题目内容
【题目】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
CONFUCIUS【1】has been known in China as Kung Tzu, is one of the most 【2】 (influence) philosophers.
Confucius was born in 551 B C. in the state of Lu, in the southern part of the present Shandong province in eastern China. He lived in 【3】 (poor) in his youth, but entered the government of Lu and by the time he was fifty, he 【4】(reach) high official rank. As a result of political intrigue (阴谋), however, he was soon forced 【5】 (resign) his position and go into exile (流亡). For the next thirteen years he traveled from state to state always 【6】 (hope) to find an opportunity to realize his ideal of political and social reform. Nowhere, however, did he succeed, and finally as an old man he returned to Lu, 【7】 he died three years later in 479 B.C.
【8】 is more significant and unique is that Confucius was China’s first private teacher. According to tradition, he had several thousand students, of whom several tens became famous 【9】 (thinker). Known【10】Confucianism, his ideas are best known through Confucian Analects, a collection of his sayings which was compiled by some of his followers.
【答案】
【1】who
【2】influential
【3】poverty
【4】had reached
【5】to resign
【6】hoping
【7】where
【8】What
【9】thinkers
【10】as
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了孔子的生平以及孔子的儒家思想。
【1】
考查定语从句。句意:孔子在中国被称为孔夫子。分析句子,划线部分充当了主语,所以此处需填引导词。从句的先行词为名词即CONFUCIUS,故后面的从句为定语从句。定语从句部分缺主语,引导词用关系代词。此处的先行词为“人”。故填who。
【2】
考查形容词。句意:孔子在中国被称为孔夫子,是最有影响力的哲学家之一。分析句子,提示词的词性为名词,此处需将其改为形容词来修饰后面的名词philosophers。故填influential。
【3】
考查名词。句意:他年轻时生活贫困,后来进了鲁国的政府。分析句子,in是介词,后面接名词充当宾语。故需将提示词变为名词。in poverty 译为“贫穷”,是固定短语。故填poverty。
【4】
考查时态。句意:到他五十岁的时候,他的官阶已经很高了。分析句子, by the time译为到…的时候,后面接动词过去时或过去时间时。主句部分用过去完成时。故填had reached。
【5】
考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,由于政治阴谋,他很快被迫辞职并流亡国外。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外还有谓语动词was forced,故此处需填入非谓语动词。根据固定搭配be forced to do sth. 译为被迫做某事,是固定搭配。故此处需填to resign。
【6】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在接下来的十三年里,他走遍了各个国,总是希望找到一个机会来实现他的政治和社会改革的理想。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外已有谓语动词traveled,所以此处需填非谓语动词。提示词hope和逻辑主语he表示主动关系。故填hoping。
【7】
考查定语从句。句意:然而,他在任何地方都没有成功。最后,他年老时回到了鲁国,三年后死于公元前479年。分析句子,划线后从句的先行词为名词,故从句是定语从句。分析从句结构可知,从句部分缺状语。所以此处需用关系副词。从句的先行词是“鲁国”。故填where。
【8】
考查主语从句。句意:更重要和独特的是孔子是中国的第一位私人教师。分析句子,划线处属于主语从句。分析成分可知,主语从句部分缺“主语”,所以引导词需要用连接代词。分析句意,此处缺“什么”之意 。故填What。
【9】
考查名词复数。句意:按照传统,他有几千名学生,其中几十人成为著名的思想家。分析句子,thinker 译为思想家,是可数名词。此处需表示复数。故填thinkers。
【10】
考查固定搭配。句意:他的思想被称为儒家思想,最著名的是由他的一些追随者编撰的《论语》。分析句子,(be)known as 是固定短语。译为“被认为是;以…而出名”。此处be 动词被省略,用Known过去分词作状语。故填as。