题目内容

阅读理解

　　Lack of parent willpower may contribute more to juvenile obesity than under-exercising or overeating．

　　Research suggests that having overweight parents is a big influence(影响)upon a child's weight, with one study finding that children with overweight parents were four times more likely to be overweight themselves．

　　The findings add heat to an already fierce political debate(争论)over childhood obesity．The Prime Minister, John Howard, last week decided that ＄116 million be used for programs to deal with obesity, while the Opposition Leader, Mark Latham, recently announced that his party would move to protect children from unhealthy food advertisements．

　　Clare Collins, a senior lecturer at the University of Newcastle, believes such programs will definitely fail unless they influence the way of life of whole families．“If we can't get parents to take action against their own weight problems, then we can't expect to influence their kids,”she said．

　　However, Professor Louise Baur from the Children's Hospital at Westmead, doubts whether adult education programs offer any solution to weight problems．“Many parents know they need to lose weight and they know it influences their kids, but they lack the willpower to do anything about it．”

　　The 10-year study of 150 American children found two-thirds of children with overweight parents became overweight．Only one in six children whose parents were of average weight became overweight．

　　The president of the Australasian Society for the Study of Obesity, Associate Professor Gary Wittert, said parents needed help in doing their job and the Opposition Party's policy(政策)might be on the right track．

　　“We know that driving without a seat belt is unsafe, so we make law against it,”he said．“Obesity is a major public health concern, so why shouldn't we change the law regarding unhealthy food ads?”

(1)

What does the underlined phrase“juvenile obesity”mean?

[　　]

A．

Adult education．

B．

Childhood overweight．

C．

Parents' influence．

D．

Growing pains．

(2)

What is TRUE about the programs supported by the Prime Minister?

[　　]

A．

Debates on them will become less fierce．

B．

They will be effective in dealing with obesity．

C．

A large sum of money will be spent on them．

D．

They will influence people's way of life．

(3)

Both Collins and Baur believe that overweight parents ________．

[　　]

A．

will come up with better solutions

B．

will help with their children's education

C．

should be more active in reducing weight

D．

should carry out at least 10 years study

(4)

According to some experts, the Opposition Party's policy ________．

[　　]

A．

can help fight against unemployment

B．

may protect kids from unhealthy food ads

C．

should be brought back to the right track

D．

will work well to prevent traffic accidents

答案：1．B;2．C;3．C;4．B;
提示：

(1)

根据文章第二段第一句可推知。

(2)

推理判断题。内阁总理上周决定将11.6亿美元用于解决肥胖问题计划，所以可知一大笔钱将用在这项计划上。

(3)

归纳理解题。Clare Collins认为如果超重的父母不能解决自己的体重问题的话，这项计划对孩子的影响将会很小。这说明他认为父母对孩子的影响很大。Baur认为许多父母知道他们需要减肥，父母超重对他们的孩子有影响。所以两者都认为父母对孩子有影响，这就说明父母对孩子的教育也会有帮助。

(4)

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知专家们认为反对党的政策可能在正确的轨道上，所以其政策可能帮助孩子不受不健康的食物广告的影响。


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阅读理解：

　　Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy．Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier, have better marriages and have more respectable jobs．Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs．Even judges are softer on attractive defendants．But in the executive(主管的)circle, beauty can become a liability．

　　While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman．

　　Handsome male executives were considered as having more honesty than plainer men, effort and ability were thought to lead to their success．

　　Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones; their success was connected not with ability but with factors such as luck．

　　All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives．Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was connected more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of the attractive overnight successes．

　　Why are attractive women not thought to be able?An attractive woman is considered to be more feminine and an attractive man more manly than the less attractive ones．Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the “manly” qualities required．

　　This is true even in politics．“When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” say Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates(候选人)．She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness．The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices．They were asked to rank them again, in the order they order they would vote for them．

　　The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men, but the women who had ranked most attractive unchangeably received the fewest vote．

(1)

The word “liability” most probably means ________．

[　　]

A．

disadvantage

B．

advantage

C．

misfortune

D．

trouble

(2)

In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness ________．

[　　]

A．

makes women look more honest and capable

B．

strengthens the feminine qualities required

C．

is of great importance to women

D．

often enables women to succeed quickly

(3)

Bowman’s experiment shows that when it comes to politics, attractiveness ________．

[　　]

A．

turns out to be a disadvantage to men

B．

is more of a disadvantage than an advantage to women

C．

affects men and women alike

D．

had as little effect on men as on women

(4)

It can be inferred from the passage that people’s views on beauty are often ________．

[　　]

A．

practical

B．

supportive

C．

old-fashioned

D．

one-side

(5)

The author writes this passage to ________．

[　　]

A．

give advice to job-seekers who are attractive

B．

discuss the disadvantages of being attractive

C．

demand equal rights for women

D．

state the importance of appearance

阅读理解：

　　Institutional construction is needed to guarantee public participation in environmental protection, says a commentary in Dazhong Daily．An excerpt follows．

　　The State Environment Protection Administration(SEPA)last week released a set of guidelines on public participation in environmental impact(影响)assessment, encouraging direct involvement from the general public in the country’s environmental affairs．

　　This is the first official document on public involvement in the environmental sector, which will make government decisions in the sector more transparent and democratic．Last year, a series of environment issues plunged SEPA into an administrative accountability(问责)storm．The issues include a construction project that could lead to an ecological disaster in the Old Summer Palace in Beijing, water pollution in the Songhua Rive and disputes over the construction of a dam on the Nujing River．Then came the“environment impact assessment storm,”which showed the efforts made by the government in this aspect．

　　Although there are some articles on public involvement in the Environment Impact Assessment Law, they are very ambiguous and not practical．The temporary measures give specific arrangement procedures．It gives recognition and respect to the public rights to environment participation, and also shows the government’s open mind for better environment participation．But such a right of participation is still partial in the assessment stage．There is still a lack of arrangements in the policy-making and law-enforcement phases．

　　In a modern society, every citizen has a right to live in a good environment．Citizens should be able to participate based on their rights t know．Marking such temporary measures is a good way to realize citizens'right to participate．But more should be included, such as citizens'rights to participate in law-making, policy-making and law-enforcement．There should be an open mechanism to provide environment information, and a democratic system encouraging the public to participate in decision-making concerning the environment．

(1)

Which is not the last year’s environment issue?

[　　]

A．

a construction project leading to an ecological disaster in the Old Summer Palace

B．

water pollution in the Songhua River

C．

disputes over the construction of a dam on the Nujing River

D．

measures to guarantee public participation in environmental protection

(2)

The underlined word“transparent”in the third paragraph probably means?

[　　]

A．

clear

B．

doubt

C．

temporary

D．

clean

(3)

The best title of this passage is ________．

[　　]

A．

Public can help environment

B．

The serious environmental problems

C．

The government can protect the environment

D．

The public’s rights

(4)

Which of the following is not the citizens'right to help environmental protection?

[　　]

A．

the right to participate in making laws

B．

the right to be responsible for environmental disasters

C．

the right to participate in making policies

D．

the right to participate in law-enforcement

阅读理解：

　　It is obvious that doctors recognize obesity(肥胖)as a health problem．So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it?

　　The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don’t know what to say．

　　“So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there,” said Christine C．Ferguson, director of the Stop Obesity Alliance．“Patients are not told about the possibility of diabetes(a kind of disease),” she said．“And doctors don’t feel they have good information to give．They felt that they didn’t have adequate tools to address this problem．

　　The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too．The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don’t even know that they’re too heavy．Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight．

　　Of those who were told they were obese, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found．In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past－and many are still trying, the survey found．And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesity-related diseases like hypertension and diabetes．

　　Dr．William Bestermann Jr．, medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn．, which ranks the 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem．“If you’re to be successful with helping your patients lose weight, you have to talk to them at actually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them and coach them,” he said．

He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be not optimistic．

　　“Part of this is that there's this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that overweight people are weak-willed and just don’t have any willpower and are self-indulgent and all that business,” he said．“If you think that way, you’re not going to spend time having a productive conversation．”

(1)

What is the Stop Obesity Alliance most probably in Paragraph 3?

[　　]

A．

An organization of doctors specializing in obesity．

B．

An organization of patients suffering from obesity．

C．

A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people．

D．

A research group dealing with doctor-patient relationship．

(2)

How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?

[　　]

A．

About 350．

B．

About 390．

C．

About 900．

D．

About 1,000．

(3)

What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?

[　　]

A．

They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are．

B．

Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain．

C．

Without their doctors’ constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight．

D．

Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy．

(4)

According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?

[　　]

A．

Most doctors just never think of warning their patients about their weight problem．

B．

Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight．

C．

Most patients are too weak-willed to do anything about their weight．

D．

Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem．

(5)

Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

[　　]

A．

Obesity in the U．S．

B．

Trouble of overweight Americans．

C．

Talk more, help better．

D．

Doctors or patients-who to bear more blame?

阅读理解：

　　For years, there has been a bias(偏见)against science among clinical psychologists．In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists led by Timothy B．Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science．” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by …science．” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment．“The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science．”

　　The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying the most effective treatments．Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments－the tools of psychology－bring more lasting benefits than drugs．

　　You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist．Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practice them．

　　Why in the world not? For one thing, says Baker, clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”．Also, one third of patients get better no matter what treatment(if any)they have, “and psychologists remember these successes, believing, wrongly, that they are the result of the treatment．”

　　When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study that works．A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient．If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit itself．”

(1)

Many clinical psychologists fail to provide the most effective treatments because _________．

[　　]

A．

they are unfamiliar with their patients

B．

they believe in science and evidence

C．

they depend on their colleagues’ help

D．

they rely on their personal experiences

(2)

The widening gap between clinical practice and science is due to _________．

[　　]

A．

the cruel judgment by Walter Mischel

B．

the fact that most patients get better after being treated

C．

the great progress that has been made in psychological research

D．

the fact that patients prefer to take drugs rather than have other treatments

(3)

How do clinical psychologists respond when charged that their treatments are not supported by science?

[　　]

A．

They feel embarrassed．

B．

They try to defend themselves．

C．

They are disappointed．

D．

They doubt their treatments．

(4)

In Mischel’s opinion, psychology will _________．

[　　]

A．

destroy its own reputation if no improvement is made

B．

develop faster with the support of insurance companies

C．

work together with insurance companies to provide better treatment

D．

become more reliable if insurance companies won’t demand evidence-based medicine

(5)

What is the purpose of this passage?

[　　]

A．

To show the writer’s disapproval of clinical psychologists．

B．

To inform the readers of the risks of psychological treatments．

C．

To explain the effectiveness of treatments by clinical psychologists．

D．

To introduce the latest progress of medical treatment in clinical psychology．

阅读理解：

　　Wugging, or web-use giving, describes the act of giving to charity at no cost to the user．By using Everyclick．com, which is being added to a number of university computers across the UK, students can raise money every time they search, but it won't cost them a penny．

　　Research shows that students are extremely passionate about supporting charity － 88％ of full time students have used the Internet to give to charity．This age group is often the least likely to have their own income．19％ of 22 to 24 year olds have short-term debts of more than ￡5,000．With rising personal debt levels in this age group, due to university tuition fees or personal loans and a lack of long-term savings, traditional methods of donating to charity are often not appealing or possible．

　　Beth Truman, a 21 year old recent university graduate, has used Everyclick．com to donate to her chosen charity, the RSPCA, for two years and has seen the “wugging” grow in popularity with students．“When you're at university you become more socially aware, but it's sometimes hard to give to others when you have little money yourself,” says Beth．“Wugging is great for people in this age group as it allows them to use the technology on a daily basis to give to charity, without costing them a single penny．”

　　Wugging is perfect for people who want to be more socially aware and supportive but don't feel they have the means to do so．Students using the web can raise money for causes they care about without costing them anything in terms of time or money, and charities get a valuable source of funding．

　　Everyclick．com works like any other search engine, allowing users to search for information, news and images but users can decide which of the UK's 170,000 charities they would like to support through their clicks．Everyclick．com then makes monthly payments to every registered charity．Launched in June 2005, Everyclick．com is now the eighth largest search engine and one of the busiest charity websites in the UK．

(1)

According to the passage, “wugging” is actually ________．

[　　]

A．

a website

B．

a charity-related action

C．

a school organization

D．

a student movement

(2)

In the case of charity, Everyclick．com ________．

[　　]

A．

frees students of the financial worries

B．

receives much money from students

C．

offers valuable information to students

D．

praises students for their money-raising

(3)

What does Beth Truman think of the “wugging” movement?

[　　]

A．

It makes Everyclick．com popular in the UK．

B．

It becomes easy to do charity because of it．

C．

It results in students' more social awareness．

D．

It helps students to save money．

(4)

From the passage, we can conclude that ________．

[　　]

A．

most full time students do charity on the Internet every day

B．

Everyclick．com helps students pay for the college education

C．

“wugging” is a win-win idea for both students and charities

D．

Everyclick．com is the most successful search engine in the UK

(5)

What would be the best title for this passage?

[　　]

A．

“Wugging”, a new popular term on the Internet．

B．

British people show strong interest in charity．

C．

More Britain charities benefit from the Internet．

D．

Students raise money for charity by “wugging”．

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