Question

7．只有通过参与志愿者活动才能有效地增强中学生服务大众的责任感．（Only ）Only by involving high school students in volunteer activities in the community can their sense of responsibility to serve thepeople be enhanced/strengthened/improved effectively．

Answer 1

分析 只有通过参与志愿者活动才能有效地增强中学生服务大众的责任感．

解答 答案：Only by involving high school students in volunteer activities in the community can their sense of responsibility to serve the people be enhanced/strengthened/improved effectively．考查Only引导状语位于句首，主句用倒装．
Only引导状语by involving high school students in volunteer activities in the community，主句can their sense of responsibility to serve the people be enhanced/strengthened/improved effectively．用部分倒装．involving…in 表示"参与"；be enhanced/strengthened/improved 是主句的谓语动词，表示"被增强"

点评 考查汉译英．
部分倒装是指将谓语动词的一部分如助动或情态动词置于主语之前．
1、否定副词如no，not，never，seldom，little，hardly，以及含有no，not的短语放在句首时，句子要部分倒装．
①Never in my life have I heard such a thing．
②Little did we expect that he could come．
③Not a single word did he say at the meeting．
④By no means should we do like this．
注意：如上述句子中的否定副词不置于句首时，句子结构不倒装．
2、以否定词开头的关联结构
注意：No sooner…than…，Hardly/scarcely…when…，Not only…but also，Not until…
①Not until late in the evening did he come back．
②Hardly had he got on the bus when he heard a shout．
③Not only did he buy a bike for me but he also sent it to my house．
注意：No sooner…than…；hardly…when；not only…but also这类句型，只将前半部分倒装，后半部分用正常语序．
3、当only置于句首修饰状语时，句子要部分倒装．
①Only in this way can we learn English well．
②Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed．
4、so，neither，nor在句首表示"也"或"也不"句子要部分倒装．
①Tom is very kind．So am I．
②I like English．So does Jack．
③I can't speak English．Nor/Neither can he．
注意：so 后主、谓语不倒装表示前面所述内容的肯定、确定．
试比较：
Tom is very kind．So am I．（两个人，一样情形）
Tom is very kind．So he is．（一个人，一种情形）
汤姆非常和蔼．他就是如此．
5、由as/though引导的让步状语从句，从句形成倒装．
①Child as he was，he could speak five languages．
②Hard as he work，you can't support your family．
③Try as you do，you will ever win．
注意：表语为单数名词时，不定冠词"a"应被省去．
She-maker as he was，he was very happy．
6、so…that/such…that句型中so，such 位于句首时，句子要部分倒装．
①So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed．
7、省略了if 的虚拟条件从句中，主谓形成了部分倒装（虚拟语气的条件句中，省略 if 后，had，were，should等应提前）
①Had you told me earlier，I could have done something．
②Should anyone call，tell him to call in the afternoon．
③Were I you，I would try it again．