Death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two phases --- clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death o 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two phases --- clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be revived(复活). Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final.

Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body’s metabolism(新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.

To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery. The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous(自发的)breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.

1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death, _________.

A. his most important organs are damaged.

B. he still has the possibility of getting back to life.

C. he cannot avoid final death.

D. he is still very much alive

2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to __________.

A. slow down the body’s metabolism.

B. bring vital cells and tissues back to active life.

C. cool the organism.

D. delay the coming of biological death.

3.How did the scientists put Keta into clinical death?

A. By putting her to sleep, lowering her temperature and draining her blood.

B. By surrounding her body with ice-bags and draining her blood.

C. By lowing her blood pressure and stopping her heart from beating.

D. By draining her blood, lowering her blood pressure and stopping her breathing.

4.All of the following indicate that the monkey has almost restored to her original physical state except the fact that__________.

A. her heart beat again.

B. she regained her normal breath.

C. she rejected a penicillin injection.

D. she acted as lively as a healthy monkey.

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He was in the mountain for a year. He felt as if he was ________ from the outside world.

A. cut out B. cut in C. cut off D. cut up

书面表达

假如你是中学生李华，你校外教Bob近期准备回美国度寒假。你班同学决定举办晚会为他送行。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一封e-mail，告知他相关活动安排。

1．目的：向他表达谢意；

2．时间：本周五晚上6：30开始，预计持续1个小时；

3．地点：学校报告厅；

4．活动：同学们一起唱英文歌，并赠送亲手制作的礼物和卡片等。

注意：

1．词数100左右。

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Bob，

With winter vacation drawing near，we know you are going back to America for the holiday．

____________________________________________________________________________________

Yours truly，

Li Hua

假设你叫李华。远在英国的网友Tom想了解你对上网的看法。请根据下表提供的信息，用英语给Tom发一封100个词左右的电子邮件。

Advantages	1．获得更多信息 2．可上网校学习 3．联系更加便捷
Disadvantages	1．聊天、玩游戏费时 2．仍有有害东西
Suggestions	1．善于网上学习 2．时间不宜过长

生词：电子邮件：e-mail 网校：net-school

注：邮件的开头与结尾已给出。

Dear Tom,

I would like to give my opinion about being on the Internet.____________

________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

More than 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed across the globe each day, and it’s likely that many taste bitter.

Now, a new study suggests that coffee fans can make their drink taste sweeter by simply changing the color of their cups.

Scientists claim that blue and glass mugs, which are popular in some coffee shops, can reduce coffee’s bitterness, without any need for sugar, and that coffee drunk from white cups tastes the bitterest.

To prove their claims, the researchers invited 36 volunteers and used three different colored cups— blue, white and transparent glass—to do an experiment.

In the experiment, coffee consumed from the white cup was found to taste less sweet when compared to the other two colored cups, while the blue cup made the coffee taste the sweetest.

The scientists believe that the color brown may be associated with coffee’s bitterness because coffee in a white cup appears the brownest and tastes the bitterest.

“Our study clearly shows that the color of a coffee cup does influence the perceived (感受到的) taste and flavor of coffee,” said Dr George Doorn of Federation University Australia, “but the potential effects may be different between a one-time purchase and a return customer.”

“Anyhow, the effect of the color of the cup on the flavor of the coffee suggests that café owners, baristas (服务员), as well as coffee cup manufacturers should carefully consider the color of their cups, ” he added.

However, the idea that color can alter the taste of food and drink is not new.

A study published last year revealed that red, strawberry-flavored mousse (慕斯蛋糕) served on a white plate was rated as 10 percent sweeter and 15 percent more flavorous than the same food presented on a black plate.

1. What color of the cup can best reduce coffee’s bitterness without adding sugar?

A. Blue. B. Brown. C. White. D. Transparent.

2.The scientists used ________ to do the experiment to prove their claims.

① different brands of coffee

② different colored coffee cups

③ several volunteers

④ several manufactures

A. ① ② B. ② ③ C. ② ④ D. ③ ④

3.Why does coffee in white cups taste the least sweet?

A. Because white cups are not as beautiful as other cups.

B. Because white cups make coffee appear the brownest.

C. Because white cups reduce the sugar in them.

D. Because white cups are better used to serve cakes.

4.According to the article, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Black plates increase the sweetness of food and drink.

B. Strawberry-flavored mousse is 10 percent sweeter than coffee.

C. People consume more than 2.5 billion cups of coffee across the globe every year.

D. People can make coffee taste sweeter by changing the color of their coffee cups.

The farmer considered me as his old friend and treated me ________ some good tea.

A. as B. for C. to D. on

书面表达

假如你是李华，你的好友John热爱绘画，从小梦想成为一名画家。但他的家人极力反对，他有些犹豫不决，于是写信向你征求建议。请你给他写一封英文回信，要点如下：

1. 支持他的梦想； 2. 原因（比如：要坚守梦想，画家不一定没有好的收入，绘画是一种高尚的事业等）；3. 盼望回复。

注意：1. 词数100 左右； 2. 信的格式和开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear John,

I hear that you are not sure about becoming an artist because of your family’s objections.

______________________________________________________________________________________

Yours

Li Hua

The worst days of any summer are the rainy ones. We spend all year looking forward to nice weather and long, hot days. In winter, with its cloudy days and bitter cold, we dream of those days at the beach, lying on the sand and enjoying the bright and burning sun. And then, summer comes, and it rains.

As a child, I would wake up to rainy summer days and come close to crying. It wasn’t fair. We suffered through months of school and experienced bad weather for those short ten weeks of freedom.

On those rainy summer days, I had nothing fun to do and could only sit inside, staring out at the rain like a bird in a cage. I was an only child, so there was no one else to play with. My father worked from home, so I was not truly alone, but he could not actively play with me since he was at work. It was those days that I would watch whatever was on television or read any books that I could find lying around. I’d pray each night that the rain would not be there the next day.

As an adult, though, my opinion of summer rain has changed. When you have to work every day, summer is not as exciting. Everything seems uninteresting. Such a mindset makes you cheer for anything new or different. I spend the winter dreaming of summer and the summer dreaming of winter. When summer comes, I hate how hot it is. And then I look forward to the rain, because the rain brings with it a cold front, which makes me comfortable. Rainy days are still the worst days of the summer, but summer rain today means positively beautiful — and quite cooler — weather tomorrow.

1.When the author was a child, he ______.

A. liked staying indoors B. hated rainy days

C. dreamed on summer days D. preferred cooler weather

2.We can learn from the passage that the author ______.

A. could enjoy the brilliant sun in winter

B. preferred reading to playing outside

C. had no brothers or sisters

D. was often left alone at home

3.As an adult, the author views summer rain differently because ______.

A. rain makes the weather cooler

B. his summer holiday is very short

C. he knows it won’t last long

D. he can better deal with his spare time

In 1978, I was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney, Australia. I was looking forward to having five days off from duty. Unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left. So I thought I’d hitch a ride (搭便车).

I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me. Finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon. He said that although he couldn’t give me a lift, I should come back to his house for lunch. He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be hungry. I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured （使…放心）me I was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards. When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches. After lunch, he helped me find a lift home.

Twenty-five years later, in 2003, while I was driving to a nearby town one day, I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat, trying to hitch a ride. I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I’d been given decades earlier. I pulled over and picked him up. I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.

After a few moments of small talk, the man said to me, “You haven’t changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.”

I couldn’t remember where I’d met him. He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.

1.The author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because .

A. her work delayed her trip to Sydney

B. she missed the only train back home

C. she was going home for her holidays

D. the town was far away from Sydney

2.Which of the following did Gordon do according to Paragraph 2?

A. He helped the girl find a ride.

B. He gave the girl a ride back home.

C. He bought sandwiches for the girl.

D. He watched the girl for three hours.

3.The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that .

A. she realized he was Gordon

B. she had known him for decades

C. she was going to the nearby town

D. she wanted to repay the favour she once got

4.What does the author want to tell the readers through the story?

A. Those who give rides will be repaid.

B. Good manners bring about happiness.

C. Giving sometimes produces nice results.

D. People should offer free rides to others.

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