米问题并不包含所有你需要来解决它的信息呼应).
39题答案:D考查名词,根据句意"大多数时候我们没有时间或者是金钱来确保我们所有的决定"可知本题答案为D选项"决定".
40题答案:B考查动词,根据句意"他建议将问题分解为更小的,更加可控的问题"可知本题答案为B选项,break down意为"分解".
41题答案:B考查形容词,根据句意"他建议将问题分解为更小的,更加可控的问题"可知本题答案为B选项"可控的".
42题答案:A考查名词,根据句意"然后鼓足勇气做出猜测和假设"可知本题答案为A选项"勇气".
43题答案:C考查名词,根据句意"假设平均每家4人"可知本题答案为C选项"平均".
44题答案:C考查动词,根据句意"比方说三分之一"可知本题答案为C选项"比方说"(前面都是假设,后面才是猜出有多少架钢琴).
45题答案:D考查特殊疑问词,根据句意"每架钢琴多久调一次音,或许五年一次"可知本题答案为D选项"多久一次".
46题答案:B考查动词,根据句意"那么一年就会调节50000次"可知本题答案为B选项"得到;变为".
47题答案:A考查动词,根据句意"一个调音师一年可以操作一千架钢琴"可知本题答案为A选项"操作".
48题答案:C考查副词,根据句意"因此大约有50名调音师"可知本题答案为C选项"大约".
49题答案:B考查副词,根据句意"这个数字与官方黄页上的数据相当接近"可知本题答案为B选项"相当;合理地;".
50题答案:D考查形容词,根据句意"平均的定律能够部分地说明问题"可知本题答案为D选项"负责任的;承担责任的"(在本题可以灵活地翻译为"可说明问题的").
点评 本题是人物故事类完形填空.这类题材是高考常考内容,它注重考查考生对整体文章的理解以及对上下文的把握能力,做题时要求考生从语篇及语境两方面考虑,结合选项做出正确的选择.
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赞同 | 反对 | 你的观点 |
1.人人有长处和不足,成绩差的学生也有可取之处; 2.通过帮助学习差的学生的学习从而使他们建立自信. | 1.部分学习差的学生常常违反校规,担心自己会受影响,养成坏习惯. 2.老是问问题,使自己不能专心学习. |
2.短文需包括表中所有要点,内容可适当发挥,以使行文连贯.
3.参考词汇:成绩差的学生:a slower student.
A. | remind | B. | minister | C. | smile | D. | tidy |
When he had gone about three blocks,he (43)B an old woman.The boy sat down next to her and (44)D his suit.He was about to take a drink(45)A he noticed that the old lady looked thirsty,so he offered him a drink.
The man (46)C it and smiled at the boy.His smile was so (47)B that the boy wanted to see it again,so he offered him another one.
The man again smiled at him.They sat there all afternoon eating and smiling,(48)D they never said a word.
As it grew dark,the boy (49)B it was time to leave,but before he had gone more than a few steps,he turn around,(50)C back to the old man and gave him a hug.The man (51)A him his the biggest smile ever.
When the boy(52)D home a short time later,his mother was (53)Bby the look of joy on his face.She asked him what made him so happy?He replied,"I had lunch with God and God's got the most beautiful (54)CI've never seen!
Meanwhile,the elderly man returned (55)A his home.His son was amazed by the look of joy on his face and asked him the (56)Bquestion as the little boy's mother.The elderly man replied,"I ate and drank in the park with God."However,he (57)C,before his son responded,"you know,he's much (58)Dthan I expected."
Too often we underestimate(低估)the (59)Aof a touch,a smile,and a kind of word,all of which have the potential to turn a life around.We should treat the people we meet (60)B;they come into our lives for a reason.Embrace(拥抱)all equally!
41.A.his | B.her | C.its | D.yours |
42.A.delayed | B.destroyed | C.started | D.stopped |
43.A.missed | B.met | C.caught | D.left |
44.A.hid | B.repaired | C.examined | D.opened |
45.A.when | B.if | C.although | D.unless |
46.A.refused | B.avoided | C.accepted | D.smell |
47.A.ugly | B.pleasant | C.angry | D.long |
48.A.and | B.or | C.as | D.but |
49.A.imagined | B.realized | C.announced | D.pretended |
50.A.shouted | B.looked | C.ran | D.threw |
51.A.gave | B.promised | C.supplied | D.begged |
52.A.left | B.called | C.worked | D.returned |
53.A.knocked | B.surprised | C.pleased | D.wasted |
54.A.drink | B.food | C.smile | D.face |
55.A.to | B.on | C.in | D.from |
56.A.strange | B.same | C.unique | D.unusual |
57.A.replied | B.reminded | C.added | D.thought |
58.A.braver | B.shorter | C.cleverer | D.younger |
59.A.power | B.quality | C.favour | D.difference |
60.A.differently | B.kindly | C.calmly | D.younger |
Every morning since I got a smartphone,I've used The Weather Channel App to find out what to(38)C.On the first morning I had to dress without guidance,but(39)B I was able to guess that the day would be cold and foggy by looking out of my window.
I couldn't tell what time it was.I haven't worn a(40)D for more than a year,because my phone(41)B the time.So I was late for(42)A friends who had been on the bus for two hours from Santa Monica to Palos Verdes.I was also(43)Cfor my part-time job.And(44)B,I couldn't call people to tell them that I was running late.
Getting places was harder,too.I got(45)D because I couldn't use the GPS(汽车导航系统) on my phone.My driving,though,got a lot(46)C because I no longer had my phone in one hand checking directions while(47)D with the other.
But the number one trouble was not having my contact list(联络簿).I forgot to write down my friends'and family members'phone numbers before I(48)A the challenge.It was sad to realize that I couldn't(49)D my brother's and my mom's cell phone numbers.Oh,how I(50)C to turn on the phone for just a second to look up phone numbers!
Even with all the problems,however,I found(51)B not worrying about missing a text message or an e-mail.
This challenge was a(52)C learning experience.It surprised me how I'd taken no notice of even the (53)B things like remembering phone numbers.We all should(54)Csome time to think about how we can depend (55)A on our cell phones.
36.A.But | B.And | C.Then | D.Still |
37.A.task | B.challenge | C.duty | D.job |
38.A.carry | B.take | C.wear | D.see |
39.A.hopefully | B.thankfully | C.strangely | D.surprisingly |
40.A.ring | B.hat | C.suit | D.watch |
41.A.locked | B.showed | C.marked | D.called |
42.A.picking up | B.bringing up | C.calling out | D.making out |
43.A.quick | B.easy | C.late | D.happy |
44.A.even so | B.after all | C.in all | D.even worse |
45.A.caught | B.lost | C.changed | D.hurt |
46.A.happier | B.slower | C.safer | D.quieter |
47.A.moving | B.chatting | C.writing | D.driving |
48.A.started | B.forgot | C.supported | D.reported |
49.A.collect | B.copy | C.read | D.remember |
50.A.felt | B.knew | C.wished | D.hated |
51.A.silence | B.peace | C.patience | D.confidence |
52.A.lovable | B.comfortable | C.great | D.common |
53.A.happiest | B.simplest | C.nicest | D.clearest |
54.A.spend | B.enjoy | C.take | D.waste |
55.A.less | B.more | C.little | D.much |