题目内容

A dense wave of smog began in the Chinese city of Harbin and the surrounding Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces on 20 October 2013. Unseasonably warm temperatures with very little wind across northeastern China coincided with the smoke from local farmers’ burning straws and the start-up of Harbin’s coal-powered central heating system.

Record densities of fine particulates(微粒)were measured in the city. In Harbin, the levels of PM2.5 (particulate matter) rise to 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter, worse than Beijing’s historic highs. Visibility was reduced to below 50m in parts of Harbin, and below 500m in most of the neighbouring Jilin Province. On Fa Yuen Street in Harbin, visibility of less than 5m was reported. The smog reduced after October 23, 2013 and completely broke up on October 28, 2013 by the first local snow and icy rain due to a cold front moving in from Russia.

Harbin lies in the north of China where winter temperatures can drop to -40℃, demanding a six-month heating season. Daily particulate levels of more than 40 times the World Health Organization recommended maximum level were reported in parts of Harbin. The smog remained till 23 October, when almost all monitoring stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces reported readings above 200μg/m³forPM2.5. PM2.5 is the amount of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter in the air, with the WHO recommending a maximum 24-hour mean (平均值) of 25 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³). On the morning of 25 October, PM2.5 measurements in Harbin had fallen to an average of 123μg/m³.

All highways in the surrounding Heilongjiang Province were closed. In Harbin, all primary and middle schools were closed for three days and authorities stopped flights at the airports. Hospitals reported a 23 percent increase in admissions for breathing problems. However, this smog will have no influence on Harbin Ice Festival events later in December 2013.

Air pollution in Chinese cities is of increasing concern to China’s leadership. Particulates in the air can affect human health and also have influences on climate and rainfall. Pollution from the burning of coal has reduced life expectancy by 5.5 years in the north of China, as a result of heart and lung diseases.

1.One cause of the heavy smog in the northeastern Chinese cities may be _____.

A. the lasting cold weather                         

B. farmers’ burning of forests

C. too much strong wind                              

D. the start-up of heating system

2.One serious influence of the heavy smog was that_____.

A. Harbin Ice Festival would be cancelled    

B. highways in Heilongjiang were free of charge

C. all flights at the airport were cancelled    

D. doctors in hospitals were kept from working

3.The harmful smog was most serious on ______.

A. October 20      B. October 23    C. October 25     D. October 28

4.What measure might be practical to reduce the happening of heavy smog?

A. Forbidding people to own their private cars.    

B. Advocating people having one meal a day.

C. Using natural gas to cook instead of coal.      

D. Encouraging family’s coal-fired heating.

 

【答案】

 

1.D

2.C

3.B

4.C

【解析】

试题分析:2013年10月20日,中国北方出现大范围雾霾天气。东三省PM2.5再次“爆表”。雾霾天气对居民的身体健康有极大的不良影响,医院接受的呼吸道疾病患者增加。我们的空气正在逐渐变得难以看清世界,能见度500米,50米,甚至5米。

1.细节理解题。由“Unseasonably warm temperatures with very little wind across northeastern China coincided with the smoke from local farmers’ burning straws and the start-up of Harbin’s coal-powered central heating system.”可知北方的雾霾是由于冬季燃烧供暖导致的。故选D。

2.细节理解题。由“authorities stopped flights at the airports.”可知由于大雾所有的航班都取消了。故选C。

3.细节理解题。由“The smog remained till 23 October, when almost all monitoring stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces reported readings above 200μg/m³forPM2.5”可知雾霾浓度在23号达到了PM2.5的峰值。故选B。

4.推理判断题。由“Pollution from the burning of coal has reduced life expectancy by 5.5 years in the north of China, as a result of heart and lung diseases.”可知,减少煤的燃烧可以有效地降低雾霾的危害。故选C。

考点:科普类阅读。

 

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  A terrifying example of the sea's power saw about 200,000 people die in 12 different countries last week. The devastation (毁坏) was caused when a massive earthquake sent tsunamis (海啸) smashing into Indian Ocean coastlines.

  Communities in Sri Lanka. Indonesia, Thailand, India, Malaysia and East Africa have been destroyed by the monster waves. Whole towns were imply swept aside by the power of the water. Cars, trains and buildings could not survive (幸免), let alone the people who stood in the way.

  The earthquake measured 9.0 on the Richter scale (里氏震级) and occurred off the coast of Indonesia. It was recorded as the fifth strongest since 1900.

  Scientists said the quake was as powerful as a million of the atomic bombs that were dropped on Japan during World War Ⅱ. “This may be the worst natural disaster in recent history because it is affecting so many heavily populated coastal areas," said Jan Egeland, a UN official.

  Because such waves rarely happen in the Indian Ocean, there is no system in place to warn coastal communities they are about to be hit.

  Tsunami is Japanese for “harbour wave.” They are usually caused by a sudden rise or fall of part of the Earth's crust (地壳) under the ocean. Tsunamis often happen in oceans and they are most common in the Pacific. Normally a tsunamis includes a series of waves.

  Tsunamis can be very long-as much a, 100 kilometres-and be as far as one hour apart. They are able to cross entire oceans without losing much energy. One of the most striking facts about tsunamis is that an earthquake on one side of the Pacific Ocean can cause giant wave, and destruction on the other side.

  When the ocean is deep, tsunamis can travel unnoticed at speeds of up to 800 kilometres per hour. They can cross the entire ocean in a day or less.

  The wave may only be a few metres, high in the ocean but when it is near the shore and reaches shallow (浅) water, the wave builds up very quickly in height. Witnesses (目击者) in some areas of Indonesia reported seeing up to 10-metre high waves crash into the shore.

1.We can infer from the passage that fewer people would have died in the South Asian tsunami ________.

[  ]

A.if there had been warning system along the coast

B.if the earthquake had happened off the coast of Thailand

C.if the tsunami had happened in the day time

D.if the tsunami had happened in the deep ocean

2.What surprises people most about the tsunamis is that ________.

[  ]

A.it lasts a long time

B.it travels a long way

C.a tsunamis on one side of the ocean can cause destruction on the other side of the ocean

D.it builds up a high wave

3.Which of the following is NOT true of the South Asian tsunamis?

[  ]

A.It was caused by a serious earthquake off the coast of Indonesia.

B.It was caused by the strongest earthquake in the world.

C.People didn't expect such a strong tsunamis would hit them.

D.It may be the worst natural disaster in recent history.

4.Which of the following is the best title for this article?

[  ]

A.What Is the Tsunami?

B.South Asia Was Hit by the Strongest Earthquake.

C.Mother Nature Displays Anger.

D.A Terrible Disaster.

In summer, millions of people will head for the beach.And while the ocean can be a great place to swim and play, it may also be useful in another way.Some scientists think that waves could help make electricity.
“Have you ever been on a surfboard or boat and felt yourself being lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the energy as waves crashed over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves.”
Scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity.
Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean.“The winds start out by making little ripples (波纹) in the water, but if they keep on blowing , those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves, ”Taylor said.“Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”
When waves come towards the shore, people can set up dams or other barricades to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine (涡轮) .The turbine can then power an electrical generator (发电机) .
The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy , and it is already being used in Scotland.
The resource is huge.We will never run out of wave power, besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil and coal.
Oceans cover three quarters of the earth’s surface.That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world.There are some drawbacks, however.
Jamie Taylor said that wave power still cost too much money.He said that its effects on animals in the sea were still unknown.Plus, wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic.
With more research, however, “many of these problems might be overcome,” Taylor said.“Demand for energy to power our TVs and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes is growing quickly throughout the world.Finding more energy sources is very important, for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day.”
In the future, when you turn on a light switch, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!
【小题1】Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Wave power doesn’t cost too much money.
B.Wave energy is so clean that it doesn’t create the same amount of pollution as other energy sources.
C.Wave power affects fishing and boat traffic.
D.Wave power may affect marine animals.
【小题2】We can infer from the passage that ______.
A.finding more new energy sources is not necessary because of wave energy
B.wave energy is a resource that will never run out and is used all over the world
C.wave power is not quite perfect for creating energy around the world
D.wave power doesn’t create any pollution
【小题3】The underlined word “drawbacks” probably means ______.
A.regretsB.adventuresC.disadvantagesD.difficulties
【小题4】What can be the best title for the passage? 
A.How to Get Electricity by WavesB.The advantages of Wave Energy
C.Can Waves Make Electricity?D.The Disadvantages of Wave Energy

 

二. 完形填空(每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

         The yearly marathon (a long-distance running race of 42.195km) in my town usually occurs during a heat wave. My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance 36 any of them needed medical attention.

         “We’re supposed to stay behind the 37 runner, so take it slowly,” I said to the driver, Doug, as the race started.

         The front-runners started to 38 and then my eyes were 39 to the woman in blue silk running shorts and a loose white T-shirt.

         We knew we were already watching our “last runner”. Her 40 were so crippled(残废的)that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk, 41 alone run a marathon.

         Doug and I 42 in silence as she slowly moved forward. 43 , she was the only runner left in sight. Tears streamed down my face when I watched with respect 44 she pushed forward with great 45 through the last mile.

         When the finish line came into sight, rubbish lay everywhere and the 46 crowds had gone home, 47 , standing straight and ever so proud 48 a lone man. He was 49 one end of a ribbon(缎带)of crepe paper(绉纸) 50 to a post. She slowly crossed through, leaving both ends of the paper fluttering(飘动)behind her.

         I do not know this woman’s name, but that day she became a part of my 51 –a part I often depend on. For her, it wasn’t about 52 the other runners or winning a prize, but about 53 what she had set out to do, no matter 54 . When I think things are too difficult or I get those “I-just-can’t-do-it,” I think of the last runner. Then I realize how 55 the task before me really is.

(  ) 36. A. so that                 B. in case                   C. even though                  D. only if

(  ) 37. A. first                       B. best                        C. only                                  D. last

(  ) 38. A. run                        B. separate               C. disappear                       D. appear

(  ) 39. A. drawn                  B. thrown                       C. fixed                                 D. caught

(  ) 40. A. hands                   B. legs                         C. arms                                D. body

(  ) 41. A. let                    B. leave                      C. speak                               D. take

(  ) 42. A. watched              B. drove                      C. observed                   D. stared

(  ) 43. A. Quickly                 B. Unluckily                C. Naturally                        D. Finally

(  ) 44. A. since                     B. before                    C. as                                         D. until

(  ) 45. A. pain                      B. determination  C. strength                         D. desire

(  ) 46. A. tired                     B. waiting              C. cheering                         D. impatient

(  ) 47. A. Besides                B. Therefore              C. Yet                              D. Fortunately

(  ) 48. A. stood                    B. waited                   C. came                               D. had

(  ) 49. A. helping                 B. catching                C. holding                            D. tying

(  ) 50. A. kept                      B. tied                         C. connected                      D. led

(  ) 51. A. dream                  B. feeling                    C. idea                                  D. life

(  ) 52. A. following            B. hoping                    C. encouraging                  D. beating

(  ) 53. A. finishing     B. realizing                C. starting                           D. winning

(  ) 54. A. where                  B. how                        C. when                               D. what

(  ) 55. A. difficult                B. interesting            C. easy                                 D. hopeful

 

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