题目内容

What is the connection between violence and sports? Psychologists(心理学家) say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol(酒精). Many fans drink a lot at games. When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things. Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud. Normally nonviolent people become destructive.”

David Sampson, a sports sociologist, agrees, “These are often celebratory riots(暴乱)— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly.”

Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd itself. When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility. Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel that no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality.”

Dave Zarifis, head of public safety at Northern Iowa University says, “Some people don’t even come to celebrate. They want to drink hard and make trouble. Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there. You get a mob mentality. People think it’s OK to do almost anything. They think, ‘There are so many of us and not enough of them.’ ”

Social psychologist Dr. Sharon Kennedy says that there are a few things officials can do to prevent violence. Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important. Officials should also think of games as “big parties.” Then they will prepare differently. Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums. “When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly.”

1.Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs? 

A.There’s a connection between violence and sports

B.There are many reasons for violence at sports events.

C.One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol.

D.David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion.

2.Which of the following does NOT belong to a “mob mentality”?

A.“ No one knows I’m doing this.”

B.“ It’s safe to do what many people are doing.”

C.“There are so many of us and not enough of them.”

D.“I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy.”

3.How many experts are quoted by the writer of this passage?

A.Five.             B.Four.             C.Three.            D.Two.

4.The last paragraph is mainly about ______.

A.how to turn games into big parties

B.how to prevent violence at sports events

C.why to fix cameras in stadiums

D.how to avoid oneself behaving badly

5.What lesson can we learn from this passage?

A.Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are.

B.Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet.

C.Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something.

D.Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there.

 

【答案】

1.C

2.D

3.A

4.B

5.C

【解析】

试题分析:本文叙述了存在着球场暴力,并解释了原因,在最后还提出了解决的方法。

1.C 段落大意题。根据文章第一段第二行One is alcohol(酒精).说明酒精是暴乱的一个重要原因,故C项正确。

2.D 推理题。根据第三段最后3行Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality.”说明“mob mentality.”这是一种从众的心理,需要很多人在一起才能发生。根据第三段3,4,5三行people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel that no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. 说明ABC三项与之相符,D项不是mob mentality的行为。

3.A 细节题。根据Psychologist Dennis Brock says,David Sampson,Edward Hirt,Dave Zarifis和Dr. Sharon Kennedy说明一共由5个专家,故A正确。

4.B 段落大意题。根据文章最后一段说明本段是解释阻止暴力的方式方法,故B正确。

5.C 推理题。根据本文内容可知很多运动场上的暴力很多都是由于酒精和从众的心理产生的,所以无论有多少人在一起都不要盲目的跟随别人做一样的事情。故C正确。

考点:考查社会知识人短文阅读

点评:本文叙述了存在着球场暴力,并解释了原因,在最后还提出了解决的方法。要求考生能仔细阅读文章,明确题目的要求和选项的细节,然后结合文本的内容作出合理的延伸推理,最后作出准确的判断。

 

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Nothing says love like a dozen long – stemmed roses on Valentine’s Day. More than a million roses will be sold during this festival for lovers, the biggest day of the year for the nation’s rose industry. It’s going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style.

Yes, a rose is a rose is a rose. But selling them is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops. Supermarkets now offer convenience to the busy and discount rose shops help those hopelessly in love save money. Roses only is a good example of a discount rose retailer that was transformed from a traditional shop to answer the challenge in the’ 90s.

Inside this store on Sixth Avenue near 40 th Street, contemporary white furniture and wall – to – wall mirrors give it an expensive look. Customers move about freely among the counters, looking eagerly at the roses in more than 50 colors from shelf to shelf. Some customers say it’s the high quality of the roses that attracts them there. “I spent $ 20 but the flowers looked like I paid 60 or 70 dollars,” says one customer.

Studies show more people are buying roses in ones, two and threes these days. In fact, more than half of all roses are sold in bunches of fewer than a dozen. But Roses Only's low prices encourage people to spend. Even on Valentine's Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12 of Roses Only's most expensive flowers sell for just $35. The company's key to success is to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses in the sunshine of the Andes Mountains. In addition, the company also sells other items such as ballons and stuffed animals.    

       While discount rose retailers are witnessing their business bloom, U.S. rose growers aren’t able to compete with the fierce foreign competition. More than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other countries. The biggest foreign producers are Colombia and Ecuador, which accounted for almost 90% of the total imported last year. The trend has hurt domestic rose growers such as Johnson Flowers of California, considered to be this country's leading producer.

Now, instead of fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. "We have a few big fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. “We may also widen our business to include the service area and be a representative for overseas flower producers.”

       As a result of severe competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days, whereas ordinary people benefit from the low price.

60.What is the central theme of this text?

A.The US rose business is going from bad to worse in spite of the efforts made.

B.The rose will remain the most popular flower as love never goes out of date.

C.The rose business is trying to meet the challenges in the market to succeed.

D.The rose industry plays an important role in American economy.

61.How does Roses Only obtain success in the discount rose retailing field?

       A.By setting up more chain stores across the country.

B.By selling roses in supermarkets.

C.By selling high quality roses at a low price.

D.By selling roses by the dozen.

How old is “old”?  The answer has changed over the years. Two hundred years ago,you were old at 35.At the beginning of the 20 th century,the average life span(平均寿命)was 45. In 1950,70-year-olds were really old.Today,a healthy 70-year-old is still thought young.
So,how old is old? The answer is one you’ve heard many times,from all kinds of people.“You are as old(or young)as you feel.”Your age simply tells you how many years you have lived.Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.
“Nobody grows old by living a number of years.” wrote a writer.“People grow old when they don’t have their ideas.”
People shouldn’t have the wrong ideas about aging.Sometimes,older minds can be as bright as young minds.Alice Brophy once said,“It makes me unhappy when people say,‘You look young for your age。’ What does that mean?You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80. ”
【小题1】In 1950, the average life span was       .

A.35B.45C.50D.70
【小题2】People grow old when        according to a writer.
A.they don’t have their ideas.B.they live many years.
C.They can’t live longer.D.they have their ideas.
【小题3】The meaning of the underlined word “aging” is “        ”
A.growing oldB.staying young
C.keeping healthyD.feeling unhappy
【小题4】Which question is NOT answered in the passage?
A.Can older people be as bright as young people?
B.What’s the wrong ideas about aging?
C.How old is “old”?
D.what is the average life span today?
【小题5】The passage is mainly about __________ .
A.the average life spanB.aging
C.the 20th centuryD.older people and young people

 

第二部分:阅读理解(第一节20小题,第二节5小题;每小题2分,满分50分)

第一节:阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

Being interested in a theme park since the time that I was a child, I have learned a thing or two over the years about packing for a day of fun. A trip to a theme park is always a adventure, but if you’re not prepared, your day of fun could easily turn into a tiny little nightmare(噩梦). It is important to pack long sleeved(带袖的) shirts or jackets for all members of your family. I is also a good idea to pack an extra pair of socks for each member of the family, especially the children, as those wonderful water rides can be fun, but wet socks that won’t dry aren’t so much fun.

You don’t want to pack too much food, as you will probably want to experience at least some of the food offered at the theme park of your choice(that’s half of the fun), but it’s always a good idea to bring some energy increasing snacks, such as fruit,trail mix,etc. This can mean the difference between spending a lot of money on snacks or a little money on one or two good meals.

Theme parks,while fun and exciting, can wear a person out,especially a child, so it’s important to keep hydrated(含水的). I would suggest packing one bottle of water per person, and possibly a couple of cans of soda or bottles of juice as well.

It’s a good idea to have at least two cell phones or even a set of “walkie-talkies” in the event that your family gets,separated in the park. It’s a good idea to give one of these things to the children and one to the parents and make sure that each of them knows how to use it. This could be the difference between trouble and a happy ending,

1.You should get well prepared before going to a theme park__________.

  A. because the trip always costs much money

B.because there are always too many people in a theme park.

C. so as not to suffer from bad dreams when going back

D.so as to cut down your trip expenses and have more fun

2.From the passage, we can know_______________.

  A.the author was fond of visiting theme parks when he was a child

B.wearing wet socks in a theme park will bring children much fun

C.it is terrible to have a taste of the food offered in a theme park.

D. we’d better bring enough food, clothing and water when going to a theme park

3.What does th underlined part”walkie-talkies” in the last paragraph probably refer to?

  A. A kind of transportation tool           B.A kind of musical instrument

C.A kind of CDplayer                  D.A kind of phone

4.How many types of things does the author advise us to pack for day trips to a theme park?

  A Three         B.Five      C.Six      D. Eight

 

A team from Krakow, in Poland, used functional magnetic resonance imaging (机能性核共振成像)(FMRI)to assess brain activity when 40 volunteers were shown various images.Men showed activity in areas which dealt with what action they should take in order to avoid or face up to danger.But the study found more activity in the emotional centers of women's brains.The researchers, from another university, carried out scans on 21 men and 19 women.Brain activity was monitored while the volunteers were shown images of objects and images from ordinary life designed to remind different emotional states.

The images were displayed in two runs.For the first run, only negative pictures were shown.For the second run, only positive pictures were shown.

While viewing the negative images, women showed stronger and broader activity in the left thalamus(神经床).This is an area which passes sense information to the pain and pleasure centres of the brain.Men showed more activity in an area of the brain called the left insula(脑岛), which plays a key role in controlling natural functions, including breath, heart rate and digestion.Generally, activity in this area tells the body to either run away from danger, or meet it head on - the so-called "fight or flight response".

While viewing positive images, women showed stronger activity in an area of the brain associated with memory.With men, the stronger activity was recorded in an area associated with visual processing.Dr Urbanik believes these differences suggest women may analyze positive stimuli(刺激)in a broader social context and associate positive images with a particular memory.

For instance, viewing a picture of a smiling child might remind memories of a woman's own child at this age.On the contrary, male responses tend to be less emotional.

1.The research shows that men response differently to__________compared with women.

A.different images    B.ordinary life 

C.different activities        D.medical scan

2.According to the passage, when faced with danger, ____________.

A.women react more slowly than men       B.women usually try to avoid it 

C.men usually have no reaction         D.men react to it more directly

3.What is discussed in the 4 th paragraph?         .

A.Men and women’s different memories   B.The different responses to the children

C.Different reactions to positive stimuli    D.Negative results of the visual processing

3.The passage mainly develops______.

A.by inferring                   B.by comparing  

C.by listing examples       D.by giving explanations

 

 

    A team from Krakow, in Poland, used functional magnetic resonance imaging (机能性核共振成像) (FMRI) to assess brain activity when 40 volunteers were shown various images. Men showed activity in areas which dealt with what action they should take in order to avoid or face up to danger. But the study found more activity in the emotional centers of women's brains. The researchers, from another university, carried out scans on 21 men and 19 women. Brain activity was monitored while the volunteers were shown images of objects and images from ordinary life designed to remind different emotional states.

The images were displayed in two runs. For the first run, only negative pictures were shown. For the second run, only positive pictures were shown.

While viewing the negative images, women showed stronger and broader activity in the left thalamus(神经床). This is an area which passes sense information to the pain and pleasure centres of the brain. Men showed more activity in an area of the brain called the left insula(脑岛), which plays a key role in controlling natural functions, including breath, heart rate and digestion. Generally, activity in this area tells the body to either run away from danger, or meet it head on - the so-called "fight or flight response".

While viewing positive images, women showed stronger activity in an area of the brain associated with memory. With men, the stronger activity was recorded in an area associated with visual processing. Dr Urbanik believes these differences suggest women may analyze positive stimuli(刺激)in a broader social context and associate positive images with a particular memory.

For instance, viewing a picture of a smiling child might remind memories of a woman's own child at this age. On the contrary, male responses tend to be less emotional.

1.The research shows that men response differently to         compared with women.

         A.different images                  B.ordinary life

         C.different activities              D.medical scan

2.According to the passage, when faced with danger,            .

         A.women react more slowly than men         B.women usually try to avoid it   

         C.men usually have no reaction   D.men react to it more directly

3.What is discussed in the 4 th paragraph?          .

         A.Men and women’s different memories

         B.The different responses to the children

         C.Different reactions to positive stimuli

         D.Negative results of the visual processing

4.The passage mainly develops           .

         A.by inferring                  B.by comparing

         C.by listing examples    D.by giving explanations

 

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