题目内容

For years scientists have been worried about the effects of air pollution on the earth’s natural conditions.Some believe the air inside many houses may be more dangerous than the air outside.It may be one hundred times worse.

Indoor air pollution can cause a person to feel tired,to suffer eye pain,headache and other problems.Some pollutants(污染物质) can cause breathing disorders,diseases of blood and even cancer.Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution.

People have paid more attention to the problem now.It is said that when builders began making houses and offices,they did not waste energy.To do this they built buildings that limited the flow of air between inside and outside.They also began using man-made building materials.These materials are now known to let out harmful gases.

As the problem became more serious,scientists began searching for a way to deal with it.They discovered a natural pollution control system for buildinggreen plants.Scientists do not really know how plants control air pollution.They believe that a plant’s leaves absorb(吸收;吸引) or take in the pollutants.In exchange the plant lets out oxygen through its leaves and small organizations on its roots.Scientists suggest that all buildings should have one large plant or several small plants inside for every nine square meters of space.Studies of different plants show that each absorbs different chemicals.So the most effective(有效的) way to clean the air is to use different kinds of plants.Having green plants inside your house can make it prettier and more healthy place.

1.Generally speaking,indoor air pollution may be more harmful than that outside because _______.

A. indoor air pollution can often make people seriously ill

B. man-made building materials give off dangerous gases

C. there may be more harmful gases outside the buildings

D. the flow of air indoors is limited,which is very harmful

2.Some kind of indoor pollution can be found in _______.

A. every modern house B. every old house

C. all kinds of houses D. all kinds of offices

3.The indoor air pollution is caused by _______.

A. the limit of the flow of air between inside and outside

B. the building way that the builders want to save energy

C. the building things that are made of man-made materials

D. the man-made building materials and the limit of air-flow

4.The reason why we should use different kinds of plants to clean the air is that _______.

A. plants can let out all kinds of pollutants indoors

B. plants may take in more oxygen which people need

C. plants can absorb some kinds of harmful indoor chemicals

D. plants can make our houses prettier and more healthy

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Choosing the Right Resolution(决定)

Millions of Americans began 2014,with the same resolution they started 2013 with,a goal of losing weight. However,setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.

To reach our goal of losing weight—the output,we need to control what we eat—the input(输入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight,try an actionable resolution:"I'll stop having dessert for lunch,"or "I'll walk every day for 20 minutes."Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.

Recently a new science behind incentives(激励),including in education,has been discussed.For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input,like reading certain books,while in others,the incentives were based on output,like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output.Fryer's conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not know how to do better on exam,aside from general rules like "study harder."Reading certain books,on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control.

As long as you have direct control over your goal,you have a much higher chance of success.And it's easier to start again if you fail,because you know exactly what you need to do.

If you want to cut down on your spending,a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe,for example.This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn't a goal because it's too general.Similarly,if you want to spend more time with your family, don't stop with this general wish.Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to,like a family movie night every Wednesday.

In the long run,these new goals could become a habit.

1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because .

A. it is hard to achieve for most Americans

B. it is focused too much on the result

C. it is dependent on too many things

D. it is based on actionable decisions

2.In Roland Fryer's research,some students did better than the others because .

A. they obeyed all the general rules

B. they paid more attention to exams

C. they were motivated by their classmates

D. they were rewarded for reading some books

3.According to the writer,which of the following statements is a good goal?

A. "I'll give up dessert."

B. "I'll study harder."

C. "I'll cut down my expense."

D. "I'll spend more time with my family."

4.The writer strongly believes that we should .

A. develop good habits and focus on the outcome

B. be optimistic about final goals and stick to them

C. pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits

D. set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output

Tricks to Remember Words

Memorizing new vocabulary can seem like a difficult task at first, but if you use some strategies you will find your vocabulary expanding rapidly.

Break It Down

One key to memorization success is to attempt a manageable workload. One to five words is a manageable load that will enable you to be successful in remembering them for the long term. 1.

Make Associations

One way to remember words and their definitions is to remember an association that you have with that word. 2.You can make an association web by writing the word in the middle of a piece of paper and mapping out everything you associate with that word.

Write Sentences and Stories

Context is a large part of understanding and remembering definitions. While you may attempt to contextualize a word for yourself by making associations, it can also be useful to write the word in a sentence. 3.If you are learning many words at a time, writing a story with all of the words can be a fun and entertaining strategy for retaining knowledge.

Use Flashcards

Flashcards are a tried and true method of aiding memory. Rather than buying premade vocabulary flashcard, make your own with index cards(索引卡). 4. Besides, when you make your own flashcards, you can personalize them according to your needs by drawing a picture on one side or writing the word in a sentence to help yourself remember the context.

Practice

5. Pick at least one new word a day to use in your everyday conversations. You might be able to fit your new words into e-mails and correspondence as well. The more you use the words, the better you will know them.

A. Create more situations.

B. Quiz yourself on the words.

C. It can save money and aid your memory.

D. If the word has multiple definitions, write it in several different sentences.

E. The association may be an image, a person you know or a song with that word init.

F. When you learn a new word, the best way is to use the word in context immediately.

G. If you have a long list of words to memorize, break the list down so that you can learn some each day.

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