One cause of the current food crisis is drought．Food prices are high in part because of dry weather in places as far distant as Spain and Australia．Around the world, the amount of land affected by d 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

One cause of the current food crisis is drought．Food prices are high in part because of dry weather in places as far distant as Spain and Australia．Around the world, the amount of land affected by drought has doubled in the past thirty years．And scientists concerned about climate change believe it will cause more drought in many areas in the future.

A lot of research is going into efforts to develop drought-resistant crops．One project involves tobacco plants genetically engineered to keep their leaves during water shortages．They chose tobacco because it has big leaves．Also, it grows fast and has structural similarities with some other plants.

The researchers did an experiment with two groups of tobacco plants．They worked with a set of normal plants and a set of transgenic plants．These had a gene added to interfere with the biological causes of leaf loss during drought.

The researchers put all the plants in a greenhouse to grow under normal conditions for forty days．Then, for fifteen days after that, the plants did not receive any water.

The normal plants lost their green color．Finally, they lost their leaves．But the researchers say the transgenic plants kept their leaves and their color.

After the fifteen dry days, all the plants were watered again for a week．The transgenic plants returned to normal growth, and their seed production was close to normal．But the other plants all died.

In addition, the researchers found that the plants could survive on only thirty percent of the normal amount of irrigation water．Yield loss was minor, they said.

The findings appeared late 2007 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences．The University of California has applied for patent protection for the technology.

The researchers expect to move forward with field testing of the transgenic tobacco in late August．They hope for similar results with crops like tomatoes, rice, wheat and cotton.

71．It can be inferred from Paragraph1 that _______

A．the amount of land affected by drought has doubled in the past thirty years in the world

B．drought is the only cause to lead to the current food crisis.

C．food prices will be higher in the future with the drought areas extending

D．food prices has nothing to do with the climate change in the world

72．One project chooses tobacco plants because __________

A．planting tobacco can bring in great profits．

B．tobacco plants have large leaves and structural similarities with some other plants

C．tobacco plants grows fast

D．Both B and C

73．From the beginning to the end, the experiment with two groups of tobacco plants lasts for at least _______ days

A．40 B．55 C．62 D．77

74．The conclusion they can draw in the experiment is that________

A．the two groups of tobacco plants are the same drought-resistant crops．

B．the transgenic plants can return to the normal tobacco plants

C．the transgenic plants need more water than the normal ones

D．the transgenic plants need less water and the decrease of production is small

75．The next aim of the experiment is ______

A．to apply for patent protection for the transgenic technology

B．to increase the production of the transgenic plants

C．to hope for similar results with other crops .

D．to move forward with field testing of the transgenic tobacco

CDCDD

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The cost of medical care in the United States is very high. The time and money that doctors spend on their medical education is probably one reason for this problem.

A visit to a doctor’s office costs from fifteen to fifty dollars. It is almost impossible for people to pay for medical care they need. Many people in the United States think that doctors are overpaid. Most doctors, however, disagree. They say that they were required to study medicine for a long time. Tuition(学费)for many years of medical education costs lots of money. Doctors say that it is necessary for most medical students to borrow money from a bank to pay their tuition. Because this money must be repaid to the bank, young doctors need to receive a lot of money for their work. So they charge(收费)people high prices for medical care.

Therefore, it’s possible that the high cost of medical care in America is unnecessary. Because high tuition is one cause of high costs, one way to lower costs would be to have medical schools that are free or have lower tuition.

1．Some people don’t have their medical care they need because　　 .

A. they are not willing to pay the doctors high tuition

B. they don’t think it necessary to have medical care

C. they don’t want to spend much money on it

D. they haven’t got enough money to pay for it

2．The reason for the high medical cost mentioned(提到)in the article is　　 .

A. tuition in medical schools is high

B. the price of medicine is high

C. doctors are overpaid

D. doctors must pay money to banks

3．One way to lower the cost of medical care would be　　 .

A. not to see a doctor

B. to pay doctors less money

C. to let medical students have free or partly free medical education

D: To forbid(禁止)doctors to ask their patients for too much money

4．The main idea of the article is that __________.

A. a visit to a doctor’s office may cost as much as $15 to $50 in US

B. the cost of medical care is the main reason for the high costs in US

C. medical care in the United States costs a lot of money because doctors want to be rich

D. the high cost of tuition in medical schools is one reason for the high cost of medical care in America

5． The cost of medical care in the United States is very high. What does the writer think about it?

A. He agrees that doctors are overpaid.

B. He thinks it a big problem and suggests a way to settle it.

C. He doesn’t think medical students should borrow money from banks.

D. He doesn’t think it necessary for medical students to study for a long time.

Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions—mistaken ideas.
One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary to study the different elements（组成部分）of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.
Language
A. knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. First, people can communicate directly. Second, people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language. Third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly. Finally, knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.
Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad . An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international business. For example, many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries, and they buy a lot of it.
Customs and manners
Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. For example, in the United States, it is the custom to have salad （色拉） before the main course at dinner, not after. It’s not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table. Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products. Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn’t sell well because the French don’t usually drink juice with breakfast.
【小题1】A. knowledge of the local language allows international business people _________.
A. to be more open with their customers
B. to communicate without outside help
C. to express their thoughts indirectly
D. to have a better idea of their own culture
【小题2】The act of many people buying chocolate of Switzerland shows the role of ________.

【小题3】What would be the best title for the text?

A．Misconceptions in Business	B．Basic Beliefs in Business
C．International Business Culture	D．Successful International Business

【小题4】The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell people ___________

A．how to take a right attitude in business

B．how to avoid misunderstandings in business

C．how to use a local language in business

D．how to act politely and properly in business

A dense wave of smog began in the Chinese city of Harbin and the surrounding Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces on 20 October 2013. Unseasonably warm temperatures with very little wind across northeastern China coincided with the smoke from local farmers’ burning straws and the start-up of Harbin’s coal-powered central heating system.

Record densities of fine particulates(微粒)were measured in the city. In Harbin, the levels of PM2.5 (particulate matter) rise to 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter, worse than Beijing’s historic highs. Visibility was reduced to below 50m in parts of Harbin, and below 500m in most of the neighbouring Jilin Province. On Fa Yuen Street in Harbin, visibility of less than 5m was reported. The smog reduced after October 23, 2013 and completely broke up on October 28, 2013 by the first local snow and icy rain due to a cold front moving in from Russia.

Harbin lies in the north of China where winter temperatures can drop to -40℃, demanding a six-month heating season. Daily particulate levels of more than 40 times the World Health Organization recommended maximum level were reported in parts of Harbin. The smog remained till 23 October, when almost all monitoring stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces reported readings above 200μg/m³forPM2.5. PM2.5 is the amount of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter in the air, with the WHO recommending a maximum 24-hour mean (平均值) of 25 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³). On the morning of 25 October, PM2.5 measurements in Harbin had fallen to an average of 123μg/m³.

All highways in the surrounding Heilongjiang Province were closed. In Harbin, all primary and middle schools were closed for three days and authorities stopped flights at the airports. Hospitals reported a 23 percent increase in admissions for breathing problems. However, this smog will have no influence on Harbin Ice Festival events later in December 2013.

Air pollution in Chinese cities is of increasing concern to China’s leadership. Particulates in the air can affect human health and also have influences on climate and rainfall. Pollution from the burning of coal has reduced life expectancy by 5.5 years in the north of China, as a result of heart and lung diseases.

1.One cause of the heavy smog in the northeastern Chinese cities may be _____.

A. the lasting cold weather

B. farmers’ burning of forests

C. too much strong wind

D. the start-up of heating system

2.One serious influence of the heavy smog was that_____.

A. Harbin Ice Festival would be cancelled

B. highways in Heilongjiang were free of charge

C. all flights at the airport were cancelled

D. doctors in hospitals were kept from working

3.The harmful smog was most serious on ______.

A. October 20 B. October 23 C. October 25 D. October 28

4.What measure might be practical to reduce the happening of heavy smog?

A. Forbidding people to own their private cars.

B. Advocating people having one meal a day.

C. Using natural gas to cook instead of coal.

D. Encouraging family’s coal-fired heating.

What is the connection between violence and sports? Psychologists（心理学家） say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol（酒精）. Many fans drink a lot at games. When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things. Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud. Normally nonviolent people become destructive.”

David Sampson, a sports sociologist, agrees, “These are often celebratory riots(暴乱)— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly.”

Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd itself. When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility. Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel that no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality.”

Dave Zarifis, head of public safety at Northern Iowa University says, “Some people don’t even come to celebrate. They want to drink hard and make trouble. Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there. You get a mob mentality. People think it’s OK to do almost anything. They think, ‘There are so many of us and not enough of them.’ ”

Social psychologist Dr. Sharon Kennedy says that there are a few things officials can do to prevent violence. Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important. Officials should also think of games as “big parties.” Then they will prepare differently. Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums. “When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly.”

1.Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs?

A．There’s a connection between violence and sports

B．There are many reasons for violence at sports events.

C．One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol.

D．David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion.

2.Which of the following does NOT belong to a “mob mentality”?

A．“ No one knows I’m doing this.”

B．“ It’s safe to do what many people are doing.”

C．“There are so many of us and not enough of them.”

D．“I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy.”

3.How many experts are quoted by the writer of this passage?

A．Five. B．Four. C．Three. D．Two.

4.The last paragraph is mainly about ______.

A．how to turn games into big parties

B．how to prevent violence at sports events

C．why to fix cameras in stadiums

D．how to avoid oneself behaving badly

5.What lesson can we learn from this passage?

A．Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are.

B．Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet.

C．Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something.

D．Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there.

三：阅读理解（共25小题；每小题2分，满分50分）

Eye Facts

There are many commonly held beliefs about eyesight that are not proven facts. For example, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. But there is no evidence to show that the structure（结构）of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at young age. Wearing the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can develop loss of sight if they have glasses unsuitable for their eyes.

We have all heard some of the common myths about how eyesight gets bad. Most people believe that reading in weak light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired and strained. Eyestrain also results from reading a lot, reading in bed, and watching too much television. However, although eyestrain may cause some pain or headaches, it does not damage eyesight in the long term.

Another myth about eyes is that they can be replaced, or transplanted from one person to another. There are close to one million nerve fibers（神经纤维）that connect the eyeball to the brain; as of yet, it is impossible to connect them all in a new person. Only certain parts of the eye can be replaced. But if we keep clearing up the myths and learning more about the eyes, someday a full transplant may be possible!

1. This passage is mostly about __________.

A. different types of eye problems B. myths about eyesight

C. beliefs of eye doctors D. eye transplants

2. One cause of eyestrain mentioned in the passage is __________.

A. wearing glasses too long B. suffering from pain or headaches

C. reading in poor light D. reading before going to bed

3. From the passage we can conclude that __________.

A. doctors are still learning things about eyesight

B. wearing wrong glasses is less harmful to adults

C. eye transplants have been performed successfully

D. people should not wear glasses at young age

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